Messatoporus Cushman

Santos, Bernardo F. & Aguiar, Alexandre P., 2013, <strong> Phylogeny and revision of <em> Messatoporus </ em> Cushman (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with descriptions of sixty five new species </ strong>, Zootaxa 3634 (1), pp. 1-284 : 44-50

Key to species of Messatoporus Cushman

Although the following key is intended to work with both males and females, it may be inaccurate for the male specimen of a species for which the male is currently unknown.

1 Hind coxa mostly yellow to mostly or entirely black, without distinct orange marks................................ 2

- Hind coxa with distinct bright to dark orange marks, usually covering most of its surface............................ 50

2(1) Postscutellum black or orange ( Figs 154–157 )............................................................... 3

- Postscutellum yellow or whitish ( Figs 158–159 )............................................................. 36

3(2) Scape ventrally entirely black, dark brown or orange ( Figs 139, 144 )............................................. 4

- Scape ventrally with a very small to large yellow or whitish spot, rarely light brown ( Figs 143, 145 ).................. 16

4(3) Orbital band interrupted ( Fig. 55 ) or complete but very narrow near dorsal margin of eye ( Fig. 61 )..................... 5

- Orbital band complete and wide even at dorsal margin of eye ( Fig. 63 ).......................................... 11

5(4) Mandible of female at least partially yellow or orange ( Fig. 140–148 )............................................ 6

- Mandible of female entirely black or dark brown Figs 139, 149 )................................................. 8

6(5) Hind tibia black at least on apical 0.5; mesosternum black; mesopleuron without yellow marks or with two subcircular yellow marks ( Figs 91–92 , 96–98 ,); flagellum more or less uniform ( Fig. 258 )........................................... 7

- Hind tibia entirely yellow (as in Fig. 220 ); mesosternum mostly yellow; mesopleuron with large yellow mark, connected to yellow subalar ridge; ( Fig. 77 ) flagellum distinctly widened and flattened subapically ( Fig. 35 )............................................................................................. Messatoporus grandis Kasparyan & Ruíz

7(6) Subalar ridge black ( Fig. 91 ); dorsal margin of pronotum partially yellow ( Figs 93–94 ); ovipositor moderately stout, dorsal valve with five moderately strong ridges; cluster of bristles at mesal lobe of hind t4 distinct and represented by numerous bristles ( Fig. 266 ); fore wing vein 3-M distinctly shorter than vein 2-M (as in Fig. 251 )......... Messatoporus bennetti sp. nov.

- Subalar ridge marked with yellowish ( Figs 92–95 ); dorsal margin of pronotum entirely black ( Figs 91–92 ); ovipositor very slender, dorsal valve without ridges; cluster of bristles at mesal lobe of hind t4 small, reduced to 3-4 bristles ( Fig. 265 ); fore wing vein 3-M about as long as vein 2-M (as in Fig. 243 )............................ Messatoporus paeneater sp. nov.

8(5) Hind tibia mostly black or dark brown ( Figs 221–222 ); dorsal margin of pronotum black or dark brown ( Figs 89–91 ); mesopleuron and propodeum entirely black or dark brown..................................................... 9

- Hind tibia entirely yellow (as in Fig. 220 ); dorsal margin of pronotum yellow; mesopleuron with large yellow marks connected to yellow subalar ridge ( Fig. 76 ); propodeum with arc-shaped yellow mark (as in Fig. 196 )............................................................................................ Messatoporus covarrubiasi Kasparyan & Ruíz

9(8) Propodeal wrinkles vestigial, most of posterior area of propodeum areolate-rugulose ( Figs 162–164 ); areolet small to moderately small, APH 0.75–0.87; cluster of bristles at mesal lobe of hind t4 distinct and represented by numerous bristles (as in Fig. 266 ); fore wing vein 3-M distinctly shorter than vein 2-M (as in Fig. 251 )........................................ 10

- Propodeal wrinkles distinct, moderately strong and closely spaced (as in Fig. 181 ); areolet moderately large, APH 1.45; cluster of bristles at mesal lobe of hind t4 small (as in Fig. 265 ), reduced to 3-4 bristles; fore wing vein 3-M about as long as vein 2-M (as in Fig. 243 )............................................................... Messatoporus bicolor sp. nov.

10(9) Posterior transverse carina of propodeum distinct as moderately strong sublateral crests ( Figs 89 , 161 ); ovipositor dorsal valve with 3–5 very weak ridges ( Fig. 281 )............................................ Messatoporus paradoxus sp. nov.

- Posterior transverse carina of propodeum entirely absent, not forming sublateral crests ( Figs 90 , 162 ); ovipositor dorsal valve without ridges (as in Fig. 279 )..................................................... Messatoporus badius sp. nov.

11(4) Mesosternum with extensive yellow marks, never entirely black............................................... 12

- Mesosternum entirely black............................................................................ 13

12(11) Subalar prominence yellow ( Fig. 66 ); anterior area of propodeum with sublateral yellow marks ( Fig. 186 ); hind femur entirely blackish; hind tibia entirely yellow (as in Fig. 220 )..................................... Messatoporus titans sp. nov.

- Subalar prominence black ( Fig. 122 ); anterior area of propodeum without sublateral yellow marks; hind femur mostly bright orange; hind tibia basal 0.3 whitish, apical 0.7 blackish............................... Messatoporus subalaris sp. nov.

13(11) Hind tibia entirely yellow or almost so; mesopleuron with a large central mark that is medially narrower ( Figs 53 , 98 )..... 14

- Hind tibia mostly blackish or brown ( Figs 230, 234 ); mesopleuron with one or two small subcircular marks ( Figs 97, 99 ).. 15

14(13) T2–7 orange, even if with sparse blackish or yellowish marks ( Fig. 53 ); ovipositor long, OST 1.91, dorsal valve with five moderately strong teeth (as in Fig. 286 ); yellow mark at mesoscutum subcircular................ Messatoporus lordos sp. nov.

- T2–7 black with posterior yellow stripes ( Fig. 98 ); ovipositor short, OST 0.60, dorsal valve without teeth (as in Fig. 279 ); yellow mark at mesoscutum U-shaped (as in Fig. 261 ).............................. Messatoporus unimaculatus sp. nov.

