Mycale (Carmia) fungiaphila, Van & Aryasari & De, 2021

Van, Rob W. M., Aryasari, Ratih & De, Nicole J., 2021, Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida), Zootaxa 4912 (1), pp. 1-212 : 57-59

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4912.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9536C1CF-4AEF-47F8-959B-48CD7A5392D8

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464342

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/361087A7-FFFD-FF9A-55AB-FE5B5187C968

treatment provided by

Plazi (2021-01-19 19:56:07, last updated 2024-11-25 23:38:48)

scientific name

Mycale (Carmia) fungiaphila
status

sp. nov.

Mycale (Carmia) fungiaphila View in CoL sp.nov.

Figs 35 View FIGURE 35 a–d, 36a–f

Material examined. Holotype ZMA Por. 16645, Indonesia, Sulawesi, SW Sulawesi, Kudingareng Keke, depth not given, but presumably from shallow-water reef environment, SCUBA, coll. B.W. Hoeksema, field nr. 0206–01, 2 June 1997 (brown).

Description. Thinly encrusting sponge, covering and insinuating among the septae of a broken Fungia mushroom coral ( Figs 35 View FIGURE 35 a–b). In preservation, surface is smooth, without visible openings. Size of several patches up to 2 x 3 cm in lateral expansion, several mm in thickness. Color brown in life, reddish brown in preservation. Consistency soft, easily damaged.

Skeleton ( Figs 35 View FIGURE 35 c–d). Very lightly built, with thin megasclere tracts, 20–30 µm in diameter (4–6 spicules in cross section) running sinuously from the substratum towards the surface, where they fan out into brushes of single megascleres. Tracts are distanced from each other at 250–300 µm intervals. Between the tracts are shorter or longer (80–250 µm) bundles, 50–100 µm in thickness, of fusiform trichodragmas ( Figs 35 View FIGURE 35 c–d), each about 75 x 5 µm (see below), running parallelly to the megasclere tracts or irregularly. There is no special ectosomal skeleton, the dermal membrane having numerous sigmas and few rosettes of anisochelae I (50–60 µm in diameter). The choanosomal tissue is darkly reddish brown.

Spicules ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 a–f). Mycalostyles, two categories of anisochelae, sigmas, and fusiform trichodragmas.

Mycalostyles ( Figs 36a,a View FIGURE 36 1 View FIGURE 1 ), straight, with well-developed rounded heads, comparatively short and thin, 187– 205.5 – 222 x 1.5– 1.8 – 2.5 µm.

Anisochelae I ( Fig. 36b View FIGURE 36 ), comparatively narrow-shaped, with upper and lower alae well developed, free part of shaft 25–30% of total spicule length, little variation in size, 18– 22.1 – 27 µm.

Anisochelae II ( Fig. 36c View FIGURE 36 ), reduced in overall development, with upper median alae longer than half the spicule length, 8– 10.8 – 14 µm.

Sigmas ( Fig. 36d View FIGURE 36 ), thin (0.5–1.5 µm in thickness), asymmetrical, comparatively narrow-shaped, 37– 46.2 – 57 µm.

Trichodragmas ( Figs 36e,e View FIGURE 36 1 View FIGURE 1 ,f), fusiform, faintly reminding of toxodragmas, but individual raphides sinuously curved but not toxa-shaped, 60– 74.2 –84 x 3– 4.7 – 6 µm. They are grouped in wide bundles, 50–100 µm in diameter, individually (80 µm long) or in longer sinuous structures (more than 250 µm long, cf. Fig. 35d View FIGURE 35 ) running parallel to the choanosomal megasclere tracts.

Distribution and ecology. Indonesia, on shallow-reefs.

Etymology. The compound name is an adjective consisting of the words Fungia and –philus meaning ‘ Fungia -loving’ referring to the substratum, a dead specimen of the mushroom coral genus Fungia .

Remarks. The habitus of the new species is encrusting-insinuating in the grooves between the septae of a dead Fungia . Since there is only a single sample, we cannot be certain that the species is uniquely confined to this substratum. The outstanding features of the new species are the bundles of fusiform trichodragmas and the poorly developed megasclere tracts. The combined spicule characters of the specimen are unique among Mycale (Carmia) species of the region. No close relatives have been identified.

Mycale (Carmia) pulvinus Samaai & Gibbons, 2005 from the Atlantic coast of South Africa shows some superficial resemblance in spicule complement, but sizes and categories show significant differences and there are no toxodragma-like microscleres.

Samaai, T. & Gibbons, M. J. (2005) Demospongiae taxonomy and biodiversity of the Benguela region on the west coast of South Africa. African Natural History, 1, 1 - 96.

Gallery Image

FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.

Gallery Image

FIGURE 35. Mycale (Carmia) fungiaphila sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16645 from Indonesia, a, overview of dead Fungia fragments bearing the specimen, b, detail of the same showing brown crusts (arrows) between the septae of the Fungia fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), c, light microscopic view of the spicules including the fusiform trichodragmas, d, light microscopic view of thick bundles of trichodragmas.

Gallery Image

FIGURE 36. Mycale (Carmia) fungiaphila sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16645 from Indonesia, SEM images of the spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II, d, sigma, e, fusiform trichodragma, e1, detail of fusiform trichodragma, f, bundled fusiform trichodragmas.

ZMA

Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Porifera

Class

Demospongiae

Order

Poecilosclerida

Family

Mycalidae

Genus

Mycale

SubGenus

Mycale