Garra longchuanensis, Yu, Qian, Wang, Xuzheng, Xiong, Huan & He, Shunping, 2016

Yu, Qian, Wang, Xuzheng, Xiong, Huan & He, Shunping, 2016, Garra longchuanensis, a new cyprinid (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from southern China, Zootaxa 4126 (2), pp. 295-300 : 296-299

Garra longchuanensis , new species

Holotype. ihb 201306027, 145.2 mm SL; Longchuan Jiang River, a tributary flowing to the Yiluowadi Jiang (Irrawaddy River) basin in Tengchong, Yunnan, China (24°53′27″N, 98°40′31″E, 1207m), 5 March 2014, Weitao Chen.

Paratypes. ihb201305991, 201305993, 201305996, 201305997, 201306018, 201306022–201306024, 201306026, 9 ex., 130.5–161.2 mm SL, locality and date same as for holotype.

Diagnosis. A medium-sized species of Garra possessing a slightly pointed snout in dorsal view with a welldeveloped and deep transverse groove. Rostral lobe well-developed, with acanthoid tubercles distributed irregularly. Well-developed forehead proboscis represented by quadrate area in front of nostril with row of pointed and acanthoid tubercles. Predorsal region, chest and abdomen scaled; two pairs of barbels. Lateral-line scale rows 33–35; circumpeduncular scale rows 12. Branched pectoral-fin rays 15-16; branched pelvic-fin rays 9. Series of distinct black spots at bases of branched dorsal-fin rays; black mark at tip of upper caudal-fin rays.

Description. Measurements and counts of specimens are given in Table 1. A comparison of G. longchuanensis with its closest congeners is in Table 2 . The general appearance of the body is shown in Figure 1 , and the morphology of the snout and mental disc are pictured in Figure 2 .

Body elongate, anteriorly cylindrical and posteriorly slightly compressed laterally. Head moderately large; height less than length; width greater than height. Caudal peduncle slender, length 1.4–1.9 times in width. Snout slightly pointed with deep groove across tip to forming transverse lobe and conspicuous, tuberculated and quadrate forehead proboscis before nostril, deflected downward against snout. Proboscis in small specimens not as conspicuous as in large specimens. Eye small, dorsolaterally located in posterior of head; interorbital width broad and flat. Two pairs of barbels; rostral barbels anterolaterally located, shorter than eye diameter; maxillary barbels at corner of mouth, far shorter than rostral ones.

Rostral cap moderately crenulated, and with numerous papillae, separated from upper jaw by a deep groove and posteriorly continuous with lower lip. Upper and lower jaw with a thin horny sheath edge. Upper lip absent, lower lip modified into mental adhesive disc. Disc elliptical, shorter than wide; lateral and posterior margins with profuse papillae; anterior margin modified to form transverse, fleshy, bulged skin fold covered heavily by tiny papillae. Anteromedial fold separated from lower jaw by deep groove and posteriorly bordered in notch with central callous pad; lateral and posterior margins surrounding central callous pad papillate and free; posteriormost margin not reaching vertical from posterior margin of eye.

Morphometrics G. longchuanensis

Holotype 10 specimens including holotype

Min Max Mean SD

SL (mm) 145.2 130.5 161.2 146.3

% SL

Body depth 20.7 19.2 24.7 22.3 2.0 Head length 23.6 22.4 25.6 24.2 0.9 Head height 14.5 14.5 16.5 15.4 0.6 Head width 17.4 17.0 18.3 17.8 0.4 Dorsal-fin length 22.7 21.4 26.2 23.4 11.7 Pectoral-fin length 18.9 18.8 21.8 20.4 0.9 Pelvic-fin length 18.7 18.7 21.8 19.8 0.9 Anal-fin length 16.9 16.9 19.6 18.3 0.9 Caudal-peduncle length 20.6 17.8 20.6 19.5 0.9 Caudal-peduncle height 11.1 10.9 12.6 11.6 0.6 Predorsal length 46.5 43.5 48.7 45.8 1.4 Prepectoral length 21.5 20.5 23.2 22.1 0.8 Prepelvic length 52.5 49.1 54.2 51.8 1.6 Preanal length 75.7 73.1 76.6 75.2 1.2 % HL