15(13) Body very slender ( Fig. 99 ); metapleuron entirely whitish; mesopleuron of female with a single whitish mark placed ventrally; ovipositor dorsal valve with four moderately strong teeth........................... Messatoporus tenuissimus sp. nov.

- Body moderately stout ( Fig. 97 ); metapleuron mostly black; mesopleuron of female with two yellow marks; ovipositor dorsal valve without ridges........................................................ Messatoporus bimaculatus sp. nov.

16(3) Epomia complete, even if weak, distinct both along the pronotal collar and after diverging from it ( Fig. 5 ).............. 17

- Epomia incomplete, distinct only after diverging from pronotal collar, or epomia indistinct.......................... 27

17(16) Orbital band interrupted ( Figs 56 , 81 )..................................................................... 18

- Orbital band complete and wide even at dorsal margin of eye ( Figs 59 , 82 )....................................... 21

18(17) Mesopleuron with a large central yellow mark ( Figs 81 , 121 ).................................................. 19

- Mesopleuron without distinct central mark, entirely black or orange except for subalar ridge ( Figs 93 , 119 )............. 20

19(18) T2–7 orange, even if with sparse blackish marks ( Fig. 121 ); mandible basally yellow; hind tibia whitish on basal 0.25, on apical 0.75 gradually changing from light brown to blackish; hind femur bright to dark orange................................................................................................... Messatoporus concavivenus sp. nov.

- T2–7 blackish with anterior yellow stripe; mandible entirely blackish; hind tibia entirely yellow, though apically darker; hind femur dark brown ( Fig. 220 )................................................... Messatoporus atlanticus sp. nov.

20(18) Mesoscutum ( Fig. 158 ) and mesopleuron almost entirely black ( Fig. 93 ); pronotum surface with distinct, even if weak wrinkles; T1 dorsally yellowish or whitish on basal 0.2-0.4.......................... Messatoporus semialbiventris sp. nov.

- Mesoscutum and mesopleuron mostly bright orange; pronotum mostly whitish; pronotum surface without distinct longitudinal wrinkles; T1 dorsally black, brown or orange on basal 0.2 ( Fig. 119 )...................... Messatoporus igneus sp. nov.

21(17) Posterior transverse carina of propodeum distinct as weak to moderately strong sublateral crests...................... 22

- Posterior transverse carina of propodeum entirely absent or only faintly suggested, not forming sublateral crests......... 24 22(21) Posterior margin of T2–5 yellow or whitish ( Fig. 114 ); hind tibia not entirely yellow; cluster of bristles at mesal lobe of hind t4 small, reduced to 3–4 bristles (as in Fig. 265 ).............................................................. 23

- Posterior margin of T2–5 blackish ( Fig. 75 ); hind tibia entirely yellow ( Fig. 237 ); cluster of bristles at mesal lobe of hind t4 distinct and represented by numerous bristles (as in Fig. 266 )......................... Messatoporus arcuatus (Cresson)

23(22) White band at antenna of male reaching subapical flagellomere ( Fig. 264 ); hind second trochanter black; posterior margin of mesopleuron black.................................................. Messatoporus antennator Kasparyan & Ruíz

- White band at antenna of male reaching subapical flagellomere; hind second trochanter orange, sometimes with dorsoposterior blackish mark; posterior margin of mesopleuron with distinct yellowish spot dorsally to hypoepimeron....................................................................................... Messatoporus tibiator Kasparyan & Ruíz

24(21) T4–7 orange, even if with sparse blackish marks............................................................ 25

- T4–7 black or dark brown, with distinct apical yellow or whitish stripes......................................... 26

25(24) Mesoscutum bright to dark orange ( Fig. 154 ); pronotum and metapleuron almost entirely or entirely whitish ( Fig. 83 ); pronotum without distinct longitudinal wrinkles; fore wing crossvein 3r-m absent, cell 1+2Rs open ( Fig. 250 ); ovipositor dorsal valve with five moderately strong ridges (as in Fig. 286 ).............................. Messatoporus copiosus sp. nov.

- Mesoscutum black; pronotum and metapleuron mostly black ( Fig. 100 ); pronotum with weak and short wrinkles at ventral half of dorsal margin; fore wing crossvein 3r-m present, though spectral, cell 1+2Rs closed; ovipositor dorsal valve without ridges (as in Fig. 279 ).............................................................. Messatoporus dissidens sp. nov.

26(25) Dorsal margin of mesopleuron black; epicnemium black ( Fig. 108 ); propodeum with subcircular yellowish mark, without posterior black spot ( Fig. 201 ); hind femur mostly bright orange ( Fig. 228 ).............. Messatoporus variegatus (Szépligeti)

- Dorsal margin of mesopleuron yellow; epicnemium mostly yellowish; propodeum with arc-shaped yellowish mark, with posterior black spot; hind femur mostly blackish.............................. Messatoporus femorator Kasparyan & Ruíz

27(15) Central whitish or yellow mark on mesopleuron not connected to whitish or yellow mark at subalar ridge ( Fig. 81 )........ 28

- Central whitish or yellow mark on mesopleuron connected to whitish or yellow mark at subalar ridge ( Figs 82 , 110 )...... 33

28(27) T4–7 orange, even if with sparse blackish marks ( Figs 84 , 106 ); fore wing crossvein 3r-m absent, cell 1+2Rs open ( Fig. 250 ); hind wing vein Cub almost straight, very slightly convex ( Fig. 259 )............................................. 29

- T4–7 blackish or dark brown, with posterior yellow or whitish stripes; fore wing crossvein 3r-m present, even if weak and spectral, cell 1+2Rs closed; hind wing vein Cub distinctly convex on posterior half, otherwise straight ( Fig. 254 )......... 30

29(28) Mesoscutum black; T2–3 bright orange, T2 with posterior whitish stripe; mesopleuron dorsally black; pronotum almost entirely whitish ( Fig. 106 )................................................... Messatoporus amazonensis sp. nov.

- Mesoscutum orange; T2–3 anteriorly dark brown; T2 posteriorly orange and whitish, T3 posteriorly whitish; mesopleuron dorsally orange; pronotum mostly black, collar and dorsal margin whitish ( Fig. 84 )........ Messatoporus ellipsicavus sp. nov.

