Cidariplura gladiata Butler, 1879

Wu, Shipher, Owada, Mamoru & Wang, Min, 2019, Review of Cidariplura Butler, 1879 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae). Part 1: the Cidariplura gladiata species complex, Zootaxa 4668 (4), pp. 489-502 : 491-493

Cidariplura gladiata Butler, 1879

( Figs 1–10 , 23–27 , 34–39 , 46–49 )

Cidariplura gladiata Butler, 1879: 449 ; Leech, 1889: 564; Warren, 1909 –1913: 415, pl. 71 k; Strand, 1919: 149; Strand, 1920: 159; Kawada, 1950: 743, fig. 2090; Inoue & Sugi, 1958: 606; Ogata, 1958: 191, pl. 118, fig. 2478; Sugi, 1959: 156, pl. 105, fig. 21; Chu & Chen, 1964: 141, pl. 10, fig. 273; Owada, 1978: figs 13, 16; Owada, 1982: 918, 2: 406, pl. 224, figs 38, 39; Owada, 1987: 42–43, figs 13, 236, 325; Poole, 1989: 252; Wang, 1994: 397, part; Owada, 1994: 93, figs 9, 10; Chen, 1999: 1298-1299, fig. 685, pl. 67, fig. 19; Owada, 2011a: 223, figs 2-043-27–30; Owada, 2011b: 225, pl. 57, fig. 8; Wu et al, 2013: 144, figs 1, 2, 5, 6, 35, 36, 63, 68, 79.

Cidariphera [sic] gladiata: Pryer, 1885: 55 .

Mastigophorus gladiata: Leech, 1900: 629 .

Mastigophora [sic] (Cidariplura) gladiata: Matsumura, 1905: 111 .

Cidariplura (?) gladiata? var. gladiatella Strand, 1920: 159 ; Poole, 1989: 253.

Type material. Lectotype of Cidariplura gladiata , ♂, Japan ( Owada 1994: fig. 9; Wu et al. 2013: figs. 1–2), in NHMUK; holotype of Cidariplura (?) gladiata (?) var. gladiatella , ♀, Alikang [Alishan], Formosa [ Taiwan], Sauter, 09/7. X. ( Owada 1994, fig. 10), in DEIM.

