Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912

Ochoa, José A., Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M., Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo & Prendini, Lorenzo, 2013, Systematic Revision Of The Neotropical Scorpion Genus Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912 (Chactoidea: Chactidae), With Descriptions Of Two New Genera And Four New Species, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2013 (378), pp. 1-121 : 59-78

Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912

Figures 1 , 3C , 5E , 7 , 9B , 11A, B , 12A , 14A , 16B , 19B , 20B , 21E , 22A, B , 39 , 40 , 41 ; table 5

Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912: 87 , 88, figs. 10–12; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 34; Werner, 1934: 369; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 117, 118; Scorza, 1954c: 198 (part); Bücherl, 1969: 769; Esquivel de Verde and Machado-Allison, 1969: 31 (part); Aguilar and Meneses, 1970: 2; Vachon, 1974: figs. 15 (5), 177, 190–192; Soleglad, 1976: 300, 301; Francke, 1977: 76; González-Sponga, 1982: 127; 1984a: 53; Lourenço, 1986a: 564, fig. 23, table II; 1986b: 165, fig. 5; Lourenço and Francke, 1986: 550, 551, 552, figs. 1, 10–14, map 1; Lourenço, 1991: 117; 1994b: 157; 1997: 599; Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 2000: 264; Sissom, 2000: 312; Soleglad and Sissom, 2001: 29, 30, 92, figs. 11, 57, 151, 172, 181, 197, 217; Lourenço, 2002a: 221, 222, fig. 517; 2002b: 429, 435, fig. 126; Soleglad and Fet, 2003a: 6, fig. 6; Botero-Trujillo, 2008: 34.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype ♀ ( MNHN RS 0759 ), PERU: Upper Amazonas , Huallaga River , between Moyobamba [06 ° 019580 S 76 ° 589000W, 880 m] and Iquitos [03 ° 459010 S 73 ° 149580W, 90 m].

NEW RECORDS: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Municipio Jutaí: Boa Vista, R.D.S. Cujubim, Mutum river, 04 ° 39.0779 S 68 ° 19.3919 W, 21–25. iii.2008, M.S. Hoogmoed and A. Jerozolimski, 2 ³ ( MPEG). PERU: Ucayali Department: Coronel Portillo Province: Pucallpa [08 ° 239020 S 74 ° 329580W, 160 m], 9.xi.1946, J.C. Pallister, 1 ³ ( AMNH). Loreto Department: Maynas, Fernando Lores Province: Comunidad Diamante, Quebrada Blanco, 04 ° 22.2689 S 73 ° 09.7089 W, 113 m, 26.ii.2008,

C. Gil, E. Guerra, and J.A. Ochoa, rainforest, collected at night with UV light, 1 ³ ( AMNH), 1 ♀ ( AMNH [ LP 8420]), 2 ³, 1 ♀ ( MHNC).

DIAGNOSIS: Chactopsis insignis appears to be most closely related to C. chullachaqui , n. sp., and C. siapaensis , based on similarities in hemispermatophore morphology (figs. 8, 41, 44): flagellum short and curved; apex with ental fold situated proximally on ental margin; lamina with proximal constriction, forming conspicuous, elongated pedicel; lobe region without additional concave fold; median lobe well developed, densely papillose across entire surface; dorsal apophysis sclerotized, forming horn-shaped projection, slightly curved apically. The hemispermatophores of C. amazonica , C. barajuri , and C. curupira , n. sp. (figs. 25, 28, 37), differ from those of C. insignis , C. chullachaqui , n. sp., and C. siapaensis as follows (figs. 8, 41, 44): flagellum straight; apex with ental fold situated subproximally; pedicel of lamina short, not reaching dorsal apophysis; lobe region with additional concave fold; median lobe mostly apapillose, except for fine papillae distally and dorsally; dorsal apophysis forming crest-shaped projection.

