Paranota ensifera ( Boheman, 1854 )

Simões, Marianna V. P., 2014, Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Paranota Monrós and Viana, 1949 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Dorynotini), The Coleopterists Bulletin 68 (4), pp. 631-655 : 639-647

Paranota ensifera ( Boheman, 1854) ( Figs. 1–46 , 98 )

Batonota ensifera Boheman 1854: 166 .

Batonota ensifera: Boheman 1856: 95, 1862: 238 ; Gemminger and Harold 1876: 3644; Wagener 1881: 46; Fiebrig 1910: 171; Spaeth 1914: 66, 1923: 69, 1941: 1061; Bruch 1915: 563; Maulik 1916: 583; Costa Lima 1936: 312.

Dorynota ensifera: Blackwelder 1946: 747 ; Borowiec 1996 a: 181.

Paranota ensifera: Monrós and Viana 1949: 399 , 424; Buzzi 1988: 567; Borowiec 1999: 166, 2002: 108, 2009: 692; Sekerka 2004: 160; Borowiec and Moragues 2005: 275; Flinte et al. 2009: 593; Borowiec and Takizawa 2011: 454.

Batonota gregaria Boheman 1854: 167 . Boheman 1856: 95, 1862: 238; Gemminger and Harold 1876: 3645; Wagener 1881: 45; Spaeth 1923: 69; Monrós and Viana 1949: 399.

Batonota ensifera ab gregaria: Spaeth 1914: 66 .

Dorynota ensifera ab gregaria: Blackwelder 1946: 747 .

Batonota bellator Chevrolat : Gemminger and Harold 1876: 3645 (nomen nudum).

Diagnosis. This species may be distinguished from other members of the genus by the dorsal ground color ranging from yellowish brown to reddish brown, usually mottled; elytra with humeral ridge interrupted medially; disc with dense, finer punctures, without rugose aspect.

