Neopetrosia proxima ( Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 )

Rocha, Lívia, Moraes, Fernando, Salani, Sula & Hajdu, Eduardo, 2021, Taxonomy of Petrosiidae Van Soest, 1980 (Haplosclerida, Porifera) from Brazil, Zootaxa 5004 (2), pp. 251-287 : 254-261

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https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.2

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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385D87B7-FFAD-F860-2D94-FF25FABBFA88

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scientific name

Neopetrosia proxima ( Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 )
status

 

Neopetrosia proxima ( Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) View in CoL

( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 ; Tab. 1–2)

Neopetrosia proxima, Campos et al. 2005: 13 View in CoL View Cited Treatment ; Muricy et al. 2011: 106; Santos et al. 2016: 336 View Cited Treatment ; Pérez et al. 2017: 10; Van Soest 2017: 35; Vicente et al. 2019: 8, Fig. 9.

Additional synonymy in Muricy et al. 2011: 106.

Studied material (15 specimens): Brazil, Amapá State , MNRJ 18737 View Materials , off the Amazon River mouth (3.590445° N, 49.126713° W), 90 m depth, Col. F. Moraes GoogleMaps & R. Moura / NHo ‘ Cruzeiro do Sul’ , 2014.9.26 ; UFRJPOR 933, Amazon River mouth ( NOAS Station 1773A), depth not recorded, Col. C.E.Z. / NOc. ‘ Almirante Saldanha’. Bahia State, Salvador City : MNRJ 2516 View Materials , ‘ Blackadder’ Shipwreck, Cantagalo beach (12.93517º S, 38.51181º W), depth not recorded, Col. E. Hajdu et al., 1999.8.3 GoogleMaps ; MNRJ 2558 View Materials , 2561 View Materials , quebra-mar Norte (12.96667º S, 38.50000º W, northern breakwater), depth not recorded, Col. E. Hajdu, et al., 1999.8.1 GoogleMaps ; MNRJ 2601 View Materials , 2606 View Materials , quebra-mar, Capitania dos Portos ( Port Authority breakwater), SW location (12.65000º S, 38.75000º W), depth not recorded, Col. M. Leblanc, 1999.8.6 GoogleMaps ; MNRJ 2639 View Materials , Capitania dos Portos ( Port Authority ), outer location (12.65000º S, 8.75000º W), depth not recorded, Col. E. Hajdu et al., 1999.8.7 GoogleMaps ; MNRJ 10526 View Materials , quebra-mar Norte (12.96667º S, 38.50000º W, northern breakwater), 5.3 m depth, Col. E. Hajdu, 2007.7.11 GoogleMaps ; UFRJPOR 4160, Ribeira beach (12.91933º S, 38.50215º W), depth not recorded, Col. P. Young, 1994.2.3 GoogleMaps ; MNRJ 6016 View Materials , Off Salvador, Station R4 (REVIZEE/ Central SCORE, Campaign 6, 13.07500º S, 38.39194º W), 91 m depth, Col. N / Rb. ‘ Astro Garoupa’, 2002.6.23 GoogleMaps ; Madre de Deus City : MNRJ 8375 View Materials , 8419 View Materials , 8427 View Materials , 2 View Materials nd Boião ( BL 2 beacon signalling) ca. 4 km off SW Maré Isl. (12.818295º S, 38.569177º W), depth not recorded, Col. E. Hajdu & C. Santos, 2004.6.7 GoogleMaps . MNRJ 5998 View Materials , Rio de Janeiro State, Station Y 2 ( RE- VIZEE / Central-SCORE, Campaign 6, 22.38222º S, 37.58750º W, Almirante Saldanha Seamount), 250–500 m depth, Col. N / Rb. ‘ Astro Garoupa’, 2002.6.12 GoogleMaps .

Comparative material. Thalysias proxima Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 —Spicule and skeleton slides from the Schizolectotype deposited in the Natural History Museum (London), BMNH 12.11.1928 45a ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ).

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External morphology. Thickly encrusting to massive, ramose/cylindrical, and globular ( Fig.2B View FIGURE 2 ), reaching over 20 cm diam. in the field. Largest preserved specimen 7.4 x 3.3 x 2.7 cm ( MNRJ 8427). Irregular surface with scattered oscules (1–3 mm diam.) on it or apical on volcano-like projections. Two specimens ( MNRJ 2606 and 8419) showed two terminal oscules each (0.6–1.0 mm diam.). Hard and friable consistency; microhispid texture to the touch. Color in vivo red wine (whole or with beige interior), beige, white (whole or with red-wine interior); becoming beige-orange or light brown in ethanol.