Chactopsis insignis may be distinguished from C. chullachaqui , n. sp., and C. siapaensis as follows (figs. 34, 40, 43): pedipalp chelal trichobothrium Est situated closer to V 3 than to Et 1 in C. insignis and C. siapaensis , but equidistant between V 3 and Et 1 in C. chullachaqui , n. sp.; patellar trichobothrium esb 2 situated distal to esb 3 in C. insignis and C. siapaensis , but situated slightly proximal to esb 3 in C. chullachaqui , n. sp.; pedipalp chela with three porous areas at base of fixed finger between DMA and DI carinae, and two additional porous areas in position of DI carina, in C. insignis , but with only two porous areas between DMA and DI carinae in C. chullachaqui , n. sp., and C. siapaensis ; pectinal tooth count (³), 8/ 8 in C. chullachaqui , n. sp., and C. siapaensis , compared with 9–10/ 10 in C. insignis ; telson (³), lateral surfaces mostly smooth, ventral surfaces with few weak granules in C. insignis , but lateral and ventral surfaces granular in C. chullachaqui , n. sp., and C. siapaensis . The three species also differ in hemispermatophore morphology: the lamina is approximately the same length as the trunk, with a broader apex in C. insignis , but longer than the trunk, with a more slender apex in C. chullachaqui , n. sp., and C. siapaensis ; the dorsal apophysis is more pronounced in C. insignis and C. chullachaqui , n. sp., than in C. siapaensis ; the median trough is well developed and the median lobe densely papillose, except along the median trough, in C. insignis and C. chullachaqui , n. sp., whereas the median trough is weakly developed and the median lobe entirely papillose on the ental surface in C. siapaensis ; the median lobe is considerably extended ventrally, with the distal margin less folded in C. insignis and C. siapaensis , but moderately extended ventrally, with the distal margin markedly folded toward the ectal surface in C. chullachaqui , n. sp.

REDESCRIPTION: Based on adults ³ and ♀ listed in the Material Examined. Measurements of a ³ and a ♀ recorded in table 4.

Total length: ³, 25.30–29.75 mm (n 5 5; mean 5 27.60); ♀, 34.30 mm (n 5 1). According to Lourenço and Francke (1986), the holotype ♀ is 39.6 mm in total length.

Color: Base color brown to dark brown, with dark brown spots on carapace, tergites, sternite VII, metasoma, and pedipalps (fig. 5E); legs, sternites III–VI and coxosternal region light brown to yellow with brown spots; pectines yellow; aculeus slightly darker than telson vesicle. Cheliceral manus, dorsal surfaces with fine reticulate pigmentation, becoming contiguous distally near base of fixed finger; fixed and movable fingers entirely pigmented. Carapace, densely pig- mented throughout, median ocular tubercle and surfaces around lateral ocelli very densely pigmented; anteromedian and posteromedian longitudinal sulci densely pigmented, postocular sulcus faintly pigmented. Pedipalp femur, dorsal, external, and internal surfaces, and all carinae densely pigmented, ventral surfaces unpigmented; patella, dorsal and internal surfaces densely pigmented, external surface with broad pigmentation stripe along EM carina and faint, irregular pigmentation throughout, ventral surface mostly unpigmented, except for pigmentation stripes along VI and VE carinae; chela with pigmentation stripes along D, SD, DS, DMA, DI, E, IM, VI and VE carinae, contiguous at base of fingers, VI pigmentation stripes faint; fingers pigmented on proximal half. Legs, femur, patella and tibia, prolateral surfaces densely pigmented, retrolateral surfaces faintly pigmented. Tergites densely pigmented throughout, without unpigmented stripes. Sternum pigmented in anterior half. Sternites III–VI, faintly pigmented throughout, more so laterally; VII densely pigmented, except for two small unpigmented areas submedially near anterior margin. Metasomal segments I–IV, dorsal surfaces each with pigmentation stripes along DSM and DL carinae, surfaces between DSM carinae densely pigmented, forming subtriangular spots, contiguous with pigmentation along posterior margins of segment; lateral surfaces each with pigmentation stripes along ML carinae and reticulate pigmentation along LIM and LSM carinae, surfaces between DL and ML carinae densely pigmented in posterior third of segment, surfaces between ML and VL carinae densely pigmented throughout or in posterior twothirds; ventral surfaces each with three pigmentation stripes along VM and paired VL carinae, contiguous in posterior twothirds of segment I, posterior half of II and III, and posterior third of III. Metasomal segment V, all surfaces and carinae densely pigmented; lateral surface with reticulate pigmentation along LSM carinae, and dense pigmentation stripes along ML carinae, surfaces between ML and VL carinae with reticulated pigmentation in anterior half of segment and densely pigmented in posterior half; ventral surface with three dense pigmentation stripes along VM and paired VL carinae, contiguous in posterior third of segment, and with fine pigmentation stripes along VSM carinae in anterior half, contiguous with posterior pigmentation. Telson vesicle, dorsal surface densely pigmented, becoming paler posteriorly; ventral surface with two broad VL and one narrow VM pigmentation stripes, separated by two narrow, unpigmented stripes.

