Orthomorpha coarctata (Saussure, 1860)

Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador, Rodrigues, Patrícia Elesbão da Silva, Almeida, Thais Melo de, Ott, Ricardo & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, A preliminary survey and range extension of millipedes species introduced in Brazil (Myriapoda, Diplopoda), Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61, pp. 1-18 : 6-8

Orthomorpha coarctata (Saussure, 1860) ( Figs. 1B , 4A , 5B )

Descriptive notes: See Likhitrakarn et al. (2011: 12, figs. 4-8).

Note: Based on examined material, immatures and females of O. coarctata cannot be identified and morphologically distinguished from those of Oxidus gracilis . The species was placed in the genus Asiomorpha by Verhoeff (1939), and its taxonomic position is under discussion (see Likhitrakarn et al., 2011, 2019; Nguyen & Sierwald, 2013).For a listing purpose,we maintained the species in Orthomorpha according to the latest taxonomic reviews (for more details, see Likhitrakarn et al., 2011, 2019).

Identification: The species can be easily separated from autochthones Neotropical paradoxosomatids mainly by gonopod features ( Fig. 5B ). Males of O. coarctata are recognized by a single terminal lobule on gonopod tip; spikes and denticles either missing or nearly missing ( Likhitrakarn et al., 2011, 2019).

Distribution: The species is widely distributed in the tropics ( Nguyen & Sierwald, 2013), occurring in USA, Hawaii ( Shelley et al., 1998), Caribbean islands ( Nguyen & Sierwald, 2013), and SE Asia ( Korsós, 2004). Orthomorpha coarctata is distributed predominantly in the North and Southeast regions in Brazil, occurring in urban and rural areas, greenhouses, forests, and islands.

