Tripanda (Tenerva) decorata ( Jensen-Haarup, 1937 ) Jensen-Haarup, 1937

Kment, Petr & Jindra, Zden Ě K, 2009, A revision of Tripanda and Tenerva (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae), Zootaxa 1978, pp. 1-47 : 39-43

Tripanda (Tenerva) decorata ( Jensen-Haarup, 1937) comb. nov.

( Figs. 8 , 18–20, 25–26 , 31 , 45–49 , 51 –52, 56, 72–75, 79, 83, 93, 100, 104, 117, 136–137, 140–146)

Veterna decorata Jensen-Haarup, 1937: 322. Description.

Veterna decorata : Weidner (1972): 124. List of types.

Tripanda signitenens auct.: Linnavuori & van Harten (2002): 184. Faunistics [accepted]. Tripanda signitenens auct.: Linnavuori & van Harten (2006): 173. Faunistics [revised!]. Tripanda signitenens auct.: Rider (2006): 264. Distribution (partim).

Type locality. Namibia, Tanga.

Type material. LECTOTYPE (Fig, 136): ɗ, ‘ Type [p, pink label] // Tanga / 5.4.[18]93 [hw, white label] / / 325. [hw, white label] // Type / J=Hrp. [p, white label] // H. Brauns leg. / vend. 21.III.1894 / Lethierry determ. 93 [p, white label] // Veterna / decorata / J.Hrp. [hw] / Jensen-Haarup det. [p, white label] // A.C. Jensen- / Haarup / determ. 1931-32 [p, white label] // LECTOTYPUS / VETERNA / DECORATA / Jensen- Haarup, 1937 / des. P. Kment & Z. Jindra 2008 [p, red label]’ ( ZMUH). Here designated. The lectotype is pinned through scutellum; its pronotum slightly detached, hemelytra (except of left clavus) and tarsomeres 2 and 3 of both fore legs missing, pygophore partly extracted.

PARALECTOTYPE: ɗ, ‘ Type [p, pink label] // Farm Neitsas / Bez[irk]. [= district] Grootfontain / D.S.W. Afrika [p, white label] // Dr. med. G. Fock lg. 0 7 / ded 20 11.1908. [p, white label] // Type / J=Hrp. [p, white label] // A.C. Jensen- / Haarup / determ. 1931-32 [p, white label] // PARALECTOTYPUS / VETERNA / DECORATA / Jensen-Haarup, 1937 / des. P. Kment & Z. Jindra 2008 [p, red label]’ ( ZMUH). The paralectotype is pinned through right hemelytron; abdomen (including pygophore) not fully sclerotized, partly shrunken.

Additional material examined. NAMIBIA: Otjiwarongo, Farm Abechus, 23.i. [19]44, 1 Ψ, 15.- 20. ii.1942, 1 Ψ, both G. Hobhom lgt. ( ZMUH). NAMIBIA (NW): 50 km NW of Oshakati, Ogongo Agriculture College campus, 16.-30. iv.2005, 1 ɗ, 8ΨΨ, Z. Jindra lgt. ( ZJPC, NMPC, MNHN). SOUTH AFRICA: Natal: Itala Game Res., Louwsburg, 10.-23. xii.1992, 1 Ψ, F. Koch lgt. ( ZMHB). Transvaal: Kruger National Park, Páfuri env., 22.268S, 31.12E, light trap, 23. i.1984, 2 ɗɗ, I. M. Millar lgt. ( SANC); Pretoria, Roodeplaat 25.40S 28.18E, light trap, 22. xi.1977, 1 ɗ, no collector ( SANC); Rustenburg, 11. xii.1968, 1 ɗ, A. L. Carpenter lgt. ( SANC); Borakalalo Nature Reserve, Moretele camp, 960 m a.s.l., 25.07,2S, 27.47,3E, 8. vi.1986, 2 ΨΨ, R. Stals lgt. ( SANC). YEMEN: Abyan: Al Kowd, N 13°05' E 45°22', xi.-xii.2000, 2 ΨΨ; i.–ii.2001, 4 ɗɗ, 3 ΨΨ; iii.2001, 2 ɗɗ, 1 Ψ, all van Harten & Al Haruri lgt., R. Linnavuori det. as T. signitenens ( NMWC). Al Mahrah: Hawf NE Al Ghaydah, 200–730 m a.s.l., N 16°40' E 53°05' 14ʺ, x.2005, 2 ΨΨ, J. Halada lgt. ( MMBC, NMPC). ZAMBIA (N): Zambia-Tanzania border, Tanganyika lake env., 30 km N of Mbala, Kalambo Falls, 900 m a.s.l., at light, 27. xi.2006, 1 ɗ, Z. Jindra lgt. ( ZJPC). (NE): 25 km SE Mukuku, 29. xi.2004, 1 Ψ, Snížek & Tichý lgt. ( NHMW). ZIMBABWE: (NE): 20-30 km E and NE of Shamva, Nyagui river, 15.-16. xii.1998, 1 Ψ, S. Bečvář lgt. ( MMBC). (S): Bubi river valley, 70 km NE of Beitbridge, 8. xii.1998, 1 Ψ, F. Kantner lgt. ( ZJPC). (SE): Matabeleland, Matopos National Park, about 1300 m a.s.l., 20°33'S, 28°30'E, 28.-30. xi.1993, 1 Ψ, J. Deckert lgt. ( ZMHB). (?): S. Rhodesia, Yumba Mts., Nat. Museum S. Rhodesia, Brit. Mus. 1968-211, xi.1956, 1 Ψ( BMNH).