Chelicerae: Movable finger with well-developed serrula, occupying slightly less than half its length; ventral subdistal tooth present.

Carapace: Anterior margin with moderate median notch and several microsetae (fig. 11A, B); posterior margin sublinear, without microsetae. Interocular surfaces coarsely granular, more so in ³; circumocular, anterolateral, median lateral, and posterolateral surfaces with variable fine and medium granulation, nongranular surfaces slightly punctate with few microsetae (³) or entirely smooth, shiny, and punctate (♀) (fig. 11B). Median ocelli half an ocular diameter apart. Anteromedian longitudinal sulcus finely granular (³) or punctate (♀); other sulci smooth.

Pedipalps: Femur, length/width ratio, ³, 2.84– 3.05 (n 5 5, mean 5 2.91); ♀, 2.80 (n 5 1); DE, DI, and VI carinae complete, granular (fig. 39A); EM carina restricted to distal third of segment, weakly granular (³) or absent (♀); VM carina weakly granular, restricted to proximal third of segment, obscured by fine granulation distally (³) or absent (♀); VE carina absent; IM carina vestigial, reduced to three prominent, isolated granules in proximal half of segment; dorsal intercarinal surface with variable fine and coarse granulation, more so in ³, and slightly punctate (♀); external, ventral, and internal intercarinal surfaces finely granular (³) or smooth and punctate (♀). Patella, length/width ratio, ³, 2.73–2.84 (n 5 5; mean 5 2.79); ♀, 2.50 (n 5 1); DI and VI carinae complete, granular (fig. 39B–D); DE carina complete, granular (³) or obsolete, reduced to punctation (♀); EM and VE carinae obsolete, reduced to punctation (♀) or weak granulation (³) ; VE carina restricted to proximal three-quarters of segment, slightly punctate in distal quarter; DPP and VPP each comprising moderate proximal granule and additional smaller granules, VPP less developed than DPP; dorsal intercarinal surface densely granular (³) or sparsely granular, nongranular surfaces punctate (♀); external intercarinal surface sparsely granular (³) or smooth (♀), nongranular surfaces punctate; ventral intercarinal surface smooth and punctate; internal intercarinal surface densely granular. Chela manus narrow (³) or slightly incrassate (♀), fingers relatively elongated (fig. 40); chela length/width ratio, ³, 4.46–4.87 (n 5 5; mean 5 4.62); ♀, 4.18 (n 5 1); length/height ratio, ³, 4.67–5.09 (n 5 5; mean 5 4.88); ♀, 4.38 (n 5 1). Manus and fingers, intercarinal surfaces weakly granular, more so in ³, nongranular surfaces densely punctate, more so in ♀, and covered with scattered microsetae, more densely so on fingers; D carina punctate, more so in ♀, and weakly granular (³) on manus, weakly developed and costate on distal three-quarters of fixed finger; SD carina restricted to proximal third of manus, weakly granular (³) or punctate (♀); DS carina complete, weakly granular and punctate on manus, becoming costate on fixed finger; DMA carina weakly granular and punctate on manus, becoming costate on fixed finger, well developed on proximal third of finger, becoming progressively less pronounced distally until trichobothrium dm 2, and becoming more pronounced distally thereafter; DI carina discontinuous, interrupted by three porous areas at base of fixed finger, weakly granular and punctate on manus, becoming costate on distal quarter of fixed finger; E, VE, and VI carinae punctate, more so in ♀, and weakly granular (³) ; IM carina weakly granular and punctate, two porous areas on manus in place of IM carina. Fixed finger, median denticle row continuous, complete; flanked by 10 external and nine internal denticles; internal accessory denticles arranged in three rows, first row comprising few denticles, discontinuous in proximal half of finger, interspersed with internal denticles, second and third rows each comprising 28–30 denticles, discontinuous, restricted to distal two-thirds of finger; external accessory denticles arranged in two rows, one adjacent to median row, continuous in proximal 80 % of finger, second (externalmost) row, continuous in distal 80 % of finger, interspersed with external denticles.

