Rhizoecinae

Hodgson, Chris, 2012, Comparison of the morphology of the adult males of the rhizoecine, phenacoccine and pseudococcine mealybugs (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea), with the recognition of the family Rhizoecidae Williams 3291, Zootaxa 3291 (1), pp. 1-79 : 49-50

Key to the adult males of Rhizoecinae seen during this study:

1. Apterous, without any sclerotised plates on mesothorax....................................................... 5

- Brachypterous or macropterous, with prescutum, scutum, scutellum and basisternum, etc............................. 2

2. Antennae 10 segmented; setae on body few, with about 6–10 across each abdominal segment dorsally; tarsal digitules normal, arising from dorsal surface of tarsus and quite long; brachypterous or macropterous................................. 3

- Antennae 7 segmented; setae on body very abundant, with 40+ setae across each abdominal segment dorsally; tarsal digitules extremely short, positioned on either side of distal end of tarsus; brachypterous............................ Rh. coffeae

3. Macropterous; flagellar segments of antennae with some hair-like setae at least twice as long as width of segments........ 4

- Brachypterous; hair-like setae on flagellar segments of antennae shorter than or subequal in length to width of segments................................................................................................ Rh. dianthi

4. Antennae much longer than 1/2 total body length; basal flagellar segments of antennae binodal, more distal segments "bottleshaped"; loculate pores on abdomen absent from all but segments VII and VIII; penial sheath without a constriction................................................................................................... Rh. falcifer

- Antennae about 1/2 total body length; all antennal segments approximately similar in shape, none binodal or narrowly "bottleshaped"; loculate pores frequent across all abdominal segments; penial sheath with a clear constriction towards apex..................................................................................................... Ri. hibisci

5. Tarsi 1 segmented; simple eyes absent; each trochanter with 2 campaniform pores on each side; antennal segments mainly broader than long...................................................................................... 6

- Tarsi 2 segmented; 2 pairs of simple eyes present; each trochanter with 3 campaniform pores on each side; antennal segments all longer than broad.................................................................................. 10

6. Setae on dorsum all very short, in dense bands across all segments; loculate pores present between bands of setae......... 7

- Setae on dorsum not very short and not in dense bands across all segments; loculate pores, when present, located within bands of setae.............................................................................................. 8

7. Antennal segments each much wider than long; third antennal segment no longer than other segments; each band of short setae on prothorax extending across entire segment.......................................... Pseudorhizoecus proximus

- Antennal segments all about as wide as long except segment III which much longest; band of short setae on prothorax split into three areas, 1 on each margin and a medial area..................................................... Ri. malschae

8. Body setae all distinctly capitate; antennae each 3 segmented, apical segment representing two-thirds of total antennal length.................................................................................... Capitisetella migrans

- Body setae entirely setose, none capitate; antennae each at least 6 segmented, apical segment, although longest, no longer than previous two segments combined......................................................................... 9

9. Fleshy setae on antennae clearly different from hair-like setae; each flagellar segment of antennae narrowly attached to previous segment; penial sheath extending anteriorly into abdominal segment VIII ventrally..................... Ri. kondonis

- Fleshy setae on antennae, if present, not differentiated from hair-like setae; each flagellar segment of antennae broadly attached to previous segment; penial sheath not extending anteriorly into abdominal segment VIII ventrally. Ripersiella sp. A

10. Antennae 8 segmented; body without loculate pores and with very few setae (setae more frequent on venter than on dorsum of abdomen); claw clearly shorter than width of tarsus....................................... Kissrhizoecus hungaricus

- Antennae 9 or 10 segmented; loculate pores often present and, although body setae few, these more abundant dorsally than ventrally; claw subequal to or longer than width of tarsus..................................................... 11

11. Fleshy setae on flagellar segments of antennae clearly distinguishable from hair-like setae; simple pores absent; with 1 or 2 pairs of simple eyes................................................................................... 12

- Fleshy setae on flagellar segments of antennae not clearly differentiated from hair-like setae; simple pores present; with 2 pairs of simple eyes....................................................................................... 14

12. With only 1 pair of simple eyes located close to margin; apex of penial sheath narrow with a triangular (arrow-head shaped) apex.............................................................................................. 13

- With 2 pairs of simple eyes, 1 dorsal and other ventral; apex of penial sheath narrowing slowly to a blunt apex.................................................................................................... Rh. kazachstanus

13. Preocular ridge present; antennae 9-segmented; legs all quite short (tarsi III 48 µm); penial sheath without bifid extensions posteriorly................................................................................... Ri. cryphia

- Preocular ridge absent; antennae 10-segmented; legs all long (tarsi III 85 µm); penial sheath with a pair of bifid extensions posteriorly................................................................................ Ripersiella sp. B .

14. Anterior margin of penial sheath more or less transverse; aedeagus pointed; each flagellar segment of antenna broadest distally........................................................................................... Ri. puhiensis

- Anterior margin of penial sheath U-shaped, extending anteriorly into segment VIII; aedeagus broadening at apex; each flagellar segment of antenna narrowing distally........................................................ Rh. cacticans