30(28) Mesoscutum with subcircular yellow spot ( Fig. 157 ); anterior area of propodeum without sublateral yellowish marks; fore wing vein 3-M about as long as vein 2-M.................................................................. 31

- Mesoscutum with U-shaped yellow mark ( Fig. 161 ), or anterior area of propodeum with sublateral yellowish marks ( Fig. 202 ); fore wing vein 3-M distinctly longer or shorter than vein 2-M ( Fig. 247 )......................................... 32

31(30) Hind femur marked with yellowish, black and brown ( Fig. 214 ); T1 dorsally black on basal 0.4; propodeum posteriorly with triangular whitish mark, without posterior blackish spot......................... Messatoporus complexifemur sp. nov.

- Hind femur entirely orange; T1 dorsally whitish on basal 0.4; propodeum with posterior blackish spot................................................................................... Messatoporus propodeator Kasparyan & Ruíz

32(30) Anterior area of propodeum without sublateral yellowish spots; mesoscutum with U-shaped yellow mark ( Fig. 161 ); ovipositor dorsal valve without ridges (as in Fig. 279 ); posterior transverse carina of propodeum distinct as weak sublateral crests ( Fig. 195 )................................................................. Messatoporus jalapa Kasparyan & Ruíz

- Anterior area of propodeum with sublateral yellowish spots (as in Fig. 202 ); mesoscutum with subcircular yellowish spot; ovipositor dorsal valve with four moderately strong ridges; posterior transverse carina of propodeum entirely absent, not forming sublateral crests.......................................................... Messatoporus campanulatus sp. nov.

33(27) Anterior area of propodeum with sublateral ovoid or triangular yellowish marks ( Figs 198, 202 )..................... 34

- Anterior area of propodeum without sublateral ovoid or triangular yellowish marks................................ 35

34(33) Mandible of female basally yellow; mark at posterior area of propodeum subcircular, without posterior blackish spot near insertion of T1 ( Fig. 201 ); ovipositor dorsal valve without ridges (as in Fig. 279 )......... Messatoporus atrifoveus sp. nov.

- Mandible of female entirely black or dark brown; mark at posterior area of propodeum arc-shaped, with posterior blackish spot near insertion of T1 ( Fig. 198 ); ovipositor dorsal valve with five moderately strong ridges (as in Fig. 286 ).................................................................................. Messatoporus maculipes Kasparyan & Ruíz

35(33) Hind femur entirely bright orange ( Fig. 233 ); mandible entirely black; dorsal margin of mesopleuron black ( Fig. 82 ); hind tibia blackish on apical 0.6...................................................... Messatoporus caxiuanensis sp. nov.

- Hind femur with extensive blackish marks; mandible basally yellow; dorsal margin of mesopleuron yellow; hind tibia blackish on apical 0.2....................................................... Messatoporus femorator Kasparyan & Ruíz

36(2) Epomia complete, even if weak, distinct both along the pronotal collar and after diverging from it ( Fig. 5 )............... 37

- Epomia incomplete, distinct only after diverging from pronotal collar, or epomia indistinct.......................... 44

37(36) Orbital band interrupted or complete but very narrow near dorsal margin of eye ( Figs 103–104 )...................... 38

- Orbital band complete and wide even at dorsal margin of eye ( Fig. 106 )......................................... 41

38(37) Dorsal margin of pronotum at least partially yellow or whitish; T1 dorsally yellowish or whitish at anterior 0.2–0.4; fore wing vein 3-M about as long as vein 2-M...................................................................... 39

- Dorsal margin of pronotum entirely black; T1 dorsally black at anterior 0.2–0.4; fore wing vein 3-M distinctly longer or shorter than vein 2-M....................................................................................... 40

39(38) Flagellum more or less uniform, not enlarged subapically (as in Fig. 262 ); mesosternum mostly black; T7–8 about as long as T5–6 ( Fig. 94 ); ovipositor dorsal valve without ridges (as in Fig. 279 ).................... Messatoporus andinus sp. nov.

- Flagellum strongly widened and flattened subapically (as in Fig. 263 ); mesosternum mostly yellow; T7–8 distinctly longer than T5–6 ( Fig. 72 ); ovipositor dorsal valve with four weak to moderately strong ridges... Messatoporus nigriscapus sp. nov.

40(38) Hind tibia apically black ( Fig. 226 ); T4–7 of female orange ( Fig. 105 ); hind femur bright orange; hind t5 blackish ( Fig. 226 ); propodeum of female posteriorly with one arc-shaped, though medially narrow, yellow mark ( Fig. 191 ); hind tibia of male blackish on apical 0.7–0.8............................................... Messatoporus semiaurantigaster sp. nov.

- Hind tibia of female entirely yellow ( Fig. 220 ); T4–7 black or dark brown, with distinct posterior yellow stripes ( Fig. 104 ); hind femur dark brown; hind t5 whitish ( Fig. 220 ); propodeum with two sublateral small marks ( Fig. 183 ); hind tibia of male blackish on apical 0.2......................................................... Messatoporus orientalis sp. nov.

41(37) Flagellum strongly flattened and widened at sub-abical 0.3 ( Fig. 263 ); ovipositor moderately stout, dorsal valve with moderately strong ridges; hind tibia of female entirely yellow or blackish up to apical 0.2 ( Figs 225–226 ).................... 42

- Flagellum more or less uniform ( Fig. 262 ), not flattened and widened at subapical 0.3; ovipositor slender, dorsal valve without ridges; hind tibia of female blackish on apical 0.6–0.8 ( Figs 231–234 )........................................... 43

42(41) Hind femur entirely orange; fore and mid femora entirely orange; ovipositor dorsal valve with five ridges ( Fig. 284 )............................................................................ Messatoporus compressicornis Cushman

- Hind femur dorsally deep yellow, ventrally black (as in Fig. 237 ); fore and mid femora dorsally with longitudinal brown stripes; ovipositor dorsal valve with four ridges................................. Messatoporus keraiopetalus sp. nov.

43(41) Metapleuron almost entirely yellow or whitish; about 0.50 of surface of hind coxa yellow; mesosternum mostly yellow or whitish; propodeum without distinct sublateral crests ( Fig. 108 ).................... Messatoporus variegatus (Szépligeti)

- Metapleuron mostly black; about 0.05 of surface of hind coxa yellow; mesosternum mostly black; propodeum with distinct sublateral crests ( Fig. 94 )....................................................... Messatoporus andinus sp. nov.