Trichobothria: Femur with three trichobothria (fig. 39A). Patella with 33 trichobothria (fig. 39B–D): two dorsal, seven ventral, 23 external, one internal; trichobothrium v 6 situated slightly closer to v 5 than to v 7; est 5 situated on VE margin, slightly distal to est 4; est 2 situated proximal to est 3 and est 4; est 3 usually situated proximal to est 4 (slightly distal to est 4 observed in one case); em 1 usually situated slightly proximal to em 2 and em 3; esb 2 situated slightly distal to esb 3. Chela with 26 trichobothria (fig. 40): 10 situated on manus, three ventral, seven external; 16 situated on fixed finger, seven external, six dorsal, three internal (it, isb, ib); ist absent; it situated slightly proximal to, or in same axis as est; Est situated closer to V 3 than to Et 1; Et 1 and Et 2 situated in same axis; eb situated proximal to base of fixed finger; db situated between esb and eb, slighty closer to esb; dm 1 situated slightly proximal to et 3.

Legs: Prolateral surfaces granular, retrolateral surfaces smooth. Femur III, DI carina restricted to distal half of segment; DE and EM carinae obscured by granulation; VI carina complete. Patella III, DI carina complete; VI carina comprising few granules, restricted to distal half of segment; other carinae obscured by dorsal and external granulation. Basitarsus III setose; retrodorsal row of small subspiniform granules restricted to proximal two-thirds or medial third of segment; prodorsal row vestigial, comprising only two or three small subspiniform granules medially; one dorsal and two ventral rows of small brushlike spinules, retrodorsal and proventral rows restricted to distal third of segment, ventromedian row complete or restricted to distal twothirds. Telotarsus III setose, pro- and retroventral rows each with 5–6 elongated macrosetae.

Tergites: Pretergites I – VII, surfaces punctate. Posttergites I– VI (fig. 12A), surfaces finely and densely granular, more coarsely so on posterior half of IV – VI (³) or almost smooth and punctate, with sparse granulation on posterior half of IV – VI (♀) ; dorsomedian carina present only on VI, vestigial, comprising one or two posterior granules; dorsosubmedian carinae vestigial, comprising three or four posterior granules on III – VI (³) or V and VI (♀). Posttergite VII, surface finely granular laterally (more so in ³), becoming coarsely granular medially ; paired dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae moderately developed on posterior twothirds; posterior margin with transverse row of small granules.

Sternum: Ventral surface with eight macrosetae, one pair situated anteriorly and three pairs on posterolateral lobes; apex and anteri- or margins with several microsetae (fig. 14A).

Pectines: Pectinal tooth count: ³, 9 (n 5 9), 10 (3); ♀, 9 (2) (fig. 14A).

Sternites: Sternites III–VI, surfaces smooth, moderately (♀) or densely (³) punctate; VII, surface smooth and punctate with sparse fine granules laterally, VL carinae absent (♀) or vestigial, each comprising one or two weak granules in medial third (³).

Metasoma: Segments I– IV, dorsal intercarinal surfaces finely and densely granular (³) or smooth and punctate (♀) (figs. 16B, 19B) ; lateral and ventral intercarinal surfaces coarsely and densely granular, nongranular surfaces slightly punctate (³) (fig. 16B) or sparsely granular, nongranular surfaces densely punctate (♀); small porous area situated posteriorly at LIM position on segments I–IV; DSM carinae vestigial, comprising row of small granules on segments I– IV (³) or restricted to two or three small granules in medial third of I and II (♀) ; DL carinae complete, granular, posterior granules forming low mound, more pronounced on segments III and IV; LSM carinae absent or vestigial, comprising few small granules in median third of segments I–IV; ML carinae complete, granular on segments I–IV; LIM carinae complete on segment I, restricted to posterior third of II, restricted to posterior third (³) or comprising few posterior gran- ules (♀) on III, comprising two or three granules posteriorly on IV ; VL carinae complete, well developed, granular; VSM carinae obsolete on segments I and II, complete, moderately developed on III, well developed on IV. Segment V, length/width ratio, ³, 2.14 –2.34 (n 5 5; mean 5 2.21), ♀, 2.00 (n 5 1) ; length/height ratio, ³, 2.42–2.56 (n 5 5; mean 5 2.48), ♀, 2.30 (n 5 1); dorsal intercarinal surface finely granular in anteri- or half, smooth in posterior half; lateral and ventral intercarinal surfaces densely granular (³) or sparsely granular to smooth (♀) (figs. 16B, 19B, 20B); porous area, situated posteriorly at LIM position, moderately developed; DL carinae complete, obsolete in posterior half; LSM carinae absent; ML carinae moderately developed in anterior three-quarters of segment; LIM carinae absent; VL carinae complete, well developed; VSM carinae vestigial, comprising row of small granules in anterior third of segment; VM carina coarsely granular, restricted to anterior three-quarters of segment, bifurcating posteriorly (fig. 21E).