Redescription. Colouration ( Fig. 137 ). Body dorsally brown-ochraceous, ventral surface and appendages ochraceous; head and especially anterior part of pronotal disc darker, humeral angles with slight orange to red tinge; antennomeres 4–5 slightly darkened; eyes brown to dark brown with silver luster; base of clypeus laterally with very narrow black lines; two median callosities on pronotum ivory to ochraceous; scutellum basally often with three small dark spots consisting of black punctures (one medially, one sublaterally on each side); lateral margin of connexival segments yellowish, sublaterally with reddish stripe; abdominal spiracles concolorous to black; hemelytra with irregular dark reticulation consisting of dark punctures; membrane translucent, veins concolorous to brownish; very small spots on posterolateral corners of connexival segments, apex of rostrum, and apical halves of claws black.

Structure. Head ( Fig. 8 ) medially as long as or very slightly longer than wide across eyes; head in front of eyes parabolic, paraclypei slightly insinuated in front of eyes, slightly narrowed in median third, then parabolically rounded medially; clypeus and paraclypei not depressed before apex. Dorsal surface of head densely covered with coarse, concolorous punctures. Antenniferes hardly visible from above. Antennomere 1 slightly slender than antennomere 5 at its widest diameter; antennomere 5 stoutest. Ventral surface of head covered with concolorous punctures.

Pronotum ( Figs. 19–20 , 137 ) medially about as long as head; anterior angles rectangular to slightly pointed; lateral margins nearly rounded, with only slightly developed edge, shallowly concave before humeral angles; humeral angles more or less sharply triangularly produced laterally, sometimes also slightly anteriorly, narrowly rounded to nearly spinous; lateral margins behind humeral angles convex, nearly gradually narrowing posteriorly towards base of scutellum, slightly incised before base of scutellum; posterior pronotal margin straight. Disc of pronotum bearing a pair of impunctate cicatrices and medially behind them a pair of impunctate, oval to nearly round, horizontally oriented, not elevated callosities ( Figs. 25–26 ). Surface of pronotum covered with coarse concolorous to black punctures, more dense in its anterior part and on humeral angles; spaces among punctures convex, in posterior pronotal part usually forming transverse wrinkles, much rarely also very small, not elevated callosities; median callose line very narrow, sometimes hardly visible.

Scutellum triangular, about as long as wide at base, slightly insinuated before apex; apex narrowly rounded. Surface covered with coarse, mostly concolorous, rarely brownish to black punctures; spaces among punctures more or less convex, forming transverse wrinkles.

Hemelytra. Clavi narrow, anteriorly with 4–6 rows of punctures (inner ones irregular). Surface covered with irregular coarse concolorous to dark brown punctures; dark brown punctures forming irregular rows ( Fig. 137 ).

Thorax ventrally (except of evaporatoria) covered with large concolorous to dark punctures. Evaporatorium with very shallow, irregular gyrification.

Abdomen. Distinctly narrower than pronotum. Abdominal dorsum red, with dense, small, shallow, concolorous punctures. Connexivum very wide, almost entire visible from above, posterolateral angles of segments hardly protruding from the connexival outline; dorsal surface covered with dense, concolorous to brown punctures. Abdominal venter convex, covered with sparse, shallow, concolorous to pale brown punctures.