44(36) Hind tibia not entirely yellow, variously marked with black, brown, or orange..................................... 45

- Hind tibia entirely yellow or almost, even if with blackish mark at extreme base ( Figs 225–226 )..................... 47

45(45) Scape ventrally black, brown or orange ( Figs 138–139, 144 ); propodeum with moderately strong sublateral crests........ 46

- Scape ventrally with a small to large yellow or whitish spot ( Figs 143, 145 ); propodeum without distinct sublateral crests, or with very weak crests.............................................. Messatoporus mesonotator Kasparyan & Ruíz

46(45) Mesopleuron mostly black, with or without two small subcircular yellow spots; pronotum centrally black, yellow only at collar and dorsal margin; mesoscutum black; hind coxa almost entirely black or dark brown ( Fig. 94 )..................................................................................................... Messatoporus andinus sp. nov.

- Mesopleuron mostly yellow, black only at scrobe and near sternaulus, with sparse orange marks; pronotum almost entirely yellow; mesoscutum orange; hind coxa entirely yellow ( Fig. 112 )........................ Messatoporus versicolor sp. nov.

47(44) Mesosternum black; dorsal margin of pronotum black ( Figs 101–105 ).......................................... 48

- Mesosternum mostly yellow; dorsal margin of pronotum with narrow yellow line.................................. 49

48(47) Hind femur dorsally bright yellow, ventrally black ( Fig. 239 ); orbital band complete; T1 laterally black at anterior 0.8 ( Fig. 103 ); ventral tooth of mandible distinct, though short.................... Messatoporus mesosternalis Kasparyan & Ruíz

- Hind femur entirely orange (as in Figs 209–212 ); orbital band shortly interrupted at dorsal margin of eye; T1 laterally yellow ( Fig. 55 ); ventral tooth of mandible indistinct.................................... Messatoporus unidentatus sp. nov.

49(47) Hind femur entirely orange (as in Figs 225, 227 ); T2–8 orange ( Fig. 52 ); fore wing vein 3-M distinctly shorter than 2-M (as in Fig. 251 )................................................................. Messatoporus apiopharkis sp. nov.

- Hind femur dorsally bright yellow, ventrally blackish ( Fig. 237 ); T2–8 black, with posterior yellow stripes ( Fig. 73 ); fore wing vein 3-M about as long as 2-M (as in Fig. 243 ).................................. Messatoporus depressifrons sp. nov.

50(1) Scape ventrally black, brown or orange ( Figs 138–139, 144 ).................................................. 51

- Scape ventrally with a small to large yellow or whitish spot ( Figs 143, 145 )...................................... 74

51(50) Orbital band interrupted or complete but very narrow near dorsal margin of eye, or absent ( Figs 103–104 , 260 ).......... 52

- Orbital band complete and wide even at dorsal margin of eye, even if narrower than at most of gena ( Fig. 106 , 261 )...... 63

52(51) Mandible of female at least partially yellow or orange ( Figs 140–148 )........................................... 53

- Mandible of female entirely black or dark brown ( Fig. 139, 149 )............................................... 57

53(52) Ovipositor dorsal valve with 3–5 very weak to moderately strong ridges; fore tibia strongly inflated; cluster of bristles at mesal lobe of hind t4 distinct and represented by numerous bristles.................................................. 54

- Ovipositor dorsal valve without ridges; fore tibia not or only slightly inflated; cluster of bristles at mesal lobe of hind t4 small, reduced to 3–4 bristles................................................................................. 56

54(53) Mesosoma orange; hind tibia not entirely yellow; T2–8 black with posterior whitish stripes.......................... 56

- Mesosoma mostly black; hind tibia entirely yellow; T2–8 orange, even if with sparse blackish marks ( Fig. 54 )...................................................................................... Messatoporus teutonicus sp. nov.

55(54) Fore tibia and tarsus light orange or yellowish; supra-clypeal area yellow; propodeal wrinkles strong, moderately widely spaced; posterior whitish stripes at T2–4 subcircular.............................. Messatoporus lissonotus (Cameron)

- Fore tibia and tarsus whitish; supra-clypeal area orange; propodeal wrinkles weak and very closely spaced; posterior whitish stripes at T2–4 not subcircular... Messatoporus citreocephalus sp. nov.

56(54) Head, meso- and metasoma mostly orange; orbital band complete; orbital band complete ( Fig. 113 ); propodeal wrinkles not developed, most of posterior area of propodeum areolate-rugulose ( Fig. 162 ).............. Messatoporus advenus sp. nov.

- Head, meso- and metasomal mostly black ( Fig. 95 ); orbital band incomplete; propodeal wrinkles developed......................................................................................... Messatoporus matucanus sp. nov.

57(52) Propodeum with blackish marks, or entirely black brown ( Figs 162–164 , 174–206 ); fore wing vein 3-M distinctly longer or shorter than vein 2-M ( Fig. 251 )......................................................................... 58

- Propodeum entirely orange ( Figs 165–173 ) or with whitish marks; fore wing vein 3-M about as long as vein 2-M ( Fig. 243 ).. ................................................................................................... 61

58(57) Mesopleuron with central yellow mark; dorsal margin of pronotum and metapleuron extensively marked with yellow..... 59

- Mesopleuron without central yellow mark; dorsal margin of pronotum and metapleuron not marked with yellow......... 60

59(58) Orbital band complete; T2 anteriorly with sublateral ovoid yellow marks, sometimes connected; T1 laterally laterally marked with blackish ( Fig. 68 ); ovipositor dorsal valve with five ridges..................... Messatoporus amplithorax sp. nov.

- Orbital band shortly interrupted at dorsal margin of eye; T2 anteriorly without sublateral ovoid yellow marks; T1 laterally yellow; ovipositor dorsal valve with three ridges ( Fig. 69 )............................. Messatoporus interceptus sp. nov.

60(58) T2–8 black with posterior yellow or whitish stripes ( Fig. 50 ); hind tibia entirely yellow; ovipositor dorsal valve with five moderately strong ridges........................................................ Messatoporus nigriscutus sp. nov.

