Pseudoparlatoria parlatorioides (Comstock)

Kondo, Takumasa & Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana, 2016, Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia, Insecta Mundi 2016 (465), pp. 1-24 : 7-8

Pseudoparlatoria parlatorioides (Comstock) ( Fig. 1C )

Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca Campoalegre , 04°38 ′ 26.6 ″ N, 75°47 ′ 27.1 ″ W, 1257 m, 23.ii.2009, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 ( UVCO), 3 ( MECP) ; Finca La Esmeralda , 04°39 ′ 58.4 ″ N, 75°48 ′ 27.4 ″ W, 1223 m, 16.ii.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 ( UVCO) ; Finca La Giralda , 04°17 ′ 44.2 ″ N, 75°50 ′ 32.8 ″ W, 1717 m, 09.ii.2009, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO), 3 ( MECP) ; Finca Santacruz , 04°39 ′ 47.1 ″ N, 75°48 ′ 20.7 ″ W, 1223 m, 27.iv.2009, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO), 3 ( MECP) ; Finca La Porra , 04°40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75°44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10.xi.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO), 7 ( MECP) ; Finca El Edén, 04°39 ′ 38.4 ″ N, 75°44 ′ 33.1 ″ W, 1421 m, 31.x.2008, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Trinidad’, 2 ( UVCO), 2 ( MECP) ; Finca Los Alpes , 04°42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75°49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02.xii.2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cultivar not determined, 2 ( MECP) ; Finca Villa del Sol , 04°42 ′ 06.1 ″ N, 75°50 ′ 00.5 ″ W, 1215 m, 02.xii.2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cultivar not determined, 2 ( MECP) ; Caicedonia: Finca El Palmar, 04°17 ′ 56.0 ″ N, 75º53 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1376 m, 28.x.2008, Coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8’, 1 ( UVCO), 3 ( MECP) ; Finca El Jardín , 04°18 ′ 18.4 ″ N, 75°51 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1622 m, 16.ii.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cultivar not determined, 3 ( MECP) ; Finca Linares , 04°17 ′ 53.2 ″ N, 75°51 ′ 50.9 ″ W, 1490 m, 02.iii.2009, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO), 3 ( MECP) ; Finca Corinto , 04°17 ′ 04.2 ″ N, 75°51 ′ 53.9 ″ W, 1650 m, 20.iv.2009, coll. A. Arias, T. Kondo, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cultivar not determined, 2 ( MECP) ; Finca Las Margaritas , 04°17 ′ 37.1 ″ N, 75°53 ′ 18.0 ″ W, 1352 m, 26.v.2009, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Trinidad’, 3 ( MECP) ; Cali: Portada : 03°27 ′ 16.1 ″ N, 76°33 ′ 06.5 ″ W, 1068 m, 31.xii.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 5 ( MECP) ; El Cerrito: Finca La Alvecia , 03°38 ′ 51.1 ″ N, 76°06 ′ 14.7 ″ W, 1925 m, 19.xii.2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO), 3 ( MECP) ; Palmira: Rozo, Finca Brasil , 03°36 ′ 36.0 ″ N, 76°25 ′ 08.5 ″ W, 967 m, 10.xii.2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cultivar not determined, 2 ( MECP) ; Ulloa: Finca La Catalina , 04°41 ′ 38.8 ″ N, 75°45 ′ 10.4 ″ W, 1301 m, 04.v.2009, coll. A Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Choquette’, 1 ( UVCO) ; Same data except, ex avocado cv. ‘ Santana’, 2 ( MECP) .

Distribution. Afrotropical: Tanzania. Australasian: Hawaiian Islands (Oahu), New Zealand (North Island). Nearctic: Mexico, USA. Neotropical: Argentina, Bahamas, Bermuda, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands. Oriental: India, Sri Lanka. Palaearctic: Belgium (in greenhouses.), Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Italy, Madeira Islands, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom ( England) ( Ben-Dov et al. 2015).

Remarks. Pseudoparlatoria parlatorioides commonly known as the false parlatoria scale is probably native to tropical America (Miller and Davidson 2008). We found it at different altitudes ranging between 967 to 1925 m, on avocados of the following cultivars: ‘Booth 8’, ‘Choquette’, ‘Santana’ and ‘Trinidad’. This species is found on the underside of the leaves and live crowded in large groups up to 600 individuals per leaf, and in this situation it causes chlorosis symptoms (J. Muñoz, personal observation).

Figures

Figure 1. Common scale insects on avocado trees. Diaspididae: A. Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret) on fruit of ‘Hass’ cultivar; B. H. cyanophylli on leaf; C. Pseudoparlatoria parlatorioides (Comstock) on leaf of ‘Lorena’ cultivar; Coccidae: D. Ceroplastes rubens Maskell on leaf of ‘Lorena’ cultivar; E. Coccus hesperidum L. on leaf of guava; F. Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell) on leaf of ‘Lorena’ cultivar; G. Pulvinaria psidii Maskell on leaf of ‘Lorena’ cultivar; H. Saissetia neglecta De Lotto on Erythrina sp.; Pseudococcidae: I. Ferrisia williamsi Kaydan and Gullan on leaf of ‘Lorena’ cultivar. Photos by T. Kondo.