Contortia fenestrata ( Eichwald, 1830 ) Harzhauser & Landau, 2012

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2012, A revision of the Neogene Cancellariid Gastropods of the Paratethys Sea 3472, Zootaxa 3472, pp. 1-71 : 23-24

Contortia fenestrata ( Eichwald, 1830) nov. comb.

Figs 5H 1–H 3, 5I 1–I 3

Cancellaria fenestrata Eichwald, 1830: 222 .

Cancellaria buccinula Bast. —Pusch 1837: 129, pl. 11, fig. 18 [non Cancellaria buccinula Lamarck, 1822 ].

Cancellaria contorta Bast. — Hörnes 1848: 19 [non Cancellaria contorta Basterot, 1825 ].

Cancellaria fenestrata — Eichwald 1852: explanation of the plates p. 3, pl. 8, figs. 15a–b.

Cancell. fenestrata m.— Eichwald 1853: 198.

Cancellaria contorta Bast. —Hörnes 1854: 311, pl. 34, figs 7–8 [non Cancellaria contorta Basterot, 1825 ].

Cancellaria (b. Narona ) contorta Bast. — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 279 [non Cancellaria contorta Basterot, 1825 ].

Cancellaria (Contortia) contorta var. dertofusula Sacco 1894: 49 .

Cancellaria (Contortia) contorta var. fusosimplex Sacco 1894: 49 .

Cancellaria (Narona) contorta Bast. – Boettger 1902: 39 [non Cancellaria contorta Basterot, 1825 ].

Cancellaria (Trigonostoma) ampullacea Brocc. var. fenestrata Eichw. — Boettger 1906: 50.

Merica fenestrata Eichw. — Friedberg 1914: 241, pl. 15, figs 2–3.

Merica fenestrata Eichw. var. rotundata Friedberg 1914: 242 , pl. 15, fig. 4

Merica fenestrata Eichw. var. paucicostata Friedberg 1914: 243 , pl. 15, fig. 5

Merica fenestrata Eichw. var. gracilis Friedberg 1914: 243 , pl. 15, fig. 6 [non Cancellaria gracilis Ihering, 1897 ].

Cancellaria (Merica) contorta Bast. — Sieber 1936: 78 [non Cancellaria contorta Basterot, 1825 ].

Cancellaria (Merica) fenestrata Eichwald — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 417, pl. 9, figs 24–27.

Cancellaria (Merica) fenestrata var. paucicostata ( Friedberg 1914) — Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 162, pl. 42, fig. 13.

Cancellaria cancellata dertonensis Bellardi, 1841 — Strausz 1966: 376, pars, pl. 45, figs 2–4 [non Cancellaria dertonensis Bellardi, 1841 ].

Cancellaria (Merica) fenestrata Eichwald — Atanacković 1985: 163, pl. 36, figs 13–15.

Cancellaria (Merica) fenestrata Eichwald, 1853 — Bałuk 1997: 43, pl. 14, figs 2–6.

non Trigonostoma fenestratum (Eichw.) — Sacco 1894: 11, pl. 1, fig. 23 [= Scalptia polonica (Pusch, 1837) ].

Type material. unknown; Cleevely (1983) states that the collections of Eichwald are stored in the Pushkin Leningrad State University .

Studied material. 8 spec. Enzesfeld ( Austria) NHMW 2009 z0098/0008 NHMW 2009 z0098/0009, NHMW 1846 /0037/0282; 23 spec. Steinebrunn ( Austria) NHMW A1408 ; 40 spec. Möllersdorf-Enzesfeld-Gainfarn (mixed lot) ( Austria) NHMW 1846 /0037/0283; 28 spec. Baden NHMW 1846 /0037/0282; 9 spec. Grund ( Austria) NHMW 1869 /0001/0282; 6 spec. Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) NHMW 1854 0035/0239.