- T2–8 brown, anteriorly darker ( Fig. 90 ); tibia not entirely yellow; ovipositor dorsal valve without ridges (as in Fig. 279 ).................................................................................. Messatoporus badius sp. nov.

61(57) T4–7 black or dark brown, with or without yellow or whitish stripes; pronotum mostly blackish ( Figs 49 , 88 ); hind femur mostly black or dark brown ( Fig. 213 , 240 ); ovipositor dorsal valve with four moderately strong ridges................ 62

- T4–7 orange, even if with sparse blackish marks; pronotum mostly pale yellow or whitish ( Fig. 40 ); hind femur bright orange (as in Figs 207–212 ); ovipositor dorsal valve with three very weak ridges.............. Messatoporus longitergus sp. nov.

62(61) Mesoscutum bright orange; hind coxa with apical blackish mark ( Fig. 88 ); propodeal wrinkles very closely spaced, posterior transverse carina entirely absent (as in Fig. 169–170 ); supra-clypeal area mostly blackish... Messatoporus anepomius sp. nov.

- Mesoscutum black; hind coxa entirely orange ( Fig. 49 ); propodeal wrinkles moderately widely spaced, posterior transverse carina distinct as moderately strong sublateral crests ( Fig. 165 ); supra-clypeal area entirely whitish or yellow...................................................................................... Messatoporus albiaterartus sp. nov.

63(51) Propodeum of female and male with blackish marks, or entirely black; mesopleuron with one or two small to large central marks.............................................................................................. 64

- Propodeum of female without blackish marks; propodeum of male rarely with anterior area black; mesopleuron without distinct central mark, entirely black or orange except for subalar ridge (rarely mesopleuron with small dorsal yellowish mark)... ................................................................................................... 70

64(63) Flagellum more or less uniform or only slightly enlarged subapically ( Fig. 262 )................................... 65

- Flagellum slightly to strongly widened and flattened subapically ( Figs 35 , 263 )................................... 69

65(64) Postscutellum yellow ( Figs 158–159 )..................................................................... 66

- Postscutellum black ( Figs 155–157 )...................................................................... 68

66(65) Dorsal margin of pronotum yellow ( Figs 64 , 112 ); ovipositor dorsal valve without ridges ( Fig. 279 ); T7–8 of females about as long or shorter than T5–6 ( Figs 64 , 112 )................................................................... 67

- Dorsal margin of pronotum black ( Fig. 101 ); ovipositor dorsal valve with four moderately strong ridges (as in Fig. 279 ); T7–8 of females longer than T5–6 ( Fig. 101 )........................................... Messatoporus basiflavus sp. nov.

67(66) Mesoscutum black; pronotum centrally black; mesopleuron black with large C-shaped yellow mark; propodeum without sublateral crests ( Fig. 64 ).......................................................... Messatoporus lunatus sp. nov.

- Mesoscutum bright orange; pronotum almost entirely yellow; mesopleuron almost entirely yellow, with sparse orange and blackish marks; propodeum with moderately strong sublateral crests ( Fig. 112 )........... Messatoporus versicolor sp. nov.

68(65) Mandible basally yellow ( Fig. 140 ); anterior area of propodeum with sublateral yellow spots ( Fig. 185 ); pronotum mostly black ( Fig. 67 ); yellow marks at posterior area of propodeum not connected ( Fig. 185 )................................................................................................... Messatoporus transversostriatus (Spinola)

- Mandible entirely black (as in Fig. 139 ); anterior area of propodeum without sublateral yellow spots pronotum mostly yellow ( Fig. 63 ); yellow marks at posterior area of propodeum connected in a single arc-shaped mark (as in Fig. 197 )............................................................................... Messatoporus terebrator Kasparyan & Ruíz

69(64) Dorsal margin of pronotum yellow ( Figs 115–116 ); hind tibia entirely yellow or light orange (as in Fig. 207 ); T1 dorsally yellowish or whitish on basal 0.25........................................... Messatoporus townesi Alayo & Tzankov

- Dorsal margin of pronotum black ( Fig. 102 ); hind tibia black on apical 0.25 ( Fig. 229 ); T1 dorsally black on basal 0.25............................................................................... Messatoporus occidentalis sp. nov.

70(63) Mandible of female at least partially yellow, orange or light brown ( Figs 140–148 ); posterior transverse carina of propodeum complete or distinct as weak to moderately strong sublateral crests ( Figs 44 , 46 , 87 )................................ 71

- Mandible of female entirely black or dark brown ( Figs 139, 149 ); posterior transverse carina of propodeum entirely absent, not forming sublateral crests ( Figs 42 , 86 ).................................................................... 73

71(70) Mesoscutum and pronotum mostly or entirely orange or light brown ( Figs 153–154 ); posterior transverse carina of propodeum incomplete or distinct only as sublateral crests.............................................................. 72

- Mesoscutum and pronotum mostly black ( Fig. 44 ); posterior transverse carina of propodeum complete....................................................................................... Messatoporus paraguayensis (Szépligeti)

72(71) Pronotum, dorsal and ventral divisions of metapleuron and propodeum with bright yellow marks; T7–8 about as long as T5–6 ( Fig. 87 ); ovipositor dorsal valve without ridges (as in Fig. 279 )....................... Messatoporus argentinus sp. nov.

- Pronotum, dorsal and ventral divisions of metapleuron and propodeum without bright yellow marks; T7–8 longer than T5–6 ( Fig. 46 ); ovipositor dorsal valve with four moderately strong ridges (as in Fig. 185 ).. Messatoporus paralissonotus sp. nov.

73(70) Pronotum almost entirely pale yellow or whitish; T2–8 entirely orange; hind coxa, trochanter and femur orange ( Fig. 42 ); occipital carina fading out far from hypostomal carina................................ Messatoporus pallidus sp. nov.

- Pronotum bright yellow at collar and dorsal margin, centrally orange, ventrally black; T2–8 marked with bright yellow, orange and dark brown; hind coxa with apical dark brown mark ( Fig. 86 ); hind trochanters and femur entirely dark brown; occipital carina meeting hypostomal carina, though apically weak........................... Messatoporus xanthogaster sp. nov.

