Phyllogomphoides nayaritensis Belle, 1987

Torres-Pachón, Mónica, Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo & Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, 2019, A synopsis of Phyllogomphoides Belle, 1970 (Odonata: Gomphidae) of Mexico: taxonomy and distribution, Zootaxa 4634 (1), pp. 1-67 : 29-31

Phyllogomphoides nayaritensis Belle, 1987

Phyllogomphoides nayaritensis Belle, 1987: 11–13 [Entomologische Zeitschrift Mit Insektenborse 97 (1/2)] (♂)

Type. Not examined.

Type repository. Forschunginstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg ( FNS) (Not examined).

Material studied: Total specimens: 7♂♂, 5♀♀, distributed like thus: 1♀ ( DRP), 4♂♂, 2♀♀ ( FSCA), 1♂ ( RWG), 2♂♂, 2♀♀ ( UNAM). MEXICO: Nayarit; stream 10.0 mi. NE San Blas, 26 August 1965, D. Paulson leg., 1♀ ; Rio Santa Cruz at Balneario Nuevo Chapultepec, just E Tecuitata (21º31’03.7’’N, 105º56’52.6’’W), 15 September 2001, D. Paulson et al. leg., 1♀ . Sonora; MX-16, Rio Tacupeto , 22 July 2006, S.W. Dunkle leg., 1♂ ; Sahuaripa municipio, 13 September 2004, D. Paulson et al. leg., 1♂, 1♀ ; Yecora Mun. El Tepoca, arroyo Tepoca up- stream from Hwy 16 bridge [11 am, sunny, over 24 indiv. including copulas in bushes and on rocks] (28º25’48.3’’N, 109º15’25.9’’W), elevation 500m, 17 August 2003, S. Upson leg., 1♂ ; same locality but: 17 September 2003, 1♂ ; same locality but: 14 September 2004, 1♀ ; same locality but: 15 September 2004, 3♂♂, 1♀ .

Description of male. Body brown, with three pale stripes on pterothorax, usually second antehumeral stripe and metepisternal stripe incomplete or absent.

Head: Face mostly pale; labium pale, submentum brown; labrum pale with a vertical, wide, brown band on middle, anterior and posterior border with a black brown stripe; mandibles pale basally, tips black brown; anteclypeus pale with a superior light brown band, postclypeus pale with small, light brown spots inferiorly; lower and upper surface of antefrons brown, postfrons mostly pale, a blackish-brown stripe at the union with vertex; antennal scape and pedicel dark brown with apical rim creamy pale, flagellum brown; vertex dark brown, depressed area between ocelli with a large, quadrate pale spot; occiput dark brown with a large, trapezoid to square, central pale spot, posterior border fringed with long, stiff, reddish-brown setae ( Fig. 25 ).

Thorax: Pronotum reddish-brown, anterior lobe with a pale middorsal spot, a pale middorsal twin-spot on posterior margin of middle and posterior lobes, sometimes these lobes with lateral pale spots. Pterothorax reddish-brown, with three pale stripes as shown in Fig. 25 ; middorsal thoracic carina pale; first antehumeral stripe connected to pale mesothoracic collar forming an inverted “7” reaching border of antealar crest superiorly; second antehumeral stripe absent or reduced to a superior circular spot close to antealar crest; mesepimeral stripe covering most of mesepimeron (90–95%), more or less parallel sided, gradually widening at upper end; metepisternal stripe absent or present, usually absent, when present it is narrow and discontinuous, as a faint pale spot near to spiracle, and forming a circular spot superiorly; metepimeral stripe forming and inverted “L” reaching subalar carina, tapering anteriorly; metaposternum pale; pectus dark brown. Legs: Femora mostly light brown, distally dark reddish-brown, anterior femora broadly pale ventrally; tibia reddish-black, armature black; tarsi and pretarsal claws reddish-black. Wings: Hyaline, tinged with yellowish brown at extreme base, venation black, anterior margin of costae with a continuous well-defined yellow line in all the wings, rarely light brown; second primary antenodal crossvein the 7th in FW, the 6th (left), the 7th (right) in HW; antenodal crossveins: FW 17–22, HW 13–16; postnodal crossveins: FW and HW 11–14; second serie antenodal crossveins: FW 20–21, HW 16; triangles 3-celled, sometimes 2-celled; subtriangles 2-celled in both wings, rarely 3-celled; supratriangles 3-celled, rarely 2-celled; anal triangle 4-celled, rarely 5-celled; pterostigma dark brown.