Illustrated material. Figs 5H 1–H 3: specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1854, pl. 34, figs 7a–b), Enzesfeld ( Austria), height: 26.2 mm, width: 13.5 mm, NHMW 2009z0098/0008 (old number NHMW 1846/0037/0282b), syntype of Contortia dertofusula Sacco, 1894 . Figs 5I 1–I 3: specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1854, pl. 34, figs 8a–b), Enzesfeld ( Austria), height: 26.3 mm, width: 14.7 mm, NHMW 2009z0098/0009 (old number NHMW 1846/0037/ 0282b), syntype of Contortia fusosimplex Sacco, 1894 .

Description. This elongate ovoid shell has evenly convex whorls and incised, slightly canaliculate sutures, without forming a sutural ramp. The shape varies considerably from very slender to bulky. Similarly, the sculpture is very variable. Generally, densely spaced, weakly sigmoidal to prosocline axial ribs are crossed by a dense succession of primary and secondary spiral threads, the interspaces ranging from quadratic to spirally elongate rectangular. In some specimens, the last whorl is barrel shaped and develops varicose axial ribs. A weak fasciole borders a narrow umbilicus, which is partly covered by the columellar callus. Parietal and columellar calluses usually welldelimited and strongly thickened abapically. Two prominent, parallel, oblique folds appear in the middle of the columella; the third, anterior one is slightly weaker, strongly oblique and borders the weakly incised siphonal canal. The outer lip is internally bevelled and bears a variable number of delicate lirae which start at the inner edge of the bevelled portion of the inner lip. The protoconch is low, dome shaped, consisting of c. 1.8 convex whorls.

Discussion. The variability of this species is expressed in the numerous variation or subspecies names available in the literature. Friedberg (1914) introduced the varieties rotundata, paucicostata and gracilis . Although all these names had been introduced before for Recent cancellarids, they are not primary homonyms, as Friedberg (1914) introduced them within the genus Merica and not Cancellaria . The name pauciscostata, however, became a secondary homonym when Kojumdgieva and Strachimirov (1960) published the combination Cancellaria (Merica) fenestrata var. paucicostata ( Friedberg, 1914) . Additional variation names were provided by Sacco (1894), who introduced the names dertofusula and fusosimplex for the two shells illustrated in Hörnes (1854) as Cancellaria contorta . In respect to the variability of the shell outline and sculpture we consider all these taxa as synonyms of Contorta fenestrata ( Eichwald, 1830) . Unfortunately, the illustration of the type in Eichwald (1852, pl. 8, figs 15a–b) is misleading as it suggests a much more globular species (see also Bałuk 1997 for discussion).

Contortia fenestrata is superficially similar to Contortia contorta ( Basterot, 1825) , however, this species has a much lower spire and its axial ribs are blunt and wide spaced, and it develops three columellar folds of similar size and orientation (see Cahuzac et al. 2004). The overall similarity with Contortia contorta ( Basterot, 1825) , the absence of a sutural ramp, the convex whorls, the weak umbilicus, the predominant axial sculpture and the presence of three columellar folds suggest a placement of this species in Contortia Sacco, 1894 .

The robust, stout ovoid shells from the Tortonian of Italy, described by Davoli (1982), are neither conspecific with the Paratethyan specimens nor with the Early Miocene French C. contorta but should rather be compared with C. dertocontorta Sacco, 1894 .

Distribution. A widespread Middle Miocene species in the Paratethys. It is quite possible, that this species occurs in the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi under the names Contortia evulsa miolonga Sacco, 1894 or Contortia contorta tauroturritula Sacco, 1894 .

Paratethys —Badenian: Polish–Carpathian Foredeep ( Poland: Korytnica, Rybnica, Zglobice; Ukraine: Shushkivtsi, Pidhirzi, Hołubica, Tarnoruda); North Alpine Foreland Basin ( Austria: Grund); Vienna Basin ( Austria: Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Steinebrunn, Bad Vöslau, Möllersdorf, Baden, Pötzleinsdorf); Transylvanian Basin ( Romania: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus); Southern Pannonian Basin ( Bosnia: Miljevici); Dacian Basin ( Bulgaria: Opanec).