Material examined: Acre: Rio Branco [- 09.95938889°S; - 67.85665556°W], 09.x.2017, J.A. Rafael coll., ♀ ( INPA) ; Amazonas : Boca do Tefé [- 03.488378°S; - 64.843366°W], mata rio Solimões, ix.1952, Equipe IBSP coll., 6♂ 2♀ ( IBSP 106 ) ; Careiro da Várzea , Ilha do Careiro [- 03.16607500°S; - 59.73265278°W], 08.vii.1997, K. Vohland coll., ♂ ( INPA) ; Manaus , Residencial Nascentes do Tarumã [- 02.99222222°S; - 60.03416667°W], 05.vii.2016, T. Mahlmann coll., 20♂ 61♀ ( INPA) ; Igarapé Cururu [- 03.12666667°S; - 59.94055556°W], 22-24. ii.2007, N.O. Aguiar et al., coll., ♀ ( INPA) ; Bosque da Ciência [- 03.09743889°S; - 59.98781389°W], 07.v.2017, T. M. Almeida coll., 31♂ 13♀ ( INPA) ; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia , campus II [- 03.096214°S; - 59.989578°W], 20.iv.2016, 2♂ ( INPA) ; campus INPA, secondary forest [- 03.13333333°S; - 60.01666667°W], 03.viii.1995, J. Adis et al., coll., 21♀ 10♂ ( INPA) ; campus of Universidade Federal do Amazonas ( UFAM) [- 03.10024444°S; - 59.97850000°W], 07.x.2005, M.L. Custódio coll., ♂ 2♀ ( INPA) ; 09.ii.2015, N. T. B.Antunes coll., ♀ ( INPA) ; Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental , banana plantation, near the Climatology laboratory [- 02.893680556°S; - 59.9730667°W], 28.iv.2016, T. M. Almeida & A.E.C. Silveira coll., 3♂ ♀ ( INPA) ; Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke [- 02.96334444°S; - 59.92283333°W], 17.v.2014, 7♂ 6♀ ( INPA) ; 23.vii.2015, 2♂ ( INPA) ; 20.xii.2018, T. M. Almeida coll., 6♂, 4♀ ( INPA) ; 20♀ 20♂ ( INPA) ; Presidente Figueiredo [- 01.797656°S; - 59.973303°W], 16.vii.1996, K. Vohland coll., ♀ ♂ ( INPA) ; Rondônia : Porto Velho, Parque Municipal [- 10.738177°S; - 62.218467°W], 02.iii.2010, G. Miranda coll., ♂ 2♀ 1 immature ( MNRJ) ; Porto Velho , campus Universidade Federal de Rondônia – UNIR [- 08.76349167°S; - 63.906575°W], tree trunk, 14.xi.2016, A. Andriolo coll., ♀ ( INPA) ; Pará : Itaituba [- 04.275500°S; - 55.992846°W], 08.vii.2003, J. de Fronte coll., 5♂ 3♀ ( MCTP 124 ) ; Belém , Campus MPEG [- 01.451628°S; - 48.446535°W], 10-30.vi.2010, R. Ott coll., ♂ ♀ ( MPEG) ; Belterra , urban area [- 03.161651°S; - 54.965476°W], 26-29.x.2009, Equipe IBSP coll., ♂ ( IBSP 7758 ) ; Paraíba : João Pessoa [- 07.124538°S; - 34.845187°W], O. Schubart coll., ♂ ( MNRJ 11721 ) ; x.1935, O. Schubart coll., 16 specimens ( MNRJ 11707 ) ; 10.x.1935, L. Cordeiro coll., 2♂ ( MNRJ 11692 ) ; Pernambuco : Recife [- 08.056951°S; - 34.929493°W], O. Schubart coll., 2♂ 2♀ ( MNRJ 11705 ) ; 2♀ ( MNRJ 11690 ) ; ♂ ( MNRJ 11687 ) ; ♀ ( MNRJ 11712 ) ; O. Schubart coll., 2♂ 3♀ ( MNRJ11715 ) ; 29.i.1935, O.Schubart coll., ♂ ( MNRJ 11709 ) ; Parque Estadual de Dois Irmãos , ix.1936, O. Schubart coll., ♂ ( MNRJ 11688 ) ; Jiquiá , O. Schubart coll., 12♂ ( MNRJ 11699 ) ; Tegipió [- 08.056961°S; - 34.929503°W], 06.i.1932, O. Schubart coll., ♀ 2 immatures ( MNRJ 11718 ) ; Torres [- 08.056958°S;- 34.929500°W], O. Schubart coll., ♂ ♀ 1 immature ( MNRJ 11720 ) ; Ilha Itamaracá [- 08.056961°S; - 34.929503°W], O. Schubart coll., 24♂ ( MNRJ 11704 ) ; Ruínas do Engenho Amparo , O. Schubart coll., ♂ 2♀ ( MNRJ 11713 ) ; Fernando de Noronha [- 03.863123°S; - 32.440625°W], Praia do Leão, 10.vi.2019, ♂ ♀ ( INPA) ; Ilha Rata , 01-09.vi.2019, J.A. Rafael & D.M.M. Mendes coll., ♀ ( INPA) ; Trilha do Capim- AÇu, 01-09.vi.2019, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira & D.M.M. Mende coll., 3♂ 2♀ ( INPA) ; Mangue , southeast part of Ilha Rata mangue, 01-09.vi.2019, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira & D.M.M. Mende coll., ♀ ( INPA) ; Tocantins : Araguaína [- 15.200975°S; - 51.852218°W], São João, 05.xi.2016, K.S. Pacheco coll., 2♂ 1 immature ( IBSP 7500 ) ; Setor Cimba , 22.x.2014, J. Pereira coll., ♂ ( IBSP 7498 ) ; Lageado [- 09.871592°S; - 48.297346°W], Área urbana, 23.iv.2002, I. Knysak, R. Martins & G. Puorto coll., 19♂ 5♀ 6 immatures ( IBSP 1556 ) ; Palmas [- 09.760156°S; - 48.378491°W], U.H.E. Luís Eduardo Magalhães, 22.xi.2000, I. Knysak, R. Martins & G. Puorto coll., ♂ ( IBSP 857 ) ; 22.xi.2000, R. Martins & G. Puorto coll., 8♂ 14♀ 1 immature ( IBSP 846 ) ; 21.iii.2001, R. Martins & G. Puorto coll., ♂ 2♀ 1 immature ( IBSP 880 ) ; ♂ ♀ ( IBSP 881 ) ; ♀ ( IBSP 873 ) ; ♀ ( IBSP 863 ) ; 4♂ 4♀ 1 immature ( IBSP 883 ) ; Porto Nacional [- 10.759459°S; - 48.398068°W], Ribeirão Santa Luzia, U.H.E. Luís Eduardo Magalhães, 20.i.2000, I. Knysak, R. Martins & G. Puorto coll., 4♂ ♀ ( IBSP 938 ) ; Wanderlândia [- 06.929806°S; - 48.006315°W], 30.ix.2014, ♂ ( IBSP 7499 ). Mato Grosso: Cuiabá [- 15.600776°S; - 56.074270°W], 14.v.2015, Francisco coll., 3♂ ( UFMT) ; Pedregal , 12.vii.2012, R. Pinto coll., ♂ ( UFMT) ; campus UFMT, 17.viii.2016, B. Martins coll., ♂ ( UFMT) ; 23.v.2017, T. Amorim coll., 2♂ 3♀ ( UFMT) ; 26.vi.2017, G. Brunna coll., ♂ ( UFMT) ; xii.2012, V. S. Falcio coll., ♂ ( UFMT) ; 09.vii.2017, J. R. Silva coll., 2♂ ( UFMT) ; 19.viii.2016, K. Fonseca & M. Martello coll., 2♂ ♀ ( UFMT) ; CPA III, 17.ii.2011, C.C.L. Dias coll., ♂ ( UFMT) ; 15.v.2011, A.F.S. Assis coll., ♂ ( UFMT) ; Bairro Tijucal , 18.vii.2010, R. Moraes coll., ♂ ( UFMT) ; Várzea Grande [- 15.650197°S; - 56.132670°W], 16.ix.2013, A.C. Santos coll., ♂ ( UFMT) ; Minas Gerais : Belo Horizonte [- 19.921015°S; - 43.947253°W], 01.i.1999, A.J. Santos coll., ♂ ♀ ( IBSP 1306 ) ; FAE UFMG [- 19.873236°S;- 43.966837°W], iv.2006, L. Bernardi coll., 4♂ ♀ ( IBSP 2910 ) ; Raul Soares , São Vicente da Estrela [- 19.960899°S; - 42.438840°W], 06.i.2002, E.N. de Jesus coll., ♂ 2♀ ( IBSP 961 ) ; Cordisburgo [- 19.067019°S; - 44.215763°W], 25.x.1947, O. Schubart coll., 2♂ 1 immature ( MZSP) ; Três Rios [- 22.110134°S; - 43.208401°W], Road to Rio de Janeiro, 12.x.1947, O. Schubart coll., 5♂ ♀ 2 immatures ( MZSP) ; 2♂ 7♀ 3 immatures ( MZSP) ; Espírito Santo : Sooretama [- 19.178587°S; - 40.098118°W], plantaÇão de café, 24.ii.2011, A.F. R. Teixeira coll., ♂ ♀ ( MCN 1184 ) ; ♂ ♀ ( MCN 1218 ) ; ♀ ( MCN 1183 ) ; ♂ ( MCN 1185 ) ; 2♂ ♀ ( MCN 1210 ) ; 5♂ 8♀ ( MCN 1199 ) ; 4♂ 7♀ ( MCN 1188 ) ; 30.iii.2011, A.F. R. Teixeira coll., 27♂ 53♀ 18 immature ( MCN) ; 24.iv.2011, A.F. R. Teixeira coll., 2♂ 3♀ 1 immature ( MCN) ; 25.v.2011, A.F. R. Teixeira coll., ♂ ( MCN) ; Rio de Janeiro : Mangaratiba, Rio Junqueira [- 22.930954°S; - 44.038933°W], O. Schubart coll., 71♀ ( MNRJ 11697 ) ; Rio de Janeiro [- 22.921765°S; - 43.169510°W], 28.iii.1951, J. Becker coll., 2♂ ♀ ( MNRJ) ; O. Schubart coll., ♂ ( MZSP) ; São Paulo : Ubatuba [- 23.446317°S; - 45.087149°W], 12-13.ix.1998, R. Martins coll., ♂ ♀ ( IBSP 680 ) ; Piracaia [- 23.059153°S; - 46.360347°W], x.1996, S. Rocha coll., ♂ ( IBSP 691 ) ; Itu [- 23.272062°S; - 47.299290°W], 11.iv.1985, R. D’Ávila coll., 13♂ 4♀ ( IBSP 667 ) ; São Paulo , Jardim Rizzo [- 23.572008°S; - 46.732739°W], 20.xi.1998, Eq. IBSP coll., ♂ ( IBSP 7759 ) ; Paraná : Curitiba [- 25.495342°S; - 49.303308°W], 2♂ ♀ ( IBSP 7760 ) .

