Hendrella Munro, 1938

Namin, S. Mohamadzade, Moeinadini, A. & Madjdzadeh, S. M., 2017, A New Species Of Hendrella (Diptera, Tephritidae) From South-Eastern Iran, Vestnik Zoologii (Vestn. Zool.) 51 (3), pp. 215-220 : 216

Hendrella Munro, 1938

Type species: Trypeta caloptera Loew, 1850 .

Tephrella: Hendel, 1927: 113 (misidentification). — Hendrella Munro, 1938: 117 ; Foote, 1984: 93 (catalogue); Korneyev 1989: 87 (key and revision of 7 species); Norrbom et al., 1999: 157 (catalogue).

D e s c r i p t i o n. H e a d in profile slightly higher than long. Frons narrowing from ocellar triangle to lunule and with fine yellowish setulae on anterior half. Eye oval. Gena narrower than length of antenna. Antenna somewhat shorter than face, first flagellomere rounded or pointed apicodorsally, less than twice as long as wide, arista with short pubescence. Proboscis capitate, palp unmodified. Two pairs of dark and rarely an additional white frontal and two orbital setae present; posterior orbital seta whitish yellow and reclinate; medial vertical seta brown to black; lateral vertical seta white, shorter than anterior orbital seta. Postocular setae mixed long and short.

Thorax. Ground color yellowish brown to dark brown with notopleural area yellow. Dorsocentral setae situated near transverse suture; posterior notopleural seta concolorous with anterior one. Scutellum microtrichose, with one pair of setae. Anepimeral seta black, brown or yellow. Scutal setulae white.

Wing. Aciura - type pattern including yellowish brown to dark brown pattern with several hyaline spots. Vein R 1 dorsally with a gap in row of setulae at level of Sc apex. Costal vein with 1–2 strong setae before costal break, costal setae not more than 1.5 times as long as width of costa; cell r 1 with 1–2 marginal hyaline spots. Distance between crossveins r-m and dm-cu slightly longer than r-m crossvein. Cell bcu with short posteroapical extension.

A b d o m e n. Yellowish brown to completely black. Epandrium oval with non-modified surstyli; two pairs of prensisetae present; preglans area of phallus bare; subapical lobe of glans neither sclerotized nor trumpet-like; glans with conspicuously sclerotized basal part; apical membranous lobes shorter than basal sclerotized part. Dorsal side of eversible membrane with a medial bare groove between two rows of scales; scales on ventral side of eversible membrane forming narrow isolated stripe. Aculeus pointed apically.

Diagnosis. Hendrella is similar to Tephrella sharing similar wing pattern and presence of 2–3 frontal and two orbital and only one scutellar setae, differing from it by having two frontal setae (sometimes a short white seta anterior to them) and posterior orbital seta whitish yellow (2–3 large frontal setae in Tephrella and posterior orbital seta is brown). In Hendrella , dorsocentral setae are situated at suture, whereas in Tephrella they are closer to supraalar setae.

T a x o n o m i c p o s i t i o n. Norrbom et al. (1999) classified the tribe Tephritini into six main groups and included Hendrella in Spathulina group of the Tephritini . Korneyev (1999) studied cladistic relationships of Tephritinae and placed the genera allied to Oedaspis , Hendrella , Dithryca and Eurosta in Dithrycini . Monophyly of Dithrycini is supported by a unique pattern of scales on the eversible membrane and similarity of aculeus shape ( Korneyev, 1999). In addition, all known host plants of Dithrycini belong to the tribe Anthemideae ( Achillea , Artemisia and Santolina ).

Molecular studies based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA showed that Nearctic Eurosta and Aciurina are not closely related to the genus Oedaspis and the Dithrycini ( Han et al., 2006) , but most diagnostic characters of Hendrella still support its placement in Dithrycini ( Korneyev, 1999; Korneyev et al., 2004). Hancock (2001) assigned Oedaspis and related genera to the subtribe Platensinina and noted that Hendrella had been included in the subtribe Dithrycina by Korneyev (1999).

Biology. Most species of Hendrella have been collected by sweeping from Artemisia ( Asteraceae , Anthemideae ) stands. The only hitherto reared species, H.sordida V. Korneyev, 1989 was reared from monothalamic galls on branches of Artemisia proceraeformis Krasch. ; adults emerge in late July or August and apparently overwinter ( Basov, Korneyev, 1987: fig. 1 , 2 ; Korneyev, 1989; V. Korneyev, pers. comm.). In addition, H. caloptera was collected by sweeping on Artemisia sp. near limonifolia ( Korneyev et al., 2004). The life history of other Hendrella species remains almost unknown but they are suspected to induce stem or rhizome galls in other Artemisia species.

Figures

Fig. 1. Hendrella kermanensis sp. n.: 1 — holotype, male, habitus, left; 2 — same, dorsal view; 3 — epandrium and hypandrium, lateral left view; 4 — epandrium, posterior view; 5 — ejaculatory apodeme; 6 — glans of phallus, dorsolateral view.

Fig. 2. Hendrella kermanensis sp. n. (1, 3) and H. caloptera (2): 1, 2 — wing (arrows show difference in coloration of costal cell); 3 — galls on Artemisia aucheri (collected together with flies).