Phyllogomphoides apiculatus Cook & González, 1990

Torres-Pachón, Mónica, Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo & Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, 2019, A synopsis of Phyllogomphoides Belle, 1970 (Odonata: Gomphidae) of Mexico: taxonomy and distribution, Zootaxa 4634 (1), pp. 1-67 : 14-17

Phyllogomphoides apiculatus Cook & González, 1990

Phyllogomphoides apiculatus Cook & González, 1990: 265 –268 [Odonatologica 19(3)] (♂ and ♀)

Type. Holotype 1♂: México, Nayarit, Acaponeta River, 2 November 1923, J.H. Williamson leg. ( UMMZ); Para- types 1♂: México, Oaxaca, Candelaria, Loxicha, 26 August 1972, E. C. Welling leg. ( RWG); 1♂: México, Sinaloa, Concordia Branch of Rio Presidio on Rt 40, 22 July 1975, S.W. Dunkle leg. ( FSCA); 1♂: México, Nayarit, Aca- poneta River, 2 November 1923, J.H. Williamson leg. ( FSCA). (Material examined).

Type repository. UMMZ. (Material examined).

Material studied: Total specimens: 64♂♂, 15♀♀, distributed like thus: 11♂♂, 2♀♀ ( FSCA), 16♂♂, 8♀♀ ( IEXA), 2♂♂, 1♀ ( RWG), 1♂ ( UMMZ), 34♂♂, 4♀♀ ( UNAM). MEXICO: Chiapas; stream 8.2 mi. NE Arriaga , 25 July 1965, D. Paulson leg., 1♂, 1♀ . Jalisco; ditch 5.9 mi. W Tamazula , 20 August 1965, D. Paulson leg., 1♂; Casimiro Castillo (19º20’36.0’’N, 104º17’.29’’W), elevation 415m, 3 September 2015, J.A. Gómez et al. leg., 1♀ . Michoacán; Coalcomán, La Chichihua (18º44’45’’N, 103º13’16’’W), elevation 1127m, 8 August 2000, R. Novelo et al. leg., 1♂ ; same locality but: 16 September 2003, 1♂, 1♀ ; El Marquéz, Mujica , 7 September 1996, R. Novelo leg., 1♂ ; Municipio Aquila, La Estanzuela , 6 July 1999, L. González leg., 1♂; same locality but: 12 August 1999, 1♂ ; same locality but: 14 August 1999, 3♂♂; same locality but: 15 September 2003, 1♂, 1♀; La Estanzuela, arroyo Los Naranjos (18º35’39.5’’N, 103º27’8.1’’W), elevation 408m, 7 July 2005, R. Novelo et al. leg., 4♂♂, 1♀ ; same locality but: 10 November 2005, 2♂♂; Rio Pinolapa , 7 August 2000, R. Novelo et al. leg., 1♀; same locality but: 12 August 2000, 1♀; Toscano-Arteaga , 17 July 1996, R. Novelo leg., 1♀; Uruapan-Arteaga, Cañada Húmeda Rancho El Zorrillo , 8 September 1996, R. Novelo leg., 1♀ . Nayarit; Acaponeta River, 2 November 1923, J.H. Williamson leg., 2♂♂ (Holotype and Paratype); Jumatán (21º30’34’’N, 104º52’3’’W), elevation 935m, 28 September 1979, R. Lopez leg., 2♂♂, 1♀ ; same locality but: 10 September 1980, E. González-Soriano leg., 28♂♂, 3♀♀; Mecatán , 7 September 1980, E. González leg., 2♂♂; same locality but: 8 September 1980, 6♂♂ ; same locality but: 9 September 1980, 1♂; stream just W Mex. 15 at La Galinda (21º18’39,7’’N, 104º39’31.2’’W), 17 September 2001, D. Paulson leg., 1♂ . Oaxaca; Candelaria, Loxicha (15º55’35’’N, 96º29’34’’W), elevation 500m, 26 August 1972, E. C. Welling leg., 1♂ (Paratype) ; same locality but: 9 September 1973, 1♂; same locality but: 25 August 1982, 1♀; stream 14.0 mi E El Camarón , 26 August 1967, D. Paulson leg., 1♂ . Sinaloa; Concordia Branch of Rio Presidio on Rt 40, 22 July 1975, S.W. Dunkle leg., 2♂♂ (Paratype) .