Abdomen: Reddish-brown on S1–2 reddish-brown, black on S3–7, S8–10 black on dorsum without pale spots. Pale coloration creamy yellow as follows: a middorsal stripe ventral 0.70–0.85 of tergum on S1 and a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.60–0.80 on S1; a middorsal stripe, auricles, a posteroventral, narrow, vertical spot on S2; a middorsal stripe on basal 0.80–0.95 its length, a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.30–0.40 of S3; a middorsal stripe on basal 0.85–0.95 tapering posteriorly, a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.25–0.30 of S4; a middorsal stripe on basal 0.80–0.90 tapering posteriorly, a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.20–0.25 of S5; a middorsal spot on basal 0.10–0.20, a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.15–0.20 of S6; basal half of S7 and sometimes basal 0.70, tapering posteriorly; S8–10 without pale spots. Foliation on S8–9 well-developed and scalloped, foliation on S8 increasing gradually in width caudally, ending in a median rounded lobe which surpasses by 0.40–0.50 mm the anterior margin of S9, its edge with a row of small spines on apical 0.50–0.60 its length, maximum width of foliation 0.45–0.50 mm; foliation on S9 the same width along the entire, smooth margin, 0.40–0.45 mm wide ( Fig. 38 ). Accessory genitalia: Anterior lamina thick, entire, anterior margin straight; in ventral view anterior hamuli tumid anteriorly, apically cleft forming two short, subequal branches, internal branch ending posteriorly in a wide, rounded lobe, external branch wide, and ending ending in a wide and blunt tip directed posteriorly. Posterior hamuli transversally and strongly expanded at midlength, then gradually tapering posteriorly ending in a large, incurved, mesally directed, sharply pointed spine, with long and short stiff yellow setae ( Figs. 59–60 ). Vesica spermalis : V1 bifid with a large tooth on middle, V2–3 of usual type, V4 with 2 relatively short flagella not reaching posterior margin of V1. Caudal appendages: Cerci with long, light brown setae, dorsally pale on apical 0.90–0.95 its length, basal 0.05–0.10 of ventral surface and apices black brown, a dorsomesal tooth more or less acutely pointed, 0.21–0.32 mm length, at basal 0.63–0.70, directed medially, tips flattened laterally; in lateral view, with a large (0.71 mm length), sharply pointed spine at basal 0.20–0.25 of cercus length, tip of cercus produced dorsally into a large, stout, wide spine, and ventrally into a triangular acuminate spine, 0.20–0.30 mm length and shorter than dorsal spine. Epiproct brown and sometimes with a pale spots posteriorly, V-shaped, in lateral view branches strongly up-curved, in dorsal view tips blunt, separated from each other by a distance of 0.75–0.80 mm; in ventral view, each branch with a large, thick, longitudinal carina at basal 0.77 the length of epiproct; in ventral and dorsal views with few, short, white hairs ( Figs. 93–95 ).

Measurements (average in parenthesis): TL, 63–65 (64); AL, 45–47 (46.3); MWh, 8.7; FwL, 38–40 (39); HwL, 36–39 (37.33); FwW, 8–9.16 (8.55); HwW, 10.12–10.5 (10.29); HfL, 7.4; cerci length, 3.0–3.55 (3.27).

Female hitherto unknown. Similar to male, with the following differences: Head: Labrum pale with a vertical small brown band on middle; anteclypeus pale; postclypeus light brown, with pale spots superiorly; lower and upper surface of antefrons light brown with small pale spots superiorly, postfrons mostly pale, a blackish-brown stripe at the union with vertex; antennal scape and pedicel dark brown with apical rim creamy pale; occiput almost pale completely, posterior border fringed with long, stiff, reddish-brown setae. Thorax: Second antehumeral stripe the narrowest, discontinuous, divided into a stripe that covers inferior 0.60–0.70 of mesepisternum’s length, and a superior circular spot close to antealar crest; metepisternal stripe discontinuous, slightly encircling the spiracle, forming a circular spot superiorly. Wings: Hyaline, tinged with brown at extreme base; antenodal crossveins: FW 21, HW 15–17; postnodal crossveins: FW 10–13, HW 12–13; anal triangle 8 to 10-celled. Abdomen: Pale as follows: a middorsal stripe and the ventral 0.85–0.95 of tergum on S1; a middorsal stripe, and a basoventral stripe ocupping 1.0 length on S2; a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.25 of S6. Foliation on S8–9 moderately developed and scalloped, foliation on S8 increasing gradually in width caudally, not surpassing anterior margin of S9, its edge with a row of small spines on apical 0.50–0.60 its length, maximum width of foliation 0.60–0.70 mm; foliation on S9 0.16–0.50 mm wide, its edge with a small to big row of setae ( Fig. 114 ). Vulvar lamina: Short, occupying 0.18 the length of S9; in ventral view ( Fig. 131 ) widely U-shaped, lobes black, trapezoid, the ventral surface irregular and beset with stiff yellowish-brown setae, tips truncate, separated each other by a distance shorter than the basal width of each lobe, posterodorsal margin without a posterodorsal tubercle, semicircular with dim excavations; in lateral view as in Fig. 132 . Caudal appendages: Cerci long, longer than S10, conical, sharply pointed, light yellow. Epiproct dark brown, laminar ending in a tiny blunt; in ventral and dorsal views with many, short, whitish hairs ( Fig. 114 ); sometimes the epiproct is little visible dorsally.