Additional material examined (196♂ 61♀). Japan. Fukushima, Tamanoyu Spa, 2♂, 3. VIII. 1968, T. Ebato leg.; Futamata Spa , 1♂, 6. VIII. 1967, T. Ebato leg. ; Tokyo, Mt. Takao , 1♂, 19. VII. 1960, T. Ebato leg.; the same locality, 1♂, 21. VII. 1963, K. Jinbo leg.; Yamanashi, Uenohara , 250 m, 6. VIII. 1977, H. Yoshiumoto leg., Yuzurihara , 1♂, 7. IX. 1945, T. Ebato leg. ; Shizuoka, Izu, Nashimoto , 5♂, 13. VII. 1963, K. Jinbo leg.; the same locality, 1♂, 21 –22. VI. 1957, T. Haruta leg.; the same locality, 7♂, 10. VI. 1961, 4♂ 1♀, 27. VII. 1965, 1♂, 24. VIII. 1960, 1♂, 25, VIII. 1967, T. Ebato leg.; the same locality, 2♂, 5. VII. 1959, H. Inoue leg.; the same locality, 1♂, 25. VII. 1960, H. Inoue leg.; the same locality, 2♂, 29 –31. VII. 1957, H. Inoue leg.; Izu, Irozaki, 1♂, 30 –31. VII. 1983, Y. Machijima leg.; Haibara, Katsuta , 1♂, 3. VII. 1972; the same locality, 1♀, 10. VII. 1972, NSMT3286 ♀; the same locality, 1♂, 28. VII. 1972, NSMT3285 ♂, T. Sakurai leg.; Nagano, Ina, Tera , 4♂ 2♀, 14–18. VIII. 1971, M. Owada leg. ; Aichi, Atsumi, Yamada, 50 m, 1♂, 20. VII. 2001, H. Kobayashi leg.; Gifu, Yamagata, Iodo , 370 m, 1♂, 15. VII. 2017, M. Owada leg.; Osaka, Inunakiyama , 2♂, 16. VI. 1972 ; Wakayama, Tsubaki-onsen, 2♂, 8. VII. 1973, K. Tanaka leg.; Tanabe, Kii-Shinjo , 1♀, 10. VI. 1972, 1♂, 17. VII. 1968 and 1♂, 29. IX. 1969, S. Nakatani leg.; Tanabe , Inaricho , 1♂, 7. VI. 1970, 1♂, 24. VI. 1965 and 1♂, 2. IX. 1970, S. Nakatani leg.; Mts Oto , Shimokawa-Osugidani , 1♂ 1♀, 22. VII. 1975, 1♂, 23. VII. 1973 and 1♀, 21. VIII. 1973, S. Nakatani leg. ; Ehime, Kitauwa, Nametoko , 8♂ 4♀, 16. VII. 1971, NSMT-MO109♂, NSMT-MO 110♀, M. Owada leg. ; Kochi, Takaoka, Morigauti, 14♂2 ♀, 20–21. VII. 1971, M. Owada leg.; Kami , Befu , 1♂ 6♀, 22–23. VII. 1971, NSMT-MO315♂, NSMT-MO 316♀, M. Owada leg.; Tosa [ Kochi], Nakanohama, 1♂, 6. VI. 1972, Noda leg.; Ashizurimisaki, 6♂, 17. VI. 1972, Noda leg.; Fukuoka, Kashii, 1♂, 17. VI. 1920, ex Kubo coll.; Kumamoto, Mashiki, Iwatogawa , 50 m, 2♂, 18. V. 2002, H. Kobayashi leg.; Kagoshima, Osumi Pen., Tashiro, Hanase, 1♂ 1♀, 20. VIII. 1974, K. Nakatomi leg.; Tsushima Islands , Kamitsushima , Kuchinashidani Tunnel , 250 m, 1♂ 1♀, 3. VII. 2011, M. Owada leg.; Goto Islands , 1♀, 6. IX. 1974, Y. Yoshiyasu leg.; Goto Islands, Fukue Is., Mt. Nanatsudake , 100 m, 2♂, 25. VI. 1996, M. Owada leg.; Yakushima Is., Ambo , 1♂, 18. VII. 1973, K. Ueda leg.; the same locality, 2♂, 3. VIII. 1969, I. Kishida leg.; Kosugidani , 2♂, 18. VII. 1973, K. Ueda leg.; the same locality, 1♂, 16 –18. VII. 1968, Y. Kishida leg.; Tokara