Male genitalia. Lateral sides of the pygophore nearly parallel in ventral view ( Fig. 45 ); posterolateral angles narrowly produced in lateral view, with apices slightly curved ventrally ( Fig. 46 ); ventral wall of pygophore markedly gibbous in lateral view ( Fig. 46 ); ventral rim of pygophore medially with small triangular projection ( Figs. 45, 47 ). Base of dorsal sclerites not projected, wide; sclerites small, nearly oval with parabolically produced apex (Figs. 72–77). Parameres with large flat blade with one low dorsal ridge-like and one lateral finger-like projection ( Figs. 78–79, 82–83 ); apex of the paramere blade rounded ( Figs. 79, 83 , 140–141 ). Phallus small ( Fig. 93 ).

Female genitalia. Spermatheca ( Fig. 104 ). Apical receptacle larger than in T. collaris ( Fig. 117 ).

Measurements (see Table 1 ; mm). Body length 7.8–9.5 (males) / 9.0–12.1 (females).

Variation. The specimens examined differ slightly in intensity of orange and reddish tones on head margins in front of eyes, humeral angles and connexival margins; the colouration of pronotal callosities (ivory to ochraceous) and veins of membrane (concolorous to brown); the colouration of punctures on dorsal surface; and development of small callosities or more or less distinct transverse wrinkles on surface of posterior part of pronotal disc; the three groups of dark punctures behind the base of scutellum missing, or only the lateral ones present. There is also distinct variation of the shape of head outline, shape of humeral angles (being more or less sharply triangular, and sometimes also slightly produced anteriorly), and lengths of antennomeres (antennomeres 2 and 3 equally long, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, or antennomeres 2 and 4 equally long). In the male from Kalambo Falls the antennomeres 3 are very short (lengths of antennomeres 1 – 0.4–0.45, 2 – 0.85, 3 – 0.45, 4 – 1.0, 5 – 1.05–1.1).

Teratology. We examined one aberrant male from Al Kowd ( Yemen) with atrophied right posterolateral corner of the abdomen ( Fig. 48 ), which resulted also in the deformation of the right posterolateral angle of the pygophore ( Fig. 49 ).

Differential diagnosis. Tripanda decorata is most similar to Madagascan T. decorata , both differing substantially from all Tripanda s. str. species by the posterolateral angles of pygophore projected and apically curved ventrally, structure of the paramere, and especially by the differences in the structure of spermatheca. Tripanda decorata differs from T. collaris by its larger size and the following characters: Body dorsally brown-ochraceous, body margins often with orange to reddish tinge; median pronotal callosities ivory to ochraceous, distinctly paler than surrounding pronotum ( Figs. 136–137 ), shorter and wider, oval ( Figs. 25–26 ). Humeral angles of pronoum wider, less pointed ( Figs. 18–20 ). Ventral rim of pygophore medially with small triangular projection ( Figs. 45, 47 ); projected posterolateral angles of pygophore longer, ventral wall of pygophore more gibbous in lateral view ( Fig. 46 ); apex of paramere blade rounded ( Figs. 79, 83 , 140–141 ). Phallus ( Fig. 93 ). For distinguishing from the sympatric T. signitenens , the following external differences should be helpful: dorsal surface colouration lacking vivid orange tinge, small elevated callosities on posterior part of pronotal disc usually and on scutellum always missing, instead of shallow transverse wrinkles.

Bionomics. The material from Yemen (Al Kowds) was collected in light trap placed on the first floor of the regional agricultural office in the middle of an agricultural area where mainly fruit crops (mango, banana, guava), sorghum, cotton, sesame and some vegetables are grown (Lelej & van Harten 2006). Also the specimens from Ogongo campus ( Namibia), Kalambo Falls ( Zambia), Kruger National Park and Pretoria ( South Africa) were collected at ligth. Both intensive sweeping and beating of the vegetation during the day at Ogongo and Kalambo Falls brought no result. The Ogongo campus covers about 300–500 ha of small experimental fields, orchards (all irrigated), and buildings. Most of the houses have small gardens with ornamental as well as fruit trees, bordered with hedges. The campus is surrounded by dry bush with scattered trees (especially acacias) ( Figs. 144–145 ). For the description of the locality Kalambo Falls ( Figs. 142–143 ) see T. signitenens . Tripanda decorata was found between 200–730 m above sea level at Hawf ( Yemen), about 900 m a.s.l. at Kalambo Falls, 960 m a.s.l. in Borakalalo Nature Reserve ( South Africa), and at 1300 m a.s.l. in Matopos National Park ( Zimbabwe). In South Africa, the adults were collected in January, February, April, June, November, and December ( Jensen-Haarup 1937; this paper); in Yemen it was collected continually from October to May with lack of records during the summer (Linnavuori & van Harten 2002, 2006; this paper). At Kalambo Falls and in Borakalalo Nature Reserve, T. decorata was collected syntopically with T. signitenens .