Redescription. Body ( Figs. 35–36 ) with dorsal ground color ranging from yellowish brown to reddish brown, pronotum always brighter and elytral disc mottled with yellow. Head: ( Figs. 1–2 ): Interocular distance 1.3 times as broad as widest eye width. Vertex with long and short setae. Frontoclypeus tumescent, with deep punctures and long, sparse setae; epistomal suture distinct and complete. Antennae ( Fig. 9 ) with length ratio of segments 100: 36: 24: 44: 52: 100: 92: 76: 84: 84: 140. Mouth fossa ( Fig. 2 ) with irregular shape, widest at mandibular articulating region, narrowed ventrally. Labrum ( Figs. 3–4 ) wellsclerotized, 1.2 times wider than long; anterior half strongly flattened inward (or ventrally); anterior margin laterally indented and medially emarginated; midline ridge elevated, with striate surface deeply and finely punctured with long, sparse setae and a band of punctures ornate with setae; basal margin with 2 shallow, horizontal depressions. Mandible ( Figs. 5–6 ) wellsclerotized, short, robust and strongly concave; base with short, dense setae; apex with 4 teeth, 3 sharp and vertically positioned at the front and one dull and horizontally positioned ventrally. Maxilla ( Fig. 8 ) with cardo 6 times longer than wide, narrower medially; lacinia membranous, wider apically and expanded internally, with fringe-like pilosity at the apex; galea subcycilindrical, longer than lacinia, bearing dense, long and short setae from base to apex, with greater concentration at the rounded apex. Maxillary palp well-developed, surpassing the galea, 4-segmented, palps with long, erect setae, palpomere I 2 times longer than wide, subcylindrical, 1.7 times smaller than II–III; II curved and strongly expanded apically, apex 1.5 times wider than base; III subcylindrical; IV slightly longer than III, widest medially and tapered apex. Labium ( Fig. 7 ) with post- and prementum well-developed; postmentum subtrapezoidal; prementum subrectangular, with 4 long setae situated below labial palp; ligula well-developed, semi-coriaceous, apical margin subrounded, with deep punctures and 14 long, sparse setae; labial palp 3-segmented, with long, sparse setae; palpomere I 1.2 times shorter than II–III, cylindrical; II strongly curved; III wider medially and tapered towards the apex. Thorax: Prosternum ( Fig. 10 ) with process with sparse, fine punctures, ca. 2 times longer than wide; apex medially angled and expanded laterally. Proendosternite ( Fig. 12 ) sclerosed, developed with pointed projection towards the anterior region, and membranous, rounded apex projecting towards posterior region of the body. Mesoscutellum ( Fig. 18 ) flat, deeply punctured close to the anterior margin; anterior lateral projections 1.25 times longer than mesoscutum; axillary cord long and straight. Mesosternum ( Fig. 13 ) deeply notched with process thick, with rounded posterior margin, slightly notched. Mesendosternite ( Figs. 14–15 ) sclerosed, with membranous and flat apex, obliquely directed to mesepimeron and fused at apex to its internal wall. Metasternum ( Fig. 13 ) smooth, with sparse, short setae, medially flat; metepisternum smooth in anterior third, with rounded lateral projection. Metendosternite ( Figs. 16–17 ) 5 times wider than long; anterior tendon placed on distal dorsal wall of lamina; anterior lamina (anla) narrow, continuous; ventral lamina (vela) vestigial, ridge– like expansion along the entire posterior face of furcal arm; ventrally with a double lobe-like tendon (vete), base obliquely oriented, anterolateral edge continuous with anterior edge of lamina; median ventral flange narrow and flattened laterally; stalk (stk) almost 2 times shorter than median region of metendosternite. Elytra ( Figs. 19–21 ) with anterior angle slightly obtuse externally; lateral margins subparallel; apical margin rounded; humeral ridge interrupted and poorly marked; disc with dense, small punctures and 3 longitudinal ridges, 2 closer to suture departing from anterior margin, extending to apex, and one departing from humerus, extending to basal third of disc; lateral margins subparallel and posterior margin rounded; medially with spinose projection ( Figs. 20–21 ) 1.5–1.8 times shorter than body height. In ventral view, epipleural ridge well-developed with sharp projection at the anterior third, with longitudinal carena flattened and reduced at the median region. Hind wing ( Fig. 22 ) length 2.7 times its greatest width, microtrichiate; costa (C) reduced, restricted to basal region; subcosta (Sc) restricted to the wing basal third; radius (R) only overlaps half of wing; radial cell closed with a subtriangular aspect; s–r evident, about as long as radial cell; s–m vestigial; cubitus (Cu) and anterior media (AM) developed, reaching basal margin; plica (P) developed, without ramifications; empusal (E) united to 1 st anal (1A); transverse 2 nd anal a, anal cell (Ac), and 2 nd anal b; jugal lobe (Ju) absent. Legs ( Figs. 23–34 ) subequal in length, slender, long, shiny, sparsely and finely setose except densely setose at tibial apex and ventral portion of tarsi. Tarsomere I short, ca. 1.5 times shorter than II; III ca. 1.5 times longer than II and 2 times wider than IV. Internal claw 1.4 times shorter than external claw ( Fig. 38 ). Abdomen: Sparsely setose, with higher concentration at apex of sternite V ( Fig. 42 ); sternites I–V of equal length, decreasing in width towards apex and hardly evident elliptical depressions close to lateral margins; sternite V flattened in posterior margin. Male terminalia ( Figs. 39–41 ): Manubrium ( Figs. 40–41 ) 2 times longer than arms, apex truncate, with sinuous base in lateral view. Ejaculatory duct long, strongly coiled. Female terminalia ( Figs. 43–46 ): Sternite IX ( Fig. 46 ) subdivided into 2 plates with long, erect setae at apical margin. Tergite X ( Fig. 45 ) with 2 regions next to sclerotized apical margin, densely setose, with a range of short, erect setae on the edge. Spermatheca ( Fig. 44 ) with ampulla short, pointed. Duct of spermathecal gland 1.7 times longer than spermatheca, loose. Spermathecal gland short and narrow with output side of ampulla.

Measurements. S i x m a l e s / 1 0 f e m a l e s: total length: 9.8–10.3 / 10–11.5; greatest elytral width: 7.6–8.4 / 8.2–9.4; pronotal length: 2.7–3.0 / 3.0–3.2; greatest pronotal width: 4.8–5.5 / 5.2–5.9.

Host Plants. Recorded on Tabebuia aurea Benth & Hook (= Tecoma argentea Bureau & K. Schum ), Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart.) (= Tabebuia ipe (Mart.)) ( Silva et al. 1968) , and Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) ( Fiebrig 1910) (Bignoniaceae) .

Remarks. Boheman (1854), in the original description, compared P. ensifera ( Figs. 35–36 ) to B. gregaria and differentiated it by the size and height of the body and punctation on prothorax and elytra. Later, Monrós and Viana (1949) considered these differences to be intraspecific variation and synonymized both species.

