Pterostichus (Orientostichus) liyuani, Yin & Zhu & Shi, 2023

Yin, Wenqi, Zhu, Pingzhou & Shi, Hongliang, 2023, Taxonomic study on the subgenus Orientostichus, the Pterostichus pulcher species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichus), ZooKeys 1175, pp. 163-185 : 163

Pterostichus (Orientostichus) liyuani sp. nov.

Figs 4 , 10 , 16 , 22 , 26 , 36 Chinese vernacular name: 李圆通缘步甲

Type locality.

China, Sichuan province: Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Puge county, Luojishan mountain (27.33N, 102.44E, alt 3500 m).

Type material.

Holotype: ♂: "China, Sichuan province, Liangshan autonomous prefecture, Puge county, Luojishan mountain", "N27.3355, E102.4461, 3500 m, pitfall trap by Li Yuan, 2022.VII.26", "HOLOTYPE ♂ Pterostichus (Orientostichus) liyuani sp. nov. det. Yin & Shi, 2022" [red label]; Paratypes (a total of 64 ♂ and 72 ♀): 18 ♂ and 15 ♀ (CHYL): the same data as holotype but labeled as paratype; 8 ♂ and 7 ♀: "China: Sichuan, Liangshan Dist., Puge county, Luojishan, tourist path, mixed forest, 2805 m, N27.58253 E102.39497", "by pitfall trap, 2012.VI.10, Huang Hao lgt., Institute of Zoology, CAS", "PARATYPE of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) liyuani sp. nov. det. Yin & Shi, 2022" [red label]; 6 ♂ and 29 ♀: "China: Sichuan prov., Puge County, Shuihaizi wind power station, meadow + rhodo + fir. 3515 m, N27.3355, E102.4461", "2018.VII.21, pitfall trap. Shi HL, Yan WF, Zhu PZ & Jiang ZY lgt., IZAS & BJFU exp. 2018", "PARATYPE of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) liyuani sp. nov. det. Yin & Shi, 2022" [red label]; 1 ♂: "China: Sichuan prov, Zhaojue county, Mufoshan mountain. peak. Rhododendron shrub + alpine meadow.", "N28.0685, E102.7870, 3485 m. pitfall trap. 2015.VII.27. Shi HL, Liu B & Ma YL lgt.", "PARATYPE of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) liyuani sp. nov. det. Yin & Shi, 2022" [red label]; 26 ♂ and 18 ♀: "China: Sichuan, Liangshan Dist., Puge county, Luojishan, near No. 1 glacial groove, mixed forest, 3470 m, N27.58445, E103.7913", "by pitfall trap, 2012.VI.10, Huang Hao lgt., Institute of Zoology, CAS", "PARATYPE of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) liyuani sp. nov. det. Yin & Shi, 2022" [red label]; 5 ♂ and 3 ♀: "China, Sichuan, Puge, Luojishan Mt., near ropeway upper station, 3595 m, N27.58108, E102.38012", "2012.VI.10, pitfall trap, under rhododendra forest, Shi Hongliang & Liu Ye leg. Institute of Zoology, CAS.", "PARATYPE of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) liyuani sp. nov. det. Yin & Shi, 2022" [red label].

Diagnosis.

Elytral intervals 3 and 5 each with ≥ 3 large foveate discal pores, interval 7 without discal pore. Antennomere 3 without accessory setae. Pronotum subcordate, with lateral margins nearly straight before posterior angles (Fig. 10 ); lateral margins with 2-4 mid-lateral setae; pronotal disc with shallow but distinct transverse wrinkles. Male sternite VII with a very small smooth tubercle (Fig. 36 ). Apical lamella of aedeagus short, apex rounded, LL/LW = 1.9-2.1 (Fig. 16 ); endophallus with spiral-shaped bsp (Figs 22 , 26 ).

Comparison.

From the external features, P. liyuani sp. nov. is most similar to another new species P. condylus sp. nov. These two species can be easily distinguished from P. pemphis sp. nov., P. leo sp. nov. and P. orbicollis sp. nov. by antennomere 3 without accessory setae and quite different pronotal shape, and from P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro and P. jialini sp. nov. by interval 7 without discal pores.

Although these two new species are very similar to each other, P. liyuani sp. nov. is distinguishable from P. condylus sp. nov. by: (1) the sexual modification on male sternite VII is quite small and inconspicuous of P. liyuani sp. nov. (Fig. 36 ), while the latter species has larger and more well-defined tubercle on sternite VII (Fig. 37 ); (2) the pronotal disc is more evidently wrinkled in P. liyuani sp. nov., but the latter species at most has very faint wrinkles; (3) the pronotal lateral margin is hardly sinuate in P. liyuani sp. nov. (Fig. 10 ), but evidently sinuate in the latter species (Fig. 11 ); (4) comparing to P. liyuani sp. nov. (Fig. 16 ), in P. condylus sp. nov. (Fig. 17 ) the apical lamella of male genitalia is a little narrower, slightly narrowed near base and more truncated at apex; (5) the endophallus of P. liyuani sp. nov. has spiral shaped bsp with apex of right branch extended and bent reversely (Figs 22 , 26 ) which is unique among this species group, while the latter species has a U-shaped bsp (Figs 23 , 27 ).