The distribution area of T. decorata in southern Africa corresponds to the areas of following biomes: deciduous forest – woodland savanna, and savanna grassland (Fif. 147).

Distribution ( Fig. 146 ). Namibia ( Jensen-Haarup (1937): Tanga, Grootfontain; this paper), South Africa (new record), Zambia (new record), Zimbabwe (new record); Yemen (Linnavuori & van Harten (2002, 2006; as T. signitenens ): Jebel Barra, Al Kowd). The wide disjunction between the localities in southern Africa and Yemen is almost certainly caused by the lack of material, and its occurrence in eastern African countries should be expected.

Figures

FIGURE 146. Distribution map of Tripanda species.

FIGURES 1 – 8. Head in dorsal view (3 – 8 — antenniferes omitted). 1 — Tripanda dispar Schouteden, 1964 (Ivory Coast: Bingerville, lectotype); 2 — T. horacekorum sp. nov. (Ivory Coast: Foro Foro); 3 — T. jurickorum sp. nov. (Guinea: Mt. Nimba, holotype); 4 — T. longiceps (Villiers, 1967) (Central African Republic: Boukoko); 5 – 6 — T. signitenens (Distant, 1898) (Zambia: Kalambo Falls); 7 — T. collaris (Cachan, 1952) (Madagascar: Ambanja env.); 8 — T. decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937) (Namibia: Ogongo).

FIGURES 9 – 26. 9 – 20 — humeral angles of pronotum. 9 — Tripanda dispar Schouteden, 1964 (Ivory Coast: Bingerville, lectotype); 10 — T. horacekorum sp. nov. (Ivory Coast: Foro Foro); 11 — T. jurickorum sp. nov. (Guinea: Mt. Nimba, holotype); 12 — T. sp. (Gabon: Komo); 13 – 14 — T. longiceps (Villiers, 1967) (13 — Guinea: Mt. Nimba, 14 — Central African Republic: Boukoko); 15 – 16 — T. signitenens (Distant, 1898) (Zambia: Kalambo Falls); 17 — T. collaris (Cachan, 1952) (Madagascar: Ambanja env.); 18 – 20 — T. decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937) (18 – 19 — Namibia: Ogongo, 20 — Yemen: Al Kowd). 21 – 26 — median pronotal callosities. 21 — T. horacekorum sp. nov. (Ivory Coast: Foro Foro); 22 — T. jurickorum sp. nov. (Guinea: Mt. Nimba, holotype); 23 — T. signitenens (Distant, 1898) (Zambia: Kalambo Falls); 24 — T. collaris (Cachan, 1952) (Madagascar: Ambanja env.); 25 – 26 — T. decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937) (25 — Namibia: Ogongo, 26 — Yemen: Al Kowd).

FIGURES 27 – 31. 27 – 28 — metathoracic scent gland peritreme and evaporatorium. 27 — Tripanda signitenens (Distant, 1898) (Zambia: Kalambo Falls); 28 — T. collaris (Cachan, 1952) (Madagascar: Ambanja env.). 29 – 30 — T. signitenens (Zambia: Kalambo Falls, female). 29 — vestiges of reservoir of anterior dorso-abdominal scent gland; 30 — abdominal dorsum with ostioles of anterior dorso-abdominal scent gland. 31 — T. decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937), egg (Namibia: Ogongo). Abbreviations: DAGo — ostiole of dorso-abdominal scent gland, DAGr — reservoir of dorsoabdominal scent gland, ev — evaporatorium, MTGo — ostiole of metathoracic scent gland, pe — peritreme, sp — spiracle.

FIGURES 42 – 49. 42 – 47 — Pygophore (42, 45 — ventral view; 43, 46 — lateral view; 44, 47 — detail of ventral rim). 42 – 44 — Tripanda collaris (Cachan, 1952) (Madagascar: Ambanja env.); 45 – 47 — T. decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937) (45 – 46 — Namibia: Ogongo, 47 — Zambia: Kalambo Falls). 48 – 49 — T. decorata, male with deformed right posterolateral part of abdomen (48) and right posterolateral angle of pygophore (49) (Yemen: Al Kowds).