74(50) Hind tibia not uniformly yellow, variously marked with black, brown, or orange; ovipositor dorsal valve usually without ridges ................................................................................................... 75

- Hind tibia entirely yellow or almost so, even if with blackish mark at extreme base ( Figs 225–227 ); ovipositor dorsal valve with three to five ridges................................................................................ 86

75(74) Orbital band interrupted or complete but very narrow near dorsal margin of eye ( Figs 103–104 )...................... 76

- Orbital band complete and wide even at dorsal margin of eye ( Fig. 106 )......................................... 81

76(75) Dorsal margin of pronotum at least partially yellow or whitish ( Figs 48–49 , 96–100 )............................... 77

- Dorsal margin of pronotum entirely black or orange ( Figs 36–39 , 101–105 )...................................... 79

77(76) Hind coxa entirely orange ( Fig. 210 ); postscutellum black ( Figs 155–157 )........................................ 78

- Hind coxa posteriorly pale yellow, usually with narrow blackish line between orange and yellow areas ( Fig. 61 ); postscutellum pale yellow ( Fig. 159 )........................................................... Messatoporus opacus sp. nov.

78(77) Mesopleuron with a central yellow mark ( Fig. 57 ); hind femur dark brown ( Fig. 213 ); transverse sulcus of propodeum moderately long, 0.64 × as long as anterior area ( Fig. 178 ); subalar ridge with distinct yellow or whitish mark........................................................................................... Messatoporus maculiscus sp. nov.

- Mesopleuron without central yellow mark ( Fig. 120 ); hind femur orange; transverse sulcus of propodeum very long, 1.00 × as long as anterior area; subalar ridge without distinct yellow mark....................... Messatoporus dialeipsis sp. nov.

79(76) T4–7 orange, even if with sparse blackish marks; pronotum surface without distinct longitudinal wrinkles ( Figs 36, 39 ); ovipositor dorsal valve with 3–5 moderately strong ridges....................................................... 80

- T4–7 black or dark brown, with distinct apical yellow or whitish stripes; pronotum surface with distinct, even if weak wrinkles ( Figs 45 , 56 ); ovipositor dorsal valve without ridges................................ Messatoporus tenuiorbis sp. nov.

80(79) Fore wing 7.28–10.50 mm long; T2–8 entirely orange or with weak fuscous or blackish marks ( Fig. 36 ); cluster of bristles at mesal lobe of hind t4 distinct and represented by numerous bristles (as in Fig. 266 ); fore wing crossvein 3r-m present, even if spectral or very weak, cell 1+2Rs closed....................................... Messatoporus apertus (Taschenberg)

- Fore wing 4.75–5.58 mm long; T2–8 with distinct anterior dark brown marks ( Fig. 39 ); cluster of bristles at mesal lobe of hind t4 small, reduced to 3-4 bristles (as in Fig. 265 ); fore wing crossvein 3r-m absent, cell 1+2Rs open (as in Fig. 250 )................................................................................... Messatoporus amarelus sp. nov.

81(75) Central whitish or yellow mark of mesopleuron not connected to whitish or yellow mark on subalar ridge ( Figs 57 , 62 ).... 82

- Central whitish or yellow mark of mesopleuron connected to whitish or yellow mark on subalar ridge ( Figs 59, 60 )....... 84

82(81) Propodeum and mesopleuron with usually extensive blackish marks; ovipositor dorsal valve without ridges; mesoscutum black with subcircular or U-shaped mark; T2–8 either orange or blackish with posterior yellow stripes...................... 83

- Propodeum and mesopleuron without blackish marks; ovipositor dorsal valve with four moderately strong ridges; mesoscutum bright orange to brown, with subcircular spot; T2–8 almost entirely orange.............. Messatoporus fulvator Kasparyan

83(82) Hind tarsus blackish, with dorsal whitish mark at t3–4; hind coxa entirely orange; arc-shaped mark on propodeum very narrow ( Fig. 194 ); T2–8 always black with posterior yellow or whitish stripes................ Messatoporus dominicanus sp. nov.

- Hind tarsus whitish except base of t1; hind coxa almost always with blackish and/or yellowish marks; arc-shaped mark on propodeum moderately wide; T2–8 orange or black with posterior yellow or whitish marks.................................................................................................... Messatoporus discoidalis (Cresson)

84(81) Anterior area of propodeum with blackish marks; T1 mostly orange or yellow, with dorsal blackish mark ( Fig. 60 ); hind femur entirely orange ( Figs 207–212 ).......................................................................... 85

- Anterior area of propodeum orange; T1 mostly black ( Fig. 59 ); hind femur blackish on apical 0.4 (as in Figs 224, 226 )............................................................................ Messatoporus nigriangulatus sp. nov.

85(84) Postscutellum black (as in Figs 155–157 ); hind coxa entirely orange; pronotum with posterior blackish mark ( Fig. 60 ).................................................................................. Messatoporus elektor sp. nov.

- Postscutellum yellow (as in Figs 158–159 ); hind coxa with dorsal blackish mark; pronotum entirely whitish................................................................................... Messatoporus rufator Kasparyan & Ruíz

86(74) Propodeum with blackish marks, or entirely black ( Figs 174–206 ); mesopleuron with central yellow mark; wrinkles on pronotum distinct......................................................................................... 87

- Propodeum entirely orange ( Figs 165–172 ); mesopleuron orange, without central yellow mark ( Figs 36–50 ); wrinkles on pronotum absent or vestigial............................................................................... 91

87(86) Postscutellum black or orange ( Figs 155–157 ); dorsal margin of pronotum yellow or whitish......................... 90

- Postscutellum yellow or whitish ( Figs 158–159 ); dorsal margin of pronotum black ( Fig. 58 ).................................................................................................... Messatoporus pleuriflavus sp. nov.

88(87) T4–7 black or dark brown, with distinct apical yellow or whitish stripes ( Fig. 70 ).................................. 89

- T4–7 orange, even if with sparse blackish marks ( Fig. 51 )........................... Messatoporus euryoikos sp. nov.