Snout length 50.2 50.2 55.9 53.7 2.0 Eye diameter 14.5 13.0 16.3 14.8 2.1 Interorbital space 54.6 50.0 57.1 54.1 2.1 Disc length 48.0 44.5 53.0 48.1 2.3 Disc width 61.1 57.3 69.2 62.4 3.6 % Pelvic-anal distance

Anus–anal distance 30.1 27.2 39.1 32.6 4.2 a Data from Zhang (2005) Lateral line complete, with 33 (5), 34 (7) and 35 (3) scale rows; 4 transverse scale rows above lateral line and 3 below. Circumpeduncular scale rows 12. Predosal scale rows 9 (5), 10 (10); relatively smaller than flank scales. Chest and belly scaled. Long axillary scale present at base of pelvic fin.

Dorsal fin with 4 simple and 7 (4) or 8 (11) branched rays, last one spilt to base; origin closer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base; distal margin concave; first branched ray longest, last branched ray not extending to vertical from anal-fin origin. Pectoral and pelvic fins nearly horizontal. Pectoral fin with 1 simple and 15 (2), 16 (13) branched rays; not reaching pelvic-fin origin; fin length less than head length. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 9 branched rays; tip surpassing anus; fin length less than head length and close to pectoral-fin length; origin of fin closer to caudal-fin base than to snout tip. Anal fin with 3 simple and 5 branched rays, last ray spilt to base; fin not reaching ventral origin of caudal-fin base; origin of anal fin closer to caudal-fin base than to pelvic-fin origin. Vent located closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin origin; distance of 4 scale rows to anal-fin origin. Caudal fin forked; longest rays about 1.5–2.0 times as long as shortest rays; upper lobe slightly shorter than lower lobe; a black mark at tip of upper caudal-fin rays.

Coloration. Preserved specimens: dorsum and sides of head dark gray; disc and belly faint yellow; lower half of body grayish-white. Six longitudinal blackish stripes extending along lateral portion of body, more conspicuous on caudal peduncle. Pectoral fin with dark dorsal surface on outside rays; caudal fin with black median rays; other fins dusky. Series of distinct black spots at bases of the branched dorsal-fin rays; black mark at tip of upper caudalfin rays.

Distribution. Known from the Longchuan Jiang River, a tributary flowing to the Yiluowadi Jiang (Irrawaddy River) basin in Tengchong, Yunnan, southern China ( Fig. 3 ).

Etymology. The species is named after the Longchuan Jiang River, its type locality.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Garra longchuanensis, ihb 201306027, holotype, 145.2 mm SL, China, Yunnan Province, Yiluowadi Jiang basin, Longchuan Jiang River in Tengchong; lateral view.

FIGURE 2. Garra longchuanensis, ihb 201306027, holotype, 145.2 mm SL, China, Yunnan Province, Yiluowadi Jiang basin, Longchuan Jiang River in Tengchong; dorsal and ventral views of head.

FIGURE 3. Map showing locality of Garra longchuanensis examined. Letters refer to the following: L, Longchuan Jiang River; S, Salween River; M, Mekong River; J, Jinsha River. Black circle = species collection.

Tables

TABLE 2. Meristic counts of Garra longchuanensis and four congeners.

Characters	G. longchuanensis n=15	G. orientalis a n=28	G. qiaojiensis a n=12	G. salweenica a n=10	G. bispinosa a n=27
Dorsal-fin rays	iv,7–8	iv,8	iv,8	iv,8	iv,8
Pectoral-fin rays	i,15–16	i,14–15	i,13	i,12–13	i,13
Pelvic-fin rays	i,9	i,8	i,8	i,8	i,8
Anal-fin rays	iii,5	iii,5	iii,5	iii,5	iii,5
Lateral-line scales	33–35	32–34	34	33–34	34
Scales below lateral line	3	3	2.5–3	3–3.5	2.5
Predorsal scales	9–10	9–10	10	9–11	10
Circumpeduncular scales	12	16	12	16	16