FIGURES 50 – 59. 50 – 53 — pygophores in most exposed view (dorsal rim above, genital opening gray, paramere dotted, dorsal sclerite striated). 50 — Tripanda signitenens (Distant, 1898) (Zambia: Kalambo Falls); 51 – 52 — T. decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937) (51 — Namibia: Ogongo, 52 — Yemen: Al Kowd); 53 — Lerida punctata (Palisot de Beauvois, 1807) (Zimbabwe: Kwekwe env.). 54 – 55 — T. horacekorum sp. nov., position of paramere and dorsal sclerite in pygophore (dorsal rim below). 56 — T. decorata, position of paramere and dorsal sclerite. 57 – 59 — T. signitenens, position of paramere and dorsal sclerite in three different views. Abbreviations: cls—cup-like sclerite, drip—projection of dorsal rim infloding, ds—dorsal sclerite, lri—lateral riminfolding, mu—muscles, pa—paramere, ps—paramere socket, vr—ventral rim.

FIGURES 134 – 137. Habitus of Tripanda species. 134 — T. dispar Schouteden, 1964, paralectotype, male (Ivory Coast: Bingerville, 10.1 mm); 135 — T. collaris (Cachan, 1952), male (Madagascar: Ambanja env., 8.6 mm); 136 – 137 — T. decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937): 136 — lectotype, male (Namibia: Tanga, 10 mm); 137 — male (Namibia: Ogongo, 11.6 mm). Photo: J. Macek (134 - 135, 137) & P. Kment (136).

FIGURES 76 – 83. 76 – 79 — paramere, lateral view (a – e — different positions). 76 — Tripanda dispar Schouteden, 1964 (Ivory Coast: Adiapo-Doumé); 77 — T. horacekorum sp. nov. (Senegal: Casamance); 78 — T. collaris (Cachan, 1952) (Madagascar: Ambanja env.); 79 — T. decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937) (Yemen: Al Kowd). 80 – 83 — paramere seen in most exposed view of detached pygophore (ventral rim above, dosal rim below, see left part of pygophore). 80 — T. dispar (Ivory Coast: Bingerville, lectotype); 81 — T. horacekorum sp. nov. (Senegal: Casamance); 82 — T. collaris (Madagascar: Rogez); 83 — T. decorata (Yemen: Al Kowd).

FIGURES 138 – 141. Pygophores of Tripanda species (two different views). 138 – 139 — T. collaris (Cachan, 1952) (Madagascar: Ambanja env., width 1.4 mm); 140 – 141 – T. decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937) (Namibia: Ogongo, width 1.5 mm). Photo: J. Macek.

FIGURES 90 – 93. Phallus (a – c — different positions; 92, 93 b — bases omitted). 90 — Tripanda dispar Schouteden, 1964 (Ivory Coast: Adiapo-Doumé); 91 — T. horacekorum sp. nov. (Senegal: Casamance); 92 — T. collaris (Cachan, 1952) (Madagascar: Ambanja env.); 93 — T. decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937) (Yemen: Al Kowd).

FIGURES 101 – 117. 101 – 104 — internal female genitalia. 101 — Tripanda dispar Schouteden, 1964 (Nigeria: Ibadan); 102 — T. longiceps (Villiers, 1967) (Central African Republic: Boukoko); 103 — T. signitenens (Distant, 1898) (Zambia: Kalambo Falls); 104 — T. decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937) (Namibia: Ogongo). 105 – 117 — apical receptacle of spermatheca. 105 — T. dispar (Nigeria: Ibadan); 106 – 108 — T. horacekorum sp. nov. (106 — Ivory Coast: Foro Foro, 107 — Ivory Coast: Adiopodoumé, 108 — Central African Republic: Boukoko); 109 — T. jurickorum sp. nov. (Guinea: Mt. Nimba); 110 — T. longiceps (Central African Republic: Boukoko); 111 – 114 — T. signitenens (111 — Angola: Gangassol, 112 — South Africa: Borakalalo, 113 – 114 — Zambia: Kalambo Falls); 115 — T. sp. (Gabon: Komo); 116 — T. collaris (Madagascar: Ambanja env.); 117 — T. decorata (Namibia: Ogongo). Abbreviations: ar — apical receptacle of spermatheca, atv — anterior thickenings of vaginal intima, dd — distal part of the spermathecal duct; dfl — distal flange, dil — dilatation of the spermathecal duct, fz — flexible zone, gap 9 — gonapophyses 9, ip — intermediate part of the spermatheca, lt 9 — laterotergites 9, pd — proximal duct, pfl — proximal flange, rs — ring sclerite.

FIGURES 142 – 145. Habitats of Tripanda species. 142 – 143 — environs of Kalambo Falls, northern Zambia (T. signitenens (Distant, 1898) and T. decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937 )); 144 – 145 — environs of Ogongo campus, Namibia (T. decorata). Photo: Z. Jindra; all pictures were taken not farther than 1 km from the light trap collecting site.