Telson: Length/height ratio, ³, 3.37–3.54 (n 5 5; mean 5 3.43); ♀, 2.38 (n 5 1). Vesicle slightly elongated; dorsal surface smooth; lateral surfaces mostly smooth, punctate, ventral surfaces finely and sparsely granular, nongranular surfaces punctate (³) or lateral and ventral surfaces coarsely and sparsely granular, nongranular surfaces punctate (♀) (fig. 23A, B); ventral surfaces with scattered microsetae. Aculeus short and gently curved (³) or slightly elongated and more strongly curved (♀).

Hemispermatophore: Lamina slightly elongated, approximately same length as trunk (fig. 40A–C); apex wider proximally, curved, and progressively tapering distally; flagellum short, strongly curved; ental margin with short proximal fold toward dorsal surface; articular flexure present; pedicel conspicuous, approximately as long as ental fold. Trunk well developed, slightly tortuous medially; sheath-shaped part approximately half length of trunk, ventral concavity well developed; foot weakly sclerotized, approximately half length of trunk. Lobe region well developed with two lobes; ental lobe moderately developed, sclerotized, forming projection toward ental surface; median lobe well developed, extending ventrally, ventral surfaces densely papillose, more so distally, except along median trough, distal margin moderately folded, median trough deep, restricted to proximal two-thirds of median lobe; dorsal apophysis strongly sclerotized, horn shaped, slightly curved apically, almost reaching ental fold of apex.

REMARKS: Records of C. insignis from Venezuela ( Scorza, 1954a, 1954b, 1954c; Esquivel de Verde and Machado-Allison, 1969), based on 1 ³ and 9 ♀ from Ugueto (upper Orinoco River), are misidentifications. We examined some of these specimens, currently deposited at the MBUCV, and confirmed that they are congeneric with Chactopsoides , n. gen., but they are poorly preserved and it is difficult to establish whether they are conspecific with any described species.

DISTRIBUTION: Chactopsis insignis was described from an imprecise locality, between Iquitos and Moyobamba, in Peru ( Kraepelin, 1912). Lourenço and Francke (1986) confirmed the presence of this species at Iquitos and Pucallpa, in the Peruvian Amazon, and Lourenço (2002a) reported it from the western part of the state of Amazonas, Brazil (fig. 1). We added two new records from adjacent areas of Peru and Brazil. This species is currently known from five localities in the departments of Loreto

and Ucayali, Peru, and the state of Amazonas, Brazil.

HABITAT: All known localities of C. insignis occur in primary rainforest in the Amazon basin (fig. 3C). Personally collected specimens from Peru were found at night by UV light detection, among leaf litter in terra firme forest. This species was found in sympatry with three buthids, Tityus bastosi Lourenço, 1984 , T. metuendus , and a species of Ananteris Thorell, 1891 .

Figures

Fig. 1. Distribution of Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, plotting known locality records in Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, open circles; Chactopsis barajuri González- Sponga, 1982, solid triangle; Chactopsis buhrnheimi Lourenço, 2003, open star; Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., open triangle; Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., open diamond; Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, solid squares; Chactopsis siapaensis González-Sponga, 1991, open square; Chactopsis sujirima González-Sponga, 1982, solid circles; undetermined Chactopsis species, solid stars. Box indicates area mapped in figure 2.