Wagener (1881) provided a key for identification of the species in the genus Batonota Hope , and considered P. ensifera (= Batonota ensifera ) similar to P. spinosa ( Figs. 69–70 ) (= Batonota spinosa ), but differentiated them based on the elytral sculpture – P. ensifera with carinate elytra and P. spinosa with smooth elytra. Monrós and Viana (1949) considered P. spinosa the species most similar to P. ensifera , differing from the latter by having a robust and compact body shape, with uniform color and deep punctation. However, although P. ensifera has a more robust and compact body shape than P. spinosa , the deep punctation on the dorsum is a feature of the genus, not unique to P. ensifera ; plus, the dorsal color ranges from yellowish brown to reddish brown, with the pronotum always brighter and the elytral disc mottled with yellow, never uniformly colored.

Paranota ensifera is similar to P. rugosa ( Figs. 57–60 ) by having the body not strongly convex in lateral view and the elytra coarsely punctate, with the anterior angle expanded and obtuse laterally and with a long spinose projection almost as long as the body height at the anterior third. However, P. ensifera differs by having a dorsal ground color ranging from yellowish brown to reddish brown; complete epistomal suture; elytra with anterior angle slightly expanded laterally and anterior half of lateral margin subparallel; humeral ridge interrupted medially; disc with dense and finer punctures, without a rugose aspect; and tarsomere III slightly longer than IV ( Fig. 37 ), with the apex almost three times wider than base. Paranota rugosa has a dorsal ground color ranging from brownish red to dark red; incomplete epistomal suture; elytra with anterior angle strongly expanded laterally and anterior half of lateral margin sinuous; incomplete humeral ridge; disc with coarser punctation and rugose aspect; and tarsomere III as long as IV ( Fig. 61 ), with apex about two times wider than base.

Geographic Distribution. R e c o r d e d f r o m Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Misiones , Salta) , Bolivia (Guarayos), Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso,

Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo ), Ecuador, Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Boquerón, Central, Itapúa, Paraguarí), and Peru (Borowiec and Świętojańska 2014). A new state record is for Minas Gerais in Brazil, and Colombia is a new country record ( Fig. 98 ). Borowiec (1996)

recorded P. ensifera from Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana based on three specimens deposited in DBET. Later, Borowiec and Moragues (2005) excluded P. ensifera and P. parallela records from French Guiana since they were based on mislabeled material.

101) P. spinosa ; 102) P. apiculata .

Type Material. L e c t o t y p e ( F i g. 3 5–3 6): gregaria Dej. // Brasil // M. Wien // Type // Lectotype \ des . L. Borowiec // NHRS – JLKB \ 000020982 ( SMNH). Paralectotype: Brasil // M. Wien // Paralectotype \ des . L. Borowiec // NHRS – JLKB \ 000020983 ( SMNH).

Other Material Examined (71). M. B e r l. (1 specimen, DBET); Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Zona da N. O. B., Indio da Brasil, 17.X.1938 (1 specimen, DBET); ARGENTINA: Misiones: San Ignacio, Letrou de L. Iguane , 1911 , E. R. Wagener lgt. (1 specimen, MNHN); BRAZIL: “BRAZILIA”: Dejean lgt. (1 specimen, DBET; 3 specimens, MZH); Westerman lgt. (1 specimen, SMNH); Reich. Haag lgt. (1 specimen, MMUE); Goiás: Bananeira , 10.III.1937 (1 male, MNRJ); 10. I .1939, Zellibor-Hauff lgt. (2 specimen, MNRJ); Campinas (1 specimen, DZUP); XII.1935, Borgmeier and S. Lopes lgt. (1 female, MNRJ); Goiatuba , F. Justus Jor. lgt. (1 specimen, DZUP); II.1941 (2 specimens, MNRJ); X.1941 , J. Guerin lgt. (1 specimen, DZUP); II.1943, Campos Seabra lgt. (1 female, MNRJ) ; I .1952 , Campos Seabra lgt. (1 specimen, MNRJ); Jatahy, Donkier Coll. (5 specimens, MMUE); Leopoldo Bulhões, XII.1933 (1 specimen, MMUE); Minaçu, XII.1987, Monné and Roppa lgt. (1 specimen, MNRJ); Mato Grosso: Diamantina, Alto Rio Arinos , X.1983, B. Silva lgt. (1 female, MNRJ); Murtinho , XI.1929 , R. Spitz lgt. (1 female, DZUP); Poconé , 4.XI.1988 , J. Becker and O. Roppa lgt. (1 male, 3 females, 3 specimens, MNRJ); Minas Gerais: Ibiá , 20.X.1965 , C. T. and C. Elias lgt. (1 specimen, DZUP); Passos, 28.XII.1962, Claudionor Elias lgt. (1 female, DZUP); Pirapora, XI.1975, Seabra, Alvarenga, Roppa and Monné lgt. (1 specimen, MNRJ); Porto Alegre, (1 specimen, DZUP); Rio Claro , IX.1947 , J. C. M. Carvalho lgt. (1 specimen, MNRJ); Sertão da Diamantina , Faz. das Melancias, 10–11.1902 , E. Gounelle lgt. (7 specimens, MMUE); Uberaba (1 specimen, DBET) ; VI .1924 (13 specimens, DBET); Rio de Janeiro: Mendes, (2 specimens, DBET); São Paulo: (2 specimens, DBET); (1 specimen, MMUE); Amparo (1 specimen, MNRJ); Engenho Coelho , 1920, A. Rionter lgt. (2 males, MNRJ); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Buena Vista, 400m, 1952, Campos Seabra lgt. (1 specimen, MNRJ); COLOMBIA: (1 specimen, MMUE) .