Description of male. Body brown to dark brown, with five pale stripes on pterothorax.

Head: Face mostly pale; labium pale and submentum light brown; labrum pale with a wide blackish-brown band on anterior border, posterior border brown, with a small, brown U-shaped median spot on middle; mandibles pale basally, tips black brown; anteclypeus brown inferiorly, creamy pale superiorly; postclypeus pale with small spot brown inferiorly; lower surface of antefrons brown, upper of antefrons and postfrons mostly pale, a blackishbrown stripe at the union with vertex; antennal scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum brown; vertex dark brown, depressed area between ocelli with a medium, quadrate pale spot; occiput dark brown with a large to medium, trapezoid, central pale spot, posterior border fringed with long, stiff, reddish-brown setae ( Fig. 18 ).

Thorax: Pronotum reddish-brown, with a pale middorsal spot on anterior and middle lobes, posterior lobe completely brown. Pterothorax reddish-brown, with five pale stripes as show in Fig. 18 ; middorsal thoracic carina pale; first antehumeral stripe connected to pale mesothoracic collar forming an inverted “7” reaching border of antealar crest superiorly; second antehumeral stripe discontinuous and narrow, divided in a stripe that covers inferior 0.60– 0.70 of mesepisternum’s length, and ending in the upper end in a circular spot close to antealar crest; mesepimeral stripe more wider than second antehumeral stripe, covering most of mesepimeron (80–90%), more or less parallelsided and with gradually widening at upper end; metepisternal stripe discontinuous, and ending in the upper end in a circular spot, sometimes this stripe encircling the spiracle; metepimeral stripe forming and inverted “L” reaching subalar carina, widening from middle to posteriorly; metaposternum pale to light brown; pectus mostly grayishyellow, with a large, distal, quadrate brown spot. Legs: Femora light brown to brown, distally dark reddish-brown, anterior femora broadly pale ventrally; tibiae reddish-black, armature black, tarsi and pretarsal claws reddish-black. Wings: Hyaline, tinged with brown at extreme base, venation black brown, anterior margin of costae with a continuos well-defined yellow line in all the wings; second primary antenodal crossveins the 7th in FW, the 7th (left), the 6th (right) in HW; antenodal crossveins FW 18–23, HW 13–20; postnodal crossveins FW 10–15, HW 11–17; second serie antenodal crossveins in FW 19–22 and HW 16–18; triangles usually 3-celled, rarely 4-celled; subtriangles 2- celled, sometimes 3-celled in FW, 2-celled in HW; supratriangles usually 3-celled in both wings, rarely 2-celled in both wings; anal loop 4-celled; anal triangle 4-celled; pterostigma dark brown.