Fig. 3. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, habitat. A. Reserva Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, habitat of Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986. B. Guacamayo, Tarapoto, San Martín Department, Peru, habitat of Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp. C. Tahuayo River, Loreto Department, Peru, habitat of Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912.

Fig. 5. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, Chactopsoides, n. gen., and Megachactops, n. gen., habitus in life. A, B. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, Reserva Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. A. ³. B. ♀. C. Chactopsoides anduzei (González-Sponga, 1982), n. comb., ³, Isla Ratón, Amazonas, Venezuela. D. Chactopsoides gonzalezspongai, n. sp., ³, Isla Piñate, Amazonas, Venezuela. E. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³, Tahuayo River, Loreto Department, Peru. F. Megachactops kuemoi, n. sp., ♀, Tobogan del Cuao, Amazonas, Venezuela.

Fig. 7. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, dextral pedipalp segments showing reinterpretation of trichobothrial pattern proposed in present contribution, with corresponding terminology from Vachon (1974) in parentheses. *Trichobothium ist absent in Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, present in Chactopsoides, n. gen., and Megachactops, n. gen. A. Chela fixed finger. B–D. Chela manus. E. Femur. F–H. Patella. A, E, F. Dorsal aspect. B, G. External aspect. C, H. Ventral aspect; D. Internal aspect. Annotations: d, dorsal; db, Db, dorsal basal; dm, dorsal medial; dsb, dorsal suprabasal; dst, dorsal subterminal; dt, Dt, dorsal terminal; e, external; eb, Eb, external basal; em, external medial; esb, Esb, external suprabasal; est, Est, external subterminal; et, Et, external terminal; i, internal; ib, internal basal; isb, internal subbasal; ist, internal subterminal; it, internal terminal; v, V, ventral. Scale bar 5 1 mm.

Fig. 9. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, Chactopsoides, n. gen., and Megachactops, n. gen., dextral pedipalp chela, movable finger, dorsal aspect showing dentition. A. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³ (MHNC). C. Chactopsoides anduzei (González-Sponga, 1982), n. comb., ³ (AMNH). D. Chactopsoides gonzalezspongai, n. sp., paratype ³ (AMNH). E. Megachactops kuemoi, n. sp., paratype ♀ (MHNC). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 11. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912. A. ³ (MHNC). B. ♀ (MHNC). C, D. Chactopsis siapaensis González-Sponga, 1991. C. Holotype ³ (MAGS). D. ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 12. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, tergites I–VII, dorsal aspect. A. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³ (MHNC). B. Chactopsis sujirima González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ♀ (MAGS). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 14. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912. ³ (MHNC). B, C. Chactopsis siapaensis González-Sponga, 1991. B. Holotype ³ (MAGS). C. ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 16. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, metasomal segments III–V, lateral aspect. A. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³ (MHNC). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 19. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, metasomal segments I–IV, ventral aspect. A. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³ (MHNC). C. Chactopsis siapaensis González-Sponga, 1991, holotype ³ (MAGS). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 20. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, metasomal segment V, lateral aspect. A. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, ♀ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ♀ (MHNC). C. Chactopsis siapaensis González-Sponga, 1991, ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 21. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, metasomal segment V, ventral aspect. A. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, ♀ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis barajuri González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ³ (MAGS). C. Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., holotype ³ (MHNC). D. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). E. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³ (MHNC). F. Chactopsis siapaensis González- Sponga, 1991, holotype ³ (MAGS). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 22. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, telson, lateral aspect. A, B. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986. A. ³ (MZSP). B. ♀ (MZSP). C. Chactopsis barajuri González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ³ (MAGS). D. Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., holotype ³ (MHNC). E. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 39. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³ (MHNC), dextral pedipalp segments. A. Femur. B–D. Patella. A, B. Dorsal aspect. C. External aspect. D. Ventral aspect. Scale bar 5 1 mm.

Fig. 40. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, dextral pedipalp chela. A. ³ (MHNC). B–E. ♀ (MHNC). A, C. External aspect. B. Dorsal aspect. D. Ventral aspect. E. Internal aspect. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 41. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³ (MPEG), sinistral hemispermatophore. A. Ental aspect. B. Dorsal aspect. C. Ectal aspect. Scale bar 5 1 mm.