Islands, Nakanoshima Is., Otake (E) , 220 m, 1♀, 15. VI. 1993, M. Owada leg.; the same locality (NE) , 250 m, 19. VI. 2007, M. Owada & T. Fukuda leg.; Amami-oshima Is., Naze, 2♂ 2♀, 26. V. 1973, H. Makihara leg.; Mt. Yuwandake , 470 m, 1♀, 22, 24. VI. 2009 and 1♀, 12, 14. X. 1988, M. Owada leg.; the same locality, 3♀, 6–8. VII. 1968, Y. Kishida leg.; Uken, Chuo-rindo , 180 m, 2♂, 13, X. 1988, M. Owada, leg.; Sumiyou, Kamiya, 180 m, 1♀, 20. VI. 2009, M. Owada leg.; Okinawa Is., Kunigami, Bumi, 65 m, 3♂ 1♀, 11. IX. 2008, M. Owada & M. Kimura leg.; Kunigami, Yona , 1♂ 2♀, 24–25. V. 1963, NSMT-MO166♂, NSMT-MO 167♀, Y. Arita leg.; the same locality, 4♂ 2♀, 26–30. V. 1962, S. Asahina leg.; the same locality, 5♂, 18 –21. X. 1973, M. Owada leg.; Kunigami, Hiji , 1♂, 2. XII. 1994, M. Kimura leg.; Kunigami, Okuma-rindo , 200 m, 1♂, 26 –27. V. 2000, H. Yoshimoto leg.; Ogimi, Mt. Nekumachiji , 320 m, 2♂, 5, 7. VI. 2008, M. Owada et al. leg.; Ginoza, Matsuda, 2♂, 23. V. 1995, M. Kimura leg.; Nakijin, Mt. Oppadake , 150–250 m, 1♀, 7–8. IX. 2008, M. Owada et al. leg.; Iheyajima Is., Gakiya, 50 m, 7. V. 1994, M. Owada leg.; Tokashiki Is., Mt. Akamayama, 1♂, 30 –31. X. 1989, M. Owada leg.; Kumejima Is., Mt. Uegusuku (south) , 150 m, 1♀, 28–30. IV. 1994, M. Owada leg.; Ishigaki Is., Omoto , 8♂ 1♀, 23–24. IV. 1977, S. Kondo leg.; the same locality, 3♂ 4♀, 30–31. VII. 1981, NSMT3298 ♂, NSMT3299 ♀, M. Owada leg.; Mt. Omoto , 100 m, 2♂, 27. X. 2008, M. Owada et al. leg.; Mt. Banna , 2♂, 12 –13. IV. 1974, H. Makihara leg.; the same locality, 1♂, 20. IV. 1977, S. Kondo leg.; the same locality, 1♂, 1–6, VIII. 1981, M. Owada leg.; Hirakubo, 2♂, 25. IV. 1977, S. Kondo leg.; Tomino, 2♂, 22. IV. 1977, S. Kondo leg; Iriomote Is., Otomi , 1♂, 27. III. 1977; Otomi-rindo , 45 m, 3♂ 1♀, 11–12. III. 2008, NSMT3301 ♂, NSMT3302 ♀, M. Owada & M. Kimura leg.; Otomi-rindo, 20 m, 1♂ 1♀, 15. III. 1993, M. Owada leg.; Otomi-rindo, 10–160 m, 4♂, 22 –25. X. 2008, M. Owada et al. leg.; Urauchigawa, Daini-yamagoya-ato, 100 m, 9–10. IV. 2010, M. Owada et al. leg.; Funaura, 40 m, 1♀, 8. IV. 2010, M. Owada et al. leg.; Sumiyoshi, 1♂, 23. III. 1974, H. Endo leg.; Komi, 1♂, 11. IX. 1972, H. Ohashi leg.; Sumiyoshi , 1♂, 24 –26. X. 1973, M. Owada leg.; Yonaguni Is. , Mt. Urabudake , 180–230 m, 1♂, 22 –24. III. 1991, M. Owada leg. ( NSMT) . Taiwan. Taipei, Wulai , 1♂, 3–4. X. 1977, H. Endo leg. ; Taoyuan, Paling , 1♂, 26. IV. 1982, NSMT3310 ♂, N. Obayashi leg.; Ilan, Caoling , 1♂, 6. IV. 1982, B-S. Chang leg. ; Nantou, Hotso [Lushan Spa], 1♀, 29–30. IV. 1973, K. Nakatomi