Measurements (average in parenthesis): TL, 65–67.23 (66.11); AL, 47–50 (48.5); MWh, 8.6; FwL, 42–43.5 (42.75); HwL, 40–41.5 (40.75); FwW, 9.16–10.3 (9.73); HwW, 10.75–12.2 (11.47); HfL, 6.5 hind femur; VlL, 0.40–0.42 (0.41); cerci length, 2.0–2.23 (2.11).

Comparative diagnostic notes. This species closely resembles P. pacificus . Phyllogomphoides nayaritensis is the small size, while P. pacificus is from small to medium size. Males can be differentiated from P. pacificus by the following (features of the later in parentheses): anterior hamulus with mesal margin entire, with the apex cleft forming two subequal branches (mesal margin of anterior hamulus broadly emarginate on distal half); posterior hamulus strongly expanded at middle, tapering posteriorly ending in a stout, sharply pointed hook (posterior hamulus is subcylindrical, ending posteriorly in a short, blunt spine). Females foliation on S8 moderately to well-developed, maximum width usually more than 0.25 mm, its ventral margin spiny (foliation on S8 poorly developed, maximum width less than 0.2 mm, its ventral margin smooth and straight). On the other hand, the geographic distribution pattern of P. nayaritensis it is towards to north and center of the Pacific coast (towards to center and south of the Pacific coast). Similarily, P nayaritensis can be separated from other species by the anterior hamulus with mesal margin entire, with the apex cleft forming two subequal branches (mesal margin and apex entire [ P. suasus ]; mesal margin of anterior hamulus broadly emarginate on distal half [ P. indicatrix ]; from P. apiculatus , P. danieli , P. luisi and P. enriquei by the anterior hamulus with mesal margin entire but apex cleft forming two branches (anterior hamulus with mesal margin notched); from P. pugnifer , P. duodentatus and P. bifasciatus by the posterior hamulus strongly expanded at middle, tapering posteriorly ending in a stout, sharply pointed hook; cercus with a large, ventral, subbasal spine; tip of cercus with a dorsal and ventral spine (posterior hamulus subcylindrical, ending posteriorly in a short, blunt spine; cercus without a ventral, subbasal spine; tip of cercus with a dorsal spine, ventrally rounded); from P. albrighti and P. stigmatus by abdominal segments 8–10 mainly black (abdominal segments 8–10 brown with extensive yellow or orange).

Flight season. July, August, and September.

Distribution. Jalisco, Nayarit, Sonora ( Fig. 149 ). Only in Mexico.

Natural history. Both males and females perch near riffles on rocks or branches just above water level along midsize, rocky rivers often with strong flow ( Upson et al. 2007). According to the records, this species has an altitudinal distribution in Mexico from 6 to 1230masl.

Figures

FIGURES 23–29. Head and thorax, lateral view. 23) P. indicatrix, male (alcoholic teneral specimen); 24) P. luisi, male; 25) P. nayaritensis, male; 26) P. pacificus, male; 27) P. pugnifer, male; 28) P. stigmatus, male; 29) P. suasus, male.

FIGURES 37–42. Abdominal segments S8–10 and caudal appendages, left lateral view. 37) P. luisi, male; 38) P. nayaritensis, male; 39) P. pacificus, male; 40) P. pugnifer, male; 41) P. stigmatus, male; 42) P. suasus, male.

FIGURES 53–62. Male accessory genitalia, ventral and ventrolateral view. 53–54) P. enriquei; 55–56) P. indicatrix (alcoholic teneral specimen); 57–58) P. luisi; 59–60) P. nayaritensis; 61–62) P. pacificus.

FIGURES 84–95. Male caudal appendages, dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 84–86) P. enriquei; 87–89) P. indicatrix (teneral preserved in alcohol); 90–92) P. luisi; 93–95) P. nayaritensis.

FIGURES 114–118. Female abdominal segments S8–10 and caudal appendages, left lateral view. 114) P. nayaritensis; 115) P. pacificus; 116) P. pugnifer; 117) P. stigmatus; 118) P. suasus.

FIGURES 131–140. Female vulvar lamina, ventral and ventrolateral view. 131–132) P. nayaritensis; 133–134) P. pacificus; 135–136) P. pugnifer; 137–138) P. stigmatus; 139–140) P. suasus.

FIGURES 149–150. Maps of geographical distribution. 149) P. nayaritensis; 150) P. pacificus.