Abdomen: Reddish-brown on S1–2, black on S3–7, S8–10 black brown on dorsum and sometimes light brown at sides. Pale coloration creamy yellow as follows: a middorsal stripe and the ventral 0.60–0.90 of tergum on S1; a middorsal stripe, auricles, and a posteroventral, narrow, vertical spot on S2; a middorsal stripe on basal 0.70–0.80 constricted at basal 0.85 of its length, and a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.30–0.40 of S3; a narrow middorsal stripe on basal 0.80–0.90 tapering posteriorly, a slightly broad basoventral spot on basal 0.15–0.20 of S4; a middorsal stripe on basal 0.20–0.40 tapering posteriorly, a slightly broad basoventral spot on basal 0.15–0.20 of S5; a middorsal spot on basal 0.10–0.15 its length, a slightly broad basoventral spot on basal 0.10–0.20 of S6; basal half of S7, sometimes more than half (0.70–0.80) of S7; S8, S9 and S10 without pale spots. Foliation on S8–9 moderately developed and scalloped, foliation on S8 increasing gradually in width caudally, ending in a rounded lobe which surpasses by 0.30–0.45 mm the anterior margin of S9, the edge of this foliation with a row of small spines on apical 0.30–0.40 of its length, maximum width of foliation 0.50–0.75 mm; foliation on S9 0.35–0.45 mm wide, same width along the entire margin, edge smooth ( Fig. 31 ). Accessory genitalia: Anterior lamina thick, entire, anterior margin straight; in ventral view anterior hamuli tumid basally, almost twice as wide at base than the widely, entire, rounded apex, mesal margin notched at basal 0.65 (notch width 0.02–0.06 mm), with a large, semicircular, excavate area on external surface; posterior hamuli subcylindrical, its inner edge convex, ending in a long, sharp tip directed mesally, with abundant long and short yellow to light brown hairs ( Figs. 45–46 ). Vesica spermalis : V1 bifid with a small tooth on middle, V2–3 of usual type, V4 with 2 relatively short flagella not reaching posterior margin of V1. Caudal appendages: Cerci, with moderately long setae, dorsally pale on apical 0.80–0.90 its length, basal 0.10–0.20 of ventral surface, and apices mostly black brown, a stout, dorsomesal tooth with a blunt tip, at basal 0.65–0.75 and directed mesally, 0.30–0.50 mm length; in lateral view tip of cercus strongly produced dorsally in a large and wide spine, ventrally produced into an acuminate spine, 0.23–0.37 mm length; a short, ventral, subbasal spine, 0.08–0.26 mm length, at basal 0.15–0.20, best seen in ventrolateral view. Epiproct brown with few, short, whitish hairs; in dorsal view sometimes paler on distal half, V-shaped, tips sharp, separated from each other by a distance of 0.55–0.90 mm; in lateral view, branches strongly up-curved ( Figs. 72–74 ).

Measurements (average in parenthesis): TL, 62.06–69 (64.05); AL, 44–53.33 (46.56); MWh, 8.1–8.5 (8.33); FwL, 36–39 (38.03); HwL, 35–38 (36.41); FwW, 7.58–9.16 (8.47); HwW, 9.58–11 (10.26); HfL, 6.1–6.9 (6.43); cerci length, 2.91–3.55 (3.25).

Female. Similar to male, with the following differences: Pale coloration is more flashy. Thorax: Sometimes second antehumeral stripe and metepisternal stripe discontinuos; metepisternal stripe very variable, complete or discontinuous, encircling the spiracle, and forming a circular spot superiorly; metepimeral stripe continuous or discontinuous forming and inverted “L” reaching subalar carina, widening from midlength to posterior margin of metepimeron. Wings: Slightly darker than in male; antenodal crossveins FW 19–25, HW 14–18; postnodal crossveins FW 11–15, HW 12–17; supratriangles 3-celled in both wings (rarely 2 or 4-celled in HW); anal triangle 5 to 7-celled. Abdomen: A middorsal stripe on basal 0.90 constricted at basal 0.85 of its length, and a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.40 of S3; a middorsal stripe on basal 0.60–0.80 tapering posteriorly of S5; S6 without pale spot; sometimes a pale spot on anterior lateral border of S8. Foliation on S8–9 slightly wide and scalloped, foliation on S8 increasing gradually in width caudally, ending in a slightly rounded lobe which surpasses slightly by 0.15–0.35 mm the anterior margin of S9, the edge of this foliation with a row of small spines on apical 0.50–0.60 of its length, maximum width of foliation 0.45–0.90; foliation on S9 0.23–0.60 mm wide, the same width along the entire margin and smaller than S8, inferior margin with a row of small spines on apical 0.40–0.50 of its length ( Fig. 109 ). Vulvar lamina: Small, occupying 0.18 the length of S9 length; in ventral ( Fig. 121 ) view widely U-shaped, lobes triangular, reddish-black, with the most ventral margin black and beset with stiff light brown setae, tips separated each other by a distance greater than the basal width of each lobe, dorsal margin concave without a posterodorsal tubercle; in lateral view as in Fig. 122 . Caudal appendages: Cerci long, conical, sharply pointed, longer than S10, with abundant short setae, mostly pale, only basal 0.10–0.15 dark brown ( Fig. 109 ). Epiproct dark brown; laminar-shape ending amply rounded at the tip, directed ventrally; in ventral and dorsal views with few, short, whitish hairs and sometimes the epiproct little visible dorsally.