Historical records: Amazonas: Manaus [- 03.023045°S; - 59.965390°W], Bicego coll. ( Brölemann, 1904) ; Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental [- 02.893744°S; - 59.973109°W] (Hofffman et al., 2002) ; Paraíba : João Pessoa [- 07.1150°S; - 34.8631°W], 10.vii.1937, E. Cordeiro coll. ( Schubart, 1939) ; Pernambuco : Recife [- 08.0539°S; - 34.8811°W], Bairro dos Afogados, 1935 ( Schubart, 1942a) ; margin of Rio Capibaribe , 30.i.1935 ( Schubart, 1942a) ; margin of Rio Beberibe , 31.iii.1935 ( Schubart, 1942a) ; Madalena , 25.iv.1935 ( Schubart, 1942a) ; Bairro Torre , 16.vii.1936 ( Schubart, 1942a) ; Bairro Dois Irmãos , 1934 ( Schubart, 1939) ; Bairro Tegipio ,1934( Schubart,1939) ; Bairro Várzea , 1934 ( Schubart, 1939) ; Olinda [- 08.0089°S; - 34.8553°W], banana plantation, 07.iv.1935 ( Schubart,1939) ; Iguarassú [- 07.8333°S; - 34.9000°W], Ilha Itamaracá [- 07.754660°S; - 34.837309°W], 25.v.1935 ( Schubart,1939) ; São LourenÇo da Mata , 14.vii.1937,(Schubar, 1939) ; Alagoas : Jequiá da Praia [- 09.7811°S; - 36.0936°W], Lagoa de Jequiá, Porta da Boca, 10.vii.1936, ♀ 1 immature ( Schubart, 1939) ; Goiás : AragarÇas [- 15.912823°S; - 52.251231°W], x.1953, H. Sick coll., ♂ ( Schubart, 1958a) ; Rio de Janeiro : Rio de Janeiro, Bairro Cachambí [- 22.902038°S; - 43.273901°W] ( Schubart, 1945b) ; Bairro Deodoro [- 22.857562°S; - 43.384850°W] ( Schubart, 1945b) ; Bairro do Encantado [- 22.896400°S; - 43.302050°W] ( Schubart, 1945b) ; Bairro Jacarepaguá [- 22.971732°S; - 43.391675°W] ( Schubart, 1945b) ; Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas [- 22.973385°S; - 43.207108°W] ( Schubart, 1945b) ; Bairro do Leblon [- 22.984645°S; - 43.223162°W] ( Schubart, 1945b) ; Morro dos Dois Irmãos [- 22.952544°S;- 43.399345°W] ( Schubart, 1945b) ; Serra de Bangú [- 22.876050°S; - 43.468651°W] ( Schubart, 1945b) ; Bairro Tijuca [- 22.935505°S; - 43.243112°W] ( Schubart, 1945b) ; São GonÇalo , Engenho Novo [- 22.903896°S; - 43.268490°W] ( Schubart, 1945b) ; São Paulo : Pirassununga [- 22.067267°S; - 47.395011°W], 17.i.1940, ♂ ♀ 1 immature ( Schubart, 1944) ; 03.iv.1940, 9♂ 6♀ ( Schubart, 1944) ; 22.v.1940, 8♂ 3♀ 1 immature ( Schubart, 1944); 23.vii.1940, 3♂ 7♀ 12 immatures ( Schubart, 1944); 13.ii.1941, 4♂ 2♀ ( Schubart, 1944); 02.iii.1940, 3♂ 2♀ 10 immatures ( Schubart, 1944); 26.ix.1941, 7♂ 4♀ 2 immatures ( Schubart, 1944); 12.iii.1940 ( Schubart, 1944); 27.ii.1940, A. Aguirre coll., 11♂ 11♀ 14 immatures ( Schubart, 1944); Fazenda Pedra Branca , 11.i.1942, J. Gaspar coll., ♀ 2 immatures ( Schubart, 1944) ; Fazenda São Domingos , 22.ix.1940, 20♂ 14♀ ( Schubart, 1944) .

Figures

Figure 1.Distributionmapsof Oxidusgracilis,Orthomorphacoarctata(Polydesmida,Paradoxosomatidae),Prosopodesmus jacobsoni(Polydesmida,Haplodesmidae), Glyphiulus granulatus (Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae), Trachyjulus calvus (Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae), Epitrigoniulus cruentatus (Spirobolida, Pachybolidae), and Cylindroiulus britannicus (Julida,Julidae).

Figure 4. Introduced species in Brazil, habitus: (A) Orthomorpha coarctata; (B) Oxidus gracilis; (C, D) Glyphiulus granulatus; (E) Trigoniulus corallinus; (F) Rhinotus purpureus.Scale bars:2 mm (A, B, E);500 µm (C,D); 200 µm (F).

Figure 5. (A) Oxidus gracilis, gonopod in mesal view; (B) Orthomorpha coarctata, gonopod in mesal view; (C) Trigoniulus corallinus, anterior gonopods in anterior view;(D) Trigoniuluscorallinus, telopodite of left posterior gonopod in anterior view;(E) Rhinotuspurpureus, anterior gonopod in posterior view;(F) Rhinotuspurpureus, posterior gonopod in posterior view.Scale bars:100µm (A,B,E,F);750 µm (C);1 mm (D).