89(88) Central whitish or yellow mark on mesopleuron not connected to whitish or yellow mark on subalar ridge ( Fig. 70 )....... 90

- Central whitish or yellow mark on mesopleuron connected to whitish or yellow mark on subalar ridge (as in Figs 76–77 )....................................................................... Messatoporus kerzhneri Kasparyan & Ruíz

90(89) Flagellum more or less uniform or only slightly enlarged subapically; fore wing crossvein 3r-m absent, cell 1+2Rs open (as in Fig. 250 )................................................................... Messatoporus zonatus (Cresson)

- Flagellum somewhat widened and flattened subapically ( Fig. 35 ); fore wing crossvein 3r-m present, even if spectral or very weak, cell 1+2Rs closed...................................................... Messatoporus allomeros sp. nov.

91(86) T2–8 black with posterior whitish or yellow stripes ( Figs 47–48 ).............................................. 92

- T2–8 orange or brownish, even if with sparse blackish marks ( Figs 37–38 , 43 ).................................... 93

92(91) Pronotum, mesoscutum and postscutellum mostly or entirely black ( Fig. 47 ); scutellar carina, scutellum, tegula and subalar ridge mostly or entirely whitish (as in Fig. 159 ); sternaulus medially indistinct............ Messatoporus convexus sp. nov.

- Pronotum, mesoscutum and postscutellum entirely orange (as in Fig. 153 ); scutellar carina, scutellum, tegula and subalar ridge orange; sternaulus complete................................................... Messatoporus latissulcus sp. nov.

93(91) Mesoscutum and pronotum entirely orange; ovipositor slightly to strongly upcurved ( Fig. 265 ); transverse sulcus on base of propodeum 0.64–0.8 × as long as anterior area ( Fig. 166 )..................................................... 94

- Mesoscutum and pronotum mostly black ( Fig. 43 ); ovipositor straight (as in Fig. 266 ); transverse sulcus on base of propodeum 1.13 × as long as anterior area.................................................. Messatoporus laevilatus sp. nov.

94(93) Ovipositor very long, OST 2.50 ( Fig. 269 ); mesoscutum very strongly convex ( Fig. 38 ); fore tibia not distinctly swollen.............................................................................. Messatoporus longicaudis sp. nov.

- Ovipositor moderately long, OST 1.20; mesoscutum moderately convex ( Fig. 37 ); fore tibia distinctly swollen (as in Fig. 33 , bottom).................................................................... Messatoporus aurantius sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Terms for structures used in the present work. Messatoporus orientalis. mesosoma, lateral view; ppl, propleuron; pnt, pronotum; pnc, pronotal collar; epo, epomia; dmp, dorsal margin of pronotum; pmp, posterior margin of pronotum; msc, mesoscutum; nl, notaulus; sar, subalar ridge; mpl, mesopleuron; dmm, dorsal margin of mesopleuron; epc, epicnemial carina; stn, sternaulus; hyp, hypoepimeron; scr, scrobe; vmm, ventral margin of mesopleuron; mps, mesopleural suture; mst, mesosternum; ddm, dorsal division of metapleuron; mpt, metapleural triangle; mtpl, ventral division of metapleuton (metapleuron); ppd, propodeum.

FIGURE 33. Schematic representation of the phylogeny of Messatoporus showing evolution of the character 41 in Analysis 2. Gray branches represent the ancestral state displayed at top right. The strongly swollen, fusiform fore tibia (black branches) is a convergence with Gabuniina and may have evolved one or two times (black squares), with one reversion to the ancestral state (gray square). Triangles indicate clades with more than one terminal taxon; the black dumbell marks the “Ridges” group; dotted branches indicate uncertainess about the state. The tree displayed in the figure was obtained from searches with K4.

FIGURE 35. Schematic representation of the phylogeny of Messatoporus showing evolution of the character 9 in Analysis 2. Gray branches represent the ancestral state displayed at top right. A slightly subapically flattened and widened (black branches) is a found in many groups within Cryptinae. It evolved a single time (black square) in Messatoporus, with a second modification to a strongly flattened antenna in the compressiornis group (white square and white branches). Triangles indicate clades with more than one terminal taxon; the black dumbell marks the “Ridges” group. The tree displayed in the figure was obtained from searches with K4.

FIGURE 138. Prosthoporus nigrispinus, new combination, holotype female, lateral view.

FIGURES 139–152. Head, frontal view. 139, M. nigriscutus*. 140, M. transversostriatus. 141, M. maculiscus. 142, M. laevilatus. 143, M. elektor*. 144, M. versicolor*. 52. 145, M. opacus*. 146, M. semialbiventris*. 147, M. lunatus*. 148, M. bimaculatus*. 149, M. andinus*. 150, M. bennetti*. 151, M. teutonicus*. 152, M. paeneater*.

FIGURES 153–161. Mesoscutum, dorsal view. 153, M. lissonotus. 154, M. copiosus*. 155, M. pallidus*. 156, M. semialbiventris*. 157, M. nigriangulatus*. 158, M. orientalis*. 159, M. opacus*. 160, M. bimaculatus*. 161, M. jalapa.

FIGURES 51–55. Lateral view. 51, M. euryoikos. 52, M. apiopharkis*. 53, M. lordos. 54, M. teutonicus*. 55, M. unidentatus*.

FIGURES 61–65. Lateral view. 61, M. opacus*. 62, M.discoidalis. 63, M. terebrator*. 64, M. lunatus. 65, M. dominicanus*.

FIGURES 91–95. Lateral view. 91, M. bicolor*. 92, M. paeneater*. 93, M. semialbiventris*. 94, M. andinus*. 95, M. matucanus*.

FIGURES 96–100. Lateral view. 96, M. bennetti*. 97, M. bimaculatus*. 98, M. unimaculatus*. 99, M. tenuissimus*. 100, M. disidens*.

FIGURES 242–259. Wings. 242–253, Fore wing. 242, M. convexus. 243, M. teutonicus. 244, M. anepomius*. 245, M. andinus. 246, M. apertus. 247, M. paraguayensis. 248, M. jalapa. 249, M. euryoikos. 250, M. copiosus. 251, M. lissonotus. 252, M. unidentatus. 253, M. transversostriatus. 254–259, Hind wing. 254, M. amplithorax. 255, M. andinus. 256, M. teutonicus. 257, M. euryoikos. 258, M. copiosus. 259, M. ellipsicavus.