leg., Aowanda , 1,000 m, 1♀, 9. V. 2013, NSMT3290 ♀, M. Owada, L. Shih & Y. Chen leg.; Hualien, Juisui , 8♂, 5–6. VII. 1973, NSMT3289 ♂, M. Owada leg.; Ilan, Fushan Botanical Garden, 700 m, 3♂, 12. V. 2019, M. Owada & S. Wu leg. ( NSMT); Taipei, Chinese Culture University , 393 m, 1♂, 18. IV. 2013, P. S. Chung leg.; Hsihsien, 350 m, 1♀, 5. IX. 1991, Y. B. Fan leg.; Shenkeng , 1♂, 18. XI. 1995, Y. B. Fan leg. ; Nantou, Lianhuachi, 600 m, 1♂, 23. VI. 2009, C. C. Kuo leg.; the same locality, 2♂, 19. VIII. 2009, C. C. Kuo leg.; the same locality, 1♂ 2♀, 12. VII. 2010, TFRI00130009 ♂, TFRI 160321 ♀, TFRI 160547 C. C. Kuo leg.; the same locality, 1♂, 2. IX. 2010, TFRI 160139, C. C. Kuo leg.; the same locality, 2♂, 7. IX. 2010, C. C. Kuo leg.; the same locality, 1♀, 29. IX. 2011, C. C. Kuo leg.; Pingtung, Mudan , 250 m, 1♂, 28. IV. 2011, Y. C. Huang leg.; Shouka, 450 m, 1♀, 1. II. 2012, Y. C. Lin leg.; the same locality, 1♂ 1♀, 22. III. 2012, Y. C. Lin leg.; the same locality, 2♂, 19. VI. 2012, Y. C. Lin leg.; the same locality, 1♂, 15. VIII. 2012, Y. C. Lin leg.; the same locality, 2♂, 13. IX. 2012, Y. C. Lin leg.; Hualien, Guanfu , 180 m, 3♂, 6. IV. 2010, Y. C. Lin leg.; the same locality, 1♂2♂, 12. VII. 2010, Y. C. Lin leg.; the same locality, 2♂, 9. IX. 2010, Y. C. Lin leg.; the same locality, 1♂ 1♀, 12. X. 2010, Y. C. Lin leg.; Taitung, Luanshan , 500 m, 1♂, 16. VII. 2012, S. F. Huang & L. T. Hsieh leg. ( TFRI); Yulin, Tsaoling , 1♂, 6. IV. 1982, B. S. Chang leg. ( NMNS) . Korea. Kyongsangpuk-do, Mt. Sudosan , 700 m, 1♂, 9–12. VII. 1971, NSMT-MO169♂, K. Yamagishi leg. ( NSMT) . China. Anhui, Mt, Huangshan, Wenquan , 600 m, 1♂, 7. VI. 1999, NSMT3294 ♂; Hunan, Chenzhou, Guidong, Qiyunshan , 1,100 m, 1♀, 9. IX. 2018, NSMT3315 ♀; Jiangxi, Jian, Anfu, Wugongshan , 400 m, 1♂ 1♀, 7. IX. 2018, NSMT3309 ♂. NSMT3313 ♀; Guangdong, Shaoguan, Nanling , 600– 1,400 m, 2♂, 11 –18. V. 2005, NSMT3314 ♂, 3308♂, 1♂, the same locality, 1–6. VI. 2006, NSMT3317 ♂; the same locality, 1♂, 18 –22. VI. 2004, NSMT3312 ♂; the same locality, 1♂, 12. VI. 2010, NSMT3325 ♂; the same locality, 1♂, 1. IX. 2003, NSMT3316 ♂; Guangdong, Shaoguan, Xinfeng, Julianshan , 1♂ 1♀, 20. V. 2018, Huizhou, Nankonshan , 670 m, 1♂, 22. V. 2018; Guangdong, Heyuan, Lianping, Tianyuan, Jiulianshan , 200 m, 1♂ 2♀, 18. V. 2018, NSMT3311 ♀, M. Wang et al. leg. ( SCAU and NSMT) . Vietnam. Ninh Binh, Gia Vien, Cuc Phuong , 1♂, 27 –29. IX. 1997, NSMT3295 ♂, M. Owada leg.; Cao Bang, Nang Oa, nr Mt. Pia Oac , 800 m, 1♂ 1♀, 11. V. 1997, NSMT3319 ♂, NSMT3206 ♀, M. Owada leg. ( IEBR and NSMT) .

