Mycale (Mycale) topsenti Burton, 1959

Van, Rob W. M., Aryasari, Ratih & De, Nicole J., 2021, Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida), Zootaxa 4912 (1), pp. 1-212 : 144-146

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4912.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9536C1CF-4AEF-47F8-959B-48CD7A5392D8

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464451

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/361087A7-FF4A-FF31-55AB-FF32526CCCE3

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Mycale (Mycale) topsenti Burton, 1959
status

 

Mycale (Mycale) topsenti Burton, 1959 View in CoL

Fig. 91c View FIGURE 91

Mycale (Mycale) topsenti Burton, 1959: 229 View in CoL , text-fig. 15.

Material examined. BMNH 1936.3 .4.542, holotype, Oman, South Arabian coast, 21.8333°N 59.8667°E, depth 1046 m, coll. John Murray Exped. stat. 54, 3 November 1933 GoogleMaps .

Summary description. Small repent-ramose mass ( Fig. 91c View FIGURE 91 ), surface bumpy, with several small oscules. Color yellow-brown (alcohol). Consistency softly compressible. Ectosomal skeleton a tangential layer of megascleres, carried by ascending choanosomal megasclere tracts forming brushes near the surface. Spicules: mycalostyles 900 x 18 µm, anisochelae I 88 µm, anisochelae II 40 µm, anisochelae III 20 µm, sigma I 60–80 µm, trichodragmas 60 µm.

Distribution. Oman, deep water.

Comment. We re-examined Burton’s holotype and found his description accurate. Compared to the closely related Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov. (reported by Burton as Mycale (Mycale) massa var. oceanica from the same station), the shape of the specimen (cf. Fig. 91c View FIGURE 91 ) is more spreaded, less compact, the mycalostyles occur in a single category and with more distinct heads, and there is only a single category of sigmas, clearly larger than those of M. (M.) sundaminorensis sp.nov. (see also above).

Key to the Indo-West Pacific species of Mycale (Mycale) View in CoL

Remark. The present key is state of the art, but suffers from several species not well known. Not all species treated below are certain members of Mycale (Mycale) , and possibly some species may turn out to be synonyms.

1 Megascleres are variously shaped styles, subtylostyles and strongyles..................... Mycale View in CoL ( Mycale View in CoL ?) multisclera View in CoL

- Megascleres exclusively stylote.......................................................................... 2

2 Megascleres in two distinct size categories................................ Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis View in CoL sp.nov.

- No megasclere categories............................................................................... 3

3 Largest anisochelae> 100 µm ........................................................................... 4

- Largest anisochelae ± 100 µm ........................................................................... 6

4 Largest anisochelae> 200 µm ..................................................... Mycale (Mycale) anisochela View in CoL

- Largest anisochelae <200 µm ........................................................................... 5

5 Live color white.......................................................... Mycale (Mycale) aff. grandis View in CoL ‘white’

- Live color shades of red and orange................................................ Mycale (Mycale) grandis View in CoL ‘red’

6 Toxas present...................................................... Mycale (Mycale) ernsthentscheli View in CoL comb.nov.

- No toxas............................................................................................ 7

7 Sigmas absent........................................................................................ 8

- Sigmas present...................................................................................... 10

8 Trichodragmas present................................................................................. 9

- No trichodragmas................................................................ Mycale (Mycale) incurvata View in CoL

9 Anisochelae III present, three categories of trichodragmas.......................... Mycale (Mycale) asigmata View in CoL sp.nov.

- Anisochelae III absent, a single category of trichodragmas.............................. Mycale (Mycale) myriasclera View in CoL

10 Raphides> 140 m present, but no trichodragmas......................................... Mycale (Mycale) digitata View in CoL

- Trichodragmas present, but no single raphides of> 140 µm ................................................... 11

11 Longest mycalostyles <350 µm ................................................... Mycale (Mycale) meridionalis View in CoL

- Longest mycalostyles> 400 µm ......................................................................... 12

12 No anisochelae III, no sigmas II..................................................... Mycale (Mycale) gelatinosa View in CoL

- Both anisochelae III and sigmas II present................................................................. 13

13 Distinct circular rosettes present........................................................................ 14

- Rosettes absent; groupings of anisochelae may be present but these are not circular............................... 15

14 Anisochelae I strongly curved, with short alae............................................ Mycale (Mycale) dendyi View in CoL

- Anisochelae I ‘normal’ shaped............................................... Mycale (Mycale) grandoides View in CoL sp.nov.

15 Mycalostyles up to at least 900 µm .................................................... Mycale (Mycale) topsenti View in CoL

- Mycalostyles less than 700 µm .................................................... Mycale (Mycale) crassissima View in CoL

Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Mycale) View in CoL

We queried the World Porifera Database (Van Soest et al. 2020) and added the above results from our Indo-West Pacific Mycale (Mycale) study to arrive at the current tentative estimate of known accepted species, which numbers 63. Their distribution over the world oceans summarized as the numbers of species found in Marine Ecoregions of the World (cf. Spalding et al. 2007) is presented in Fig. 92 View FIGURE 92 . The subgenus is widespread, with polar-, temperate- and warm water species. The highest species densities occur in Indonesia, the Western Indian Ocean and some Antarctic regions. This is likely a combined effect of collecting efforts and the non-monophyletic nature of the subgenus. Also, many cold water species are not well known. More revisions of species groups are necessary to arrive at meaningful distribution patterns.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Porifera

Class

Demospongiae

Order

Poecilosclerida

Family

Mycalidae

Genus

Mycale

Loc

Mycale (Mycale) topsenti Burton, 1959

Van, Rob W. M., Aryasari, Ratih & De, Nicole J. 2021
2021
Loc

Mycale (Mycale) topsenti

Burton, M. 1959: 229
1959
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