FIGURES 218–223. Hind leg. 218, M. nigriscutus. 219, M. bennetti*. 220, M. atlanticus. 221, M. lissonotus. 222, M. paeneater*. 223, M. orientalis.

FIGURES 76–80. Lateral view. 76, M. covarrubiasi. 77, M. grandis. 78, M. mesonotator. 79, M. jalapa. 80, M. maculipes.

FIGURES 260–271. 260–261, Gena, lateral. 260, M. longicaudis*. 261, M. compressicornis. 262–264, Antenna. 262, M. tibiator. 263, M. compresscornis. 264, M. antennator, male. 265–266, Hind t4. 265, M. paeneater*. 266, M. nigriscutus*. 267–271, Metasoma and ovipositor. 267, M. opacus*. 268, M. discoidalis. 269, M. longicaudis*. 270, M. convexus. 271, M. townesi.

FIGURES 86–90. Lateral view. 86, M. xanthogaster*. 87, M. argentines*. 88, M. anepomius*. 89, M. paradoxus*. 90, M. badius*.

FIGURES 189–197. Propodeum, dorsal view. 189, M. bimaculatus. 190, M. unidentatus*. 191, M. semiaurantigaster. 192, M. occidentalis. 193, M. tibiator. 194, M. dominicanus*. 195, M. jalapa. 196, M. allomeros*. 197, M. mesonotator.

FIGURES 162–170. Propodeum, dorsal view. 162, M. advenus*. 163, M. paradoxus*. 164, M. badius*. 165, M. albiaterartus*. 166, M. longicaudis*. 167, M. amarelus. 168, M. apertus. 169, M. convexus*. 170, M. laevilatus.

FIGURES 180–188. Propodeum, dorsal view. 180, M. concavivenus*. 181, M. teutonicus. 182, M. semialbiventris*. 183, M. orientalis*. 184, M. euryoikos. 185, M. transversostriatus. 186, M. titans*. 187, M. amplithorax. 188, M. lordos.

FIGURES 279–288. Ovipositor tip. 279, M. discoidalis. 280, M. paradoxus*. 281, M. tibiator. 282, M. citreocephalus*. 283, M. teutonicus*. 284, M. compressicornis. 285, M. nigriscutus*. 286, M. bennetti*. 287, M. semiaurantigaster*. 288, M. titans*.

FIGURES 66–70. Lateral view. 66, M. titans*. 67, M. transversostriatus. 68, M. amplithorax. 69, M. interceptus. 70, M. allomeros*.

FIGURES 119–123. Male specimens, lateral view. 119, M. igneus. 120, M. dialeipsis. 121, M. concavivenus*. 122, M. subalaris*. 123, M. antennator.

FIGURES 230–235. Hind leg. 230, M. tenuissimus*. 231, M. variegatus. 232, M. unimaculatus*. 233, M. caxiuanensis*. 234, M. bimaculatus*. 235, M. tibiator.

FIGURES 56–60. Lateral view. 56, M. tenuiorbis*. 57, M. maculiscus*. 58, M. pleuriflavus*. 59, M. nigriangularus*. 60, M. elektor*.

FIGURES 81–85. Lateral view. 81, M. atlanticus*. 82, M. caxiuanensis*. 83, M. copiosus*. 84, M. ellipsicavus. 85, M. fulvator.

FIGURES 111–114. Lateral view. 111, M. atrifoveus*. 112, M. versicolor*. 113, M. advenus*. 114, M. tibiator.

FIGURES 71–75. Lateral view. 71, M. compressicornis*. 72, M. nigriscapus*. 73, M. depressifrons*. 74, M. keraiopetalus. 75, M. arcuatus.

FIGURES 236–241. Hind leg. 236, M. mesonotator. 237, M. arcuatus. 238, M. keraiopetalus. 239, M. mesosternalis. 240, M. albiaterartus*. 241, M. versicolor*.

FIGURES 106–110. Lateral view. 106, M. amazonensis. 107, M. propodeator. 108, M. variegatus. 109, M. complexifemur*. 110, M. campanulatus*.

FIGURES 198–206. Propodeum, dorsal view. 198, M. maculipes. 199, M. caxiuanensis*. 200, M. amazonensis. 201, M. variegatus. 202, M. atrifoveus*. 203, M. dissidens*. 204, M. complexifemur. 205, M. copiosus. 206, M. ellipsicavus*.

FIGURES 224–229. Hind leg. 224, M. opacus*. 225, M. euryoikos. 226, M. semiaurantigaster. 227, M. interceptus. 228, M. discoidalis. 229, M. occidentalis.

FIGURES 213–217. Hind leg. 213, M. maculiscus. 214, M. complexifemur*. 215, M. jalapa. 216, M. ellipsicavus*. 217, M. paralissonotus.

FIGURES 101–105. Lateral view. 101, M. basiflavus*. 102, M. occidentalis*. 103, M. mesosternalis. 104, M. orientalis. 105, M. semiaurantigaster.

FIGURES 207–212. Hind leg. 207, M. convexus. 208, M. copiosus. 209, M. apertus. 210, M. paraguayensis. 211, M. amarelus. 212, M. amazonensis.

FIGURES 171–179. Propodeum, dorsal view. 171, M. paraguayensis. 172, M. pallidus*. 173, M. fulvator. 174, M. nigriscutus*. 175, M. tenuirobis*. 176, M. elektor*. 177, M. versicolor*. 178, M. maculiscus. 179, M. opacus*.

FIGURES 46–50. Lateral view. 46, M. paralissonotus. 47, M. latissulcus*. 48, M. convexus*. 49, M. albiaterartus*. 50, M. nigriscutus.

FIGURES 36–40. Lateral view. 36, M. apertus. 37, M. aurantius*. 38, M. longicaudis*. 39, M. amarelus. 40, M. longitergus*.

FIGURES 115–118. 115–116: M. townesi, lateral view. 115, Lectotype, head, mesosoma, metasoma and wings. 116, Paralectotype female, mesosoma and metasoma. 117–118: Male specimens, lateral view. 117, M. semialbiventris. 118, M. andinus.

FIGURES 41–45. Lateral view. 41, M. citreocephalus*. 42, M. pallidus*. 43, M. laevilatus. 44, M. paraguayensis. 45, M. lissonotus.