Notes. Owada (1987) synonymized C. gladiata ab. ochreimacula Strand, 1919 (Type locality: Kosempo [Jiansian], Formosa [ Taiwan]) with C. gladiata . The former should be regarded as an unavailable name according to the Code ( ICZN 1999 articles 45.5 and 45.6.2) ( Owada, 1987) and the corresponding taxon was described as C. shanmeii Wu & Owada, in Wu et al. (2013) . After carefully examining the characters of all available material of C. gladiata complex, the variation of each species has been confirmed. The genitalia variation of C. gladiata is illustrated for males ( Figs 34–39 ) and females ( Figs 46–49 ). The species C. gladiata occurs sympatrically with its closely related C. nanling sp. nov. in the Nanling mountain region, Shaoguan, Guangdong, southern China.

Diagnosis. The species Cidariplura gladiata can be distinguished from C. nanling according to the shorter forewing length (12–15 rather than 16–18 mm in both sexes); the narrowed forewing discocellular spot, the saccular process of the valva which is more separated from the remainder of the valva; the rather slender ductus bursae. Usually, C. gladiata has two or more generations per year in the southern areas in Japan ( Owada, 1982).

Distribution and phenology. Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan; Vietnam (new country record). The adults occur nearly whole year except Janurary.

Figures

FIGURE 1–22. Habitus of Cidariplura gladiata complex. 1. C. gladiata, male, NSMT3285, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 2. Ditto, female, NSMT3286, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 3. Ditto, male, NSMT3301, Iriomote Is., Japan (NSMT); 4. Ditto, female, NSMT3299, Ishigaki Is., Japan (NSMT); 5. Ditto, male, NSMT3289, Taiwan (NSMT); 6. Ditto, female, NSMT3290, Taiwan (NSMT); 7. Ditto, male, NSMT3295, Vietnam (NSMT); 8. Ditto, female, NSMT3296, Vietnam (NSMT); 9. Ditto, male, NSMT-MO169, Korea (NSMT); 10. Ditto, male, NSMT3294, Huangshan, Anhui (NSMT); 11. C. nanling sp. nov., male, holotype, NSMT3291, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 12. Ditto, female, paratype, NSMT3292, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 13. C. luding sp. nov., male, holotype, NSMT3279, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 14. Ditto, female, paratype, NSMT3280, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 15. C. maraho, male, holotype (TFRI); 16. Ditto, female, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 17. C. shanmeii, male, holotype, Taiwan (TFRI); 18. Ditto, female, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 19. C. hbun sp. nov., male, holotype, Taiwan (TFRI); 20. Ditto, female, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 21. Ditto, male, paratype, NSMT3303, Qiyunshan, Hunan (SCAU); 22. Ditto, female, paratype, NSMT3288, Jiulianshan, Guangdong (SCAU). Scale bar= 10 mm. Photos by Mamoru Owada (1–14, 19, 21, 22), Shipher Wu (15–18, 20).

FIGURE 23–33. Male labial palpus of Cidariplura gladiata complex (equal in scale). 23. C. gladiata, NSMT3285, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 24. Ditto, Taiwan (TFRI); 25. Ditto, NSMT3295, Vietnam (NSMT); 26. Ditto, NSMT-MO169, Korea (NSMT); 27. Ditto, NSMT3301, Iriomote Is., Japan (NSMT); 28. C. shanmeii, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 29. C. luding sp. nov., holotype, NSMT3279, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 30. C. hbun sp. nov., paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 31. C. nanling sp. nov., holotype, NSMT3291, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 32. C. hbun, paratype, NSMT3303, Qiyunshan, Hunan (SCAU); 33. C. maraho, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI). Photos by Mamoru Owada (23, 25–27, 29, 31, 32), Shipher Wu (24, 28, 30, 33).

FIGURE 34–45. Male genitalia of Cidariplura gladiata complex (equal in scale). 34. C. gladiata, NSMT3285, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 35. Ditto, NSMT3301, Iriomote Is., Japan (NSMT); 36. Ditto, NSMT3289, Taiwan (NSMT); 37. Ditto, NSMT3295, Vietnam (TFRI); 38. Ditto, NSMT-MO169, Korea (NSMT); 39. Ditto, NSMT3294, Huangshan, Anhui (NSMT); 40. C. nanling sp. nov., holotype, NSMT3291, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 41. C. luding sp. nov., holotype, NSMT3279, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 42. C. maraho, holotype, TFRI147244, Taiwan (TFRI); 43. C. shanmeii, holotype, TFRI128721, Taiwan (TFRI); 44. C. hbun sp. nov., holotype, TFRI195178, Taiwan (TFRI); 45. Ditto, paratype, NSMT3303, Qiyunshan, Hunan (SCAU); Photos by Mamoru Owada (34–41, 44–45), Shipher Wu (42–43).

FIGURE 46–55. Female genitalia of Cidariplura gladiata complex (equal in scale). 46. C. gladiata, NSMT3286, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 47. Ditto, NSMT3302, Iriomote Is., Japan (NSMT); 48. Ditto, NSMT3290, Taiwan (NSMT); 49. Ditto, NSMT3296, Vietnam (NSMT); 50. C. nanling sp. nov., paratype, NSMT3292, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 51. C. luding sp. nov., paratype, NSMT3280, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 52. C. maraho, paratype, TFRI10165, Taiwan (TFRI); 53. C. shanmeii, paratype, TFRI153189, Taiwan (TFRI); 54. C. hbun sp. nov., paratype, TFRI160565, Taiwan (TFRI); 55. Ditto, paratype, NSMT3288, Jiulianshan, Guangdong (SCAU). Photos by Mamoru Owada (46–51, 55), Shipher Wu (52–54).