Description.

BL = 14.7-18.5 mm, BW = 5.3-6.5 mm, dorsal surface and appendages black, elytra often a little reddish brown. Antennomere 3 without accessory setae, only with primary setae forming apical ring. Pronotum subcordate, PW/PL = 1.24-1.28, widest near anterior 1/3; anterior margin wider than posterior margin; slightly narrowed to base (PBW/PW = 0.71-0.75); lateral margins evenly arched from anterior angles to middle, hardly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles nearly rectangular, apex not dentate; lateral margins with 2-4 mid-lateral setae near maximum width; basal foveae often with slightly transverse wrinkles, inner and outer grooves straight, partly fused, outer groove slightly longer than 1/2 length of inner groove, area between them slightly depressed; disc with shallow but distinct transverse wrinkles aside median line. Elytra oblong; parascutellar pore usually absent, but present in one specimen from Zhaojue; intervals 3 and 5 each with ≥ 3 foveate discal pores; interval 7 without discal pore. Male sternite VII with an inconspicuous tubercle on middle, very small and smooth (Fig. 36 ). Median lobe of aedeagus stout, strongly curved near basal 1/3; apical lamella gradually dilated and deflected ventrally; apical lamella slightly twisted longitudinally, relatively long (LL/LW = 1.9-2.1), apex rounded (Fig. 16 ). Endophallus long, straightly directed ventrally, gonopore opened to ventral-basal direction of aedeagus; vb distinct, oblate, rounded at both apexes; bsp spiral-shaped, deeply grooved, apex of right branch strongly extended and bent reversely (Figs 22 , 26 ).

Remarks.

The only examined specimen from Zhaojue county is different from other ones from Puge county for its elytral parascutellar pores present. It is interesting because most specimens of this species group have no parascutellar pores, but these pores are present only in some specimens collected from Zhaojue of two not closely related species, P. liyuani sp. nov. and P. pemphis sp. nov.

Distribution.

This species is known from two localities in Puge county and Zhaojue county, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Fig. 42 ).

Etymology.

This new species is named for Mr. Yuan Li, who contributed large number of specimens for the present study including many ones of this new species.

Figures

Figure 42. Distribution of the taxa of Pterostichus pulcher species group in Sichuan province, China. Brown: P. pemphis sp. nov. Yellow: P. orbicollis sp. nov. Red: P. leo sp. nov. Purple: P. liyuani sp. nov. Blue: P. condylus sp. nov. Green: P. jialini sp. nov. Orange: P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro.

Figures 1 - 6. Habitus and labels of Pterostichus pulcher species group 1 P. pemphis sp. nov., holotype 2 P. orbicollis sp. nov., holotype 3 P. leo sp. nov., holotype 4 P. liyuani sp. nov., holotype 5 P. condylus sp. nov., holotype 6 P. jialini sp. nov., holotype. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figures 7 - 12. Pronota of Pterostichus pulcher species group 7 P. pemphis sp. nov., holotype 8 P. orbicollis sp. nov., holotype 9 P. leo sp. nov., holotype 10 P. liyuani sp. nov., holotype 11 P. condylus sp. nov., holotype 12 P. jialini sp. nov., holotype. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 13 - 18. Male genitalia of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view and dorsal view of median lobe of aedeagus 13 P. pemphis sp. nov., holotype 14 P. orbicollis sp. nov., holotype 15 P. leo sp. nov., holotype 16 P. liyuani sp. nov., holotype 17 P. condylus sp. nov., holotype 18 P. jialini sp. nov., holotype. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 19 - 24. Endophallus of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view and right lateral view 19 P. pemphis sp. nov., paratype from Zhaojue county 20 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 21 P. leo sp. nov., paratype from Shizishan mountain, Jinyang county 22 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 23 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 24 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county. Scale bar: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe.

Figures 25 - 30. 25 - 28 endophallus bsp of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view 25 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 26 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 27 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 28 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county 29, 30 Endophallus of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) spp., left lateral view and right lateral view 29 P. prattii Bates, 1890, a male from Sanming city, Fujian province 30 P. curtatus Fairmaire, a male from Heqing county, Yunnan province. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe.

Figures 34 - 39. Male sternum VII of Pterostichus pulcher species group spp. 34 P. pemphis sp. nov., holotype 35 P. orbicollis sp. nov., holotype 36 P. liyuani sp. nov., holotype 37 P. condylus sp. nov., holotype 38 P. jialini sp. nov., holotype 39 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, holotype. Scale bar: 1 mm.