Figures

Figs. 1–9. Paranota ensifera, male. 1) Head, dorsal view; 2) Head, frontal view; 3) Labrum, dorsal view; 4) Labrum, anterior margin; 5) Mandibles, dorsal view; 6) Mandible, lateral view; 7) Labium, ventral view; 8) Maxillae, dorsal view; 9) Antenna. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 10–17. Paranota ensifera, male. 10) Prothorax, dorsal view; 11) Prothorax, ventral view; 12) Proendosternite; 13) Meso– and metasternum; 14) Mesendosternite, general aspect; 15) Mesendosternite, detailed aspect; 16) Metendosternite, dorsal view; 17) Metendosternite, ventral view. anla = anterior lamina; md = median depression; me = mesendosternite; pr = proendosternite; stk = stalk; vela = ventral lamina; vete = ventral tendon; vfl = median ventral flange. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 18–22. Paranota ensifera, male. 18) Mesoscutum and scutellum; 19) Elytra, ventral view; 20) Elytral spinose projection, left internal view; 21) Elytral spinose projection, right internal view; 22) Wing. ac = anal cell; AM = anterior media; axc = axillary cord; Cu = cubitus; lc = longitudinal carina; E = empusal; ep = epipleuron; PM = posterior media; P = plical; R = radius; rc = radial cell; r-m = radial-medial cross-vein; Sc = subcosta; s-m = subcostal-medial cross-vein; 1A = first anal vein; 2Aa = anterior branch of anal vein; 2Ab = posterior branch of anal vein. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 23–34. Paranota ensifera, male. 23) Procoxa; 24) Profemur; 25) Protibia; 26) Protarsomere; 27) Mesocoxa; 28) Mesofemur; 29) Mesotibia; 30) Mesotarsomere; 31) Metacoxa; 32) Metafemur; 33) Metatibia; 34) Metatarsomere. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 35–46. Paranota ensifera. Male: 35) Lectotype, dorsal view; 36) Lectotype, lateral view and labels; 37) Protarsomere; 38) Claws; 39) Median lobe, lateral view; 40) Tegmen, dorsal view; 41) Tegmen, lateral view; Female: 42) Abdomen; 43) Sternite VIII; 44) Spermatheca; 45) Tergite X; 46) Sternite IX. ma = manubrium. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 98–102. Geographic distribution of Paranota species. 98) P. ensifera; 99) P. minima; 100) P. rugosa;

Figs. 69–81. Paranota spinosa. Male: 69) Holotype, dorsal view; 70) Holotype, lateral view and labels; 71) Metepimeron; 72) Medium lobe, lateral view; 73) Tegmen, dorsal view; 74) Tegmen, lateral view; 75) Internal sac, dorsal view; 76) Internal sac, lateral view; 77) Internal sac, ventral view; Female: 78) Sternite VIII; 79) Sternite IX; 80) Spermatheca; 81) Tergite X. flg = flagellum; sclt = sclerite. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 57–68. Paranota rugosa. Male: 57) Dorsal view; 58) Lateral view; 59) Holotype, dorsal view; 60) Holotype, lateral view and labels; 61) Protarsomere; 62) Median lobe, lateral view; 63) Tegmen, dorsal view; 64) Tegmen, lateral view; Female: 65) Sternite VIII; 66) Sternite IX; 67) Spermatheca; 68) Tergite X. Scale bars = 1 mm.