Measurements (average in parenthesis): TL, 57.33–68.37 (63.11); AL, 41–55 (47); MWh, 8.7–8.9 (8.83); FwL, 38–45 (41.4); HwL, 36–43 (39.72); FwW, 8.2–10 (9.43); HwW, 10–12 (11.54); HfL, 6.4–6.6 (6.53); VlL, 0.34–0.50 (0.41); cerci length, 2.0–2.37 (2.19).

Comparative diagnostic notes. This species closely resembles P. danieli . Both species are from medium to large size. Males can be differentiated from P. danieli by the following (features of the later in parentheses): pale second antehumeral and metepisternal stripes abbreviated (pale second antehumeral and metepisternal stripes continuous); mesal portion of anterior hamule tumid or bulbous (mesal portion of anterior hamule more flattened or planar). Females cerci shorter than dorsal length of S9 and dark brown at extreme base (as long or little longer than dorsal length of S9 and creamy pale). On the other hand, the geographic distribution pattern of P. apiculatus it is towards the center and south of the Pacific coast (towards to Trans-Mexican volcanic belt). Similarily, P apiculatus can be separated from other species by the mesal margin of anterior hamulus notched (mesal margin and apex entire [ P. suasus ], mesal margin of anterior hamulus broadly emarginate on distal half [ P. pacificus and P. indicatrix ]); from P. luisi and P. enriquei by the anterior hamule lacking any kind of tooth or hook on mesal margin (anterior hamule with tooth or hook on mesal margin), and from the remaining species by the anterior hamulus with mesal margin notched and apex entire and rounded (anterior hamulus with mesal margin entire, with the apex cleft forming two subequal branches).

Flight season. July, August, September, October (No record, but this is supposed because it is the period of low precipitation range), and November.

Distribution. Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa ( Fig. 142 ). Only in Mexico.

Natural history. The type locality (Jumatán River, Nayarit State) “was characterized for riparian vegetation along stream, the river bed is rocky, and current rather rapid at this site from effects of the waterfall. The males of P. apiculatus fly close of the surface of the water and generally upstream toward the waterfall. The places with vegetation at the river edges in shaded areas are favorable for the copulation” ( Cook & Gonzalez-Soriano 1990). According to the records, this species has an altitudinal distribution in Mexico from 27 to 1158masl.

Figures

FIGURES 17–22. Head and thorax, lateral view. 17) P. albrighti, male; 18) P. apiculatus, male; 19) P. bifasciatus, female; 20) P. danieli, male; 21) P. duodentatus, male; 22) P. enriquei, male.

FIGURES 30–36. Abdominal segments S8–10 and caudal appendages, left lateral view. 30) P. albrighti, male; 31) P. apiculatus, male; 32) P. bifasciatus, male; 33) P. danieli, male; 34) P. duodentatus, male; 35) P. enriquei, male; 36) P. indicatrix, male (alcoholic teneral specimen).

FIGURES 43–52. Male accessory genitalia, ventral and ventrolateral view. 43–44) P. albrighti; 45–46) P. apiculatus; 47–48) P. bifasciatus; 49–50) P. danieli; 51–52) P. duodentatus.

FIGURES 69–83. Male caudal appendages, dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 69–71) P. albrighti; 72–74) P. apiculatus; 75–77) P. bifasciatus; 78–80) P. danieli; 81–83) P. duodentatus.

FIGURES 108–113. Female abdominal segments S8–10 and caudal appendages, left lateral view. 108) P. albrighti; 109) P. apiculatus; 110) P. bifasciatus; 111) P. danieli; 112) P. duodentatus; 113) P. luisi.

FIGURES 119–130. Female vulvar lamina, ventral and ventrolateral view. 119–120) P. albrighti; 121–122) P. apiculatus; 123–124) P. bifasciatus; 125–126) P. danieli; 127–128) P. duodentatus; 129–130) P. luisi.

FIGURES 141–142. Maps of geographical distribution. 141) P. albrighti; 142) P. apiculatus.