Skeleton. Ectosome arranged in an isotropic tangential reticulation forming rounded meshes (145–340 µm diam.) of pauci- to multispicular tracts (40–115 µm thick) ( Fig. 2C, D View FIGURE 2 ). Choanosome densely reticulated, isotropic, with loose multispicular tracts (100–270 µm thick) forming rounded overlapping meshes (195–435 µm diam.), which are poorly defined in some regions. Canals present (390–580 µm diam.) ( Fig. 2E, F View FIGURE 2 ).

Spicules. Oxeas in one size class (91–155 (15)–216/ 2–7 (1.9)– 15 µm), smooth, slightly curved to straight, usually with acerate edges that vary to hastate and rounded ( Fig. 2G–J View FIGURE 2 ) ( Table 1).

Ecology. The species was previously known from 0.5–153 m depth ( Zea 1987; Van Soest & Stentoft 1988); which is here expanded down to 250–500 m depth, based on a deep record for the Almirante Saldanha Seamount, growing over rhodolith beds. MNRJ 5998 and UFRJPOR 933 were associated to Parazoanthus (Zoantharia) . Specimen MNRJ 10526 faced considerable silting.

Distribution. Tropical Atlantic. Brazil: Amapá State (off the Amazon River mouth, Mothes et al. 2006; Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ); Maranhão State ( Campos et al. 2005); Rio Grande do Norte State ( Muricy et al. 2008); Sergipe State ( Santos et al. 2016); Bahia and Rio de Janeiro States (Almirante Saldanha Seamount) (present study, Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ). Caribbean ( Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864; Van Soest et al. 1983; Zea 1987; Van Soest & Stentoft 1988; Lehnert & Van Soest 1996; Rützler et al. 2000; Díaz 2005; Pérez et al. 2017; Vicente et al. 2019). Suriname ( Van Soest 2017).

Remarks. The species’ habit observed on Brazilian specimens repeats what has been reported from Caribbean materials described by Zea (1987) and Vicente et al. (2019), and is summarized in Table 2. Specimens can be thickly encrusting, cushion-shaped, to erect, irregularly ramified with short cylindrical branches. The species has been reported with several distinct colors (e.g. Zea 1987; Van Soest & Stentoft 1988; Lehnert & Van Soest 1996; Vicente et al. 2019), which is partially matched by specimens herein described. In general lines, Brazilian specimens appear to be more on the red-wine (maroon, burgundy) spectrum of color, rather than on the brownish side. But brownish tinges appear here and there. Lehnert & Van Soest (1996) suggested this color variation might be a response to light availability in different depths, which is supported by Zea’s (1987) observation that specimen INV-POR 0210, which was living in a small cave, was lilac, nearly white. Additional shared features between the schizolectotype and Brazilian specimens were the reticulated skeleton formed by rounded meshes, and the slightly curved oxeas with hastate edges and similar dimensions (91–161 vs 97–194 µm, respectively; Fig. 2C–F View FIGURE 2 ). The comparison between N. proxima and the recently described N. sulcata Santos et al., 2016 was detailed in the original description of the latter species, and we favor any further comparison between both to take molecular data into account.

R

Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile

NOAS

New Orleans Academy of Science

MNRJ

Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Porifera

Class

Demospongiae

Order

Haplosclerida

Family

Petrosiidae

Genus

Neopetrosia

Loc

Neopetrosia proxima ( Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 )

Rocha, Lívia, Moraes, Fernando, Salani, Sula & Hajdu, Eduardo 2021
2021
Loc

Neopetrosia proxima

Vicente, J. & Rios, J. A. & Zea, S. & Toonen R. 2019: 8
Perez, T. & Diaz, M. - C. & Ruiz, C. & Condor-Lujan, B. & Klautau, M. & Hajdu, E. & Lobo-Hajdu, G. & Zea, S. & Pomponi, S. A. & Thacker, R. W. & Carteron, S. & Tollu, G. & Pouget-Cuvelier, A. & Thelamon, P. & Marechal, J. - P. & Thomas, O. P. & Ereskovsky, A. E. & Jean Vacelet, J. & Boury-Esnault, N. 2017: 10
Van Soest, R. W. M. 2017: 35
Santos, G. G. & Sandes, J. & Cabral, A. & Pinheiro, U. 2016: 336
Muricy, G. & Lopes, D. A. & Hajdu, E. & Carvalho, M. S. & Moraes, F. C. & Klautau, M. & Menegola, C. & Pinheiro, U. 2011: 106
Campos, M. & Mothes, B. & Eckert, M. & Van Soest, R. W. M. 2005: 13
2005
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