Sisyrina qiong Yang & Gao, 2002

Yang, Ying & Liu, Xingyue, 2021, New spongillaflies of the genus Sisyrina Banks, 1939 (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) from the Oriental faunal region, Zootaxa 5052 (4), pp. 552-566 : 560-563

Sisyrina qiong Yang & Gao, 2002

( Figs. 6–8 )

Sisyrina qiong Yang & Gao, 2002: 288 . Type locality: China (Hainan: Jiangfengling ).

Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the pale antenna with basal eight segments brown ( Fig. 6A ), the forewing with the distance between each crossvein of RP area and corresponding forking point of RP branch shorter than (about 0.7 times as long as) the length of corresponding RP fork ( Fig. 7A ), and the male gonocoxite 9 broad basally but rod-shaped distally and curved ventrad ( Fig. 8 ).

Re-description. Male. Body length 2.7 mm; forewing length 3.8 mm and width 1.3 mm; hindwing length 3.0 mm and width 1.3 mm.

Body brown. Head ( Fig. 6 ) mostly brown; compound eyes prominent and black. Scape brown, densely covered by long setae; swollen medially, about twice as long as wide; pedicel brown, slightly longer than flagellomere; flagellum partially damaged, remaining basal 23 flagellomeres on left antenna and 27 flagellomeres on right antenna, pale with basal six segments brown, each one densely covered by long setae. Maxillary and labial palpi pale brown; terminal segment of maxillary palpus triangular in lateral view, broadest at base, tapering distally.

Thorax brown, covered by many short setae. Legs slender and pale brown, meso- and metacoxae brown; densely covered by long setae; tarsomere 1 equal to combined length of tarsomeres 2-4; pretarsal claws simple; arolium present.

Forewing ( Fig. 7A ) oval, distally rounded; trichosors present along distal margin; dark longitudinal stripes present among longitudinal veins; pterostigma indistinct, with indistinctive crossveins; costal area with 10 crossveins proximad pterostigma; two scp-ra crossveins present basally and distally; ScP weakened distally, not running into RA; three ra-rp crossveins; RP with three main branches; MA dichotomously branched distally; two rp-ma crossveins present; MP branched into MP1 and MP2, both branches distally bifurcated or trifurcated; two ma-mp, one mp1-mp2 crossveins present; CuA with three pectinate and simple branches; three mp-cua crossveins; CuP, A1 and A2 simple; one cua-cup crossvein present; seven subapical gradates with each interrupted centrally by a rounded hyaline spot except anterior-most one and posterior-most one; distance between each crossveins of RP area and corresponding forking point of RP branch shorter than (about 0.7 times as long as) corresponding marginal RP fork; 2rp-ma, 2ma-mp and mp1-mp2 crossveins respectively connecting stem of MA, MP1 and MP2.

Hindwing ( Fig. 7B ) oval, distally rounded; trichosors present along distal margin; pterostigma indistinct, with indistinctive crossveins; costal area with seven crossveins proximad pterostigma; ScP running into RA distally; RP with three main branches; two ra-rp crossveins; MA distally trifurcated; one rp-ma crossvein present; MP branched into MP1 and MP2, both branches distally bifurcated or trifurcated; two ma-mp and one mp1-mp2 crossveins present; CuA with four pectinate and simple branches; CuP, A1 and A2 simple; one a1-a2 crossvein present; seven subapical gradates with each interrupted centrally by a rounded hyaline spot except anterior-most one and posteriormost one.

Abdomen ( Fig. 8 ) pale brown; tergum and sternum indistinct; setae almost lost or indistinct due to the poor condition of preservation. Sternum 9 elliptical in lateral view and plate-shaped in caudal view, covered by many setae. Gonocoxite 9 broad basally, rod-shaped distally, and distinctly curved ventrad, covered by many setae. Gonocoxites 11 arcuate, dorsal and ventral margins sinuous, lateral margin angular; gonostylus 11 small and spinous, slightly bended ventrad. Ectoprocts covered by many short setae, posteromedially concaved nearly to its half-length, forming a V-shaped incision; rounded lateroventrally. Hypandrium indistinct.

Female. Unknown.

Type material. Holotype ♂, China: Hainan, Ledong Li Autonomous, Jianfengling Nature Reserve [18°71′N, 108°87′E], 16.XII.1974, Fasheng Li ( CAU).

Distribution. China (Hainan).

Remarks. Sisyrina qiong has some characters greatly different from the other species of Sisyrina , i.e., the distance between each crossvein of RP area and corresponding forking point of RP branch shorter than the length of corresponding RP fork in forewing, and the 2rp-ma, 2ma-mp and mp1-mp2 crossveins respectively located on the forks of MA, MP1 and MP2 veins. In the other species of Sisyrina except S. tropica (the states of the above characters are unknown by lack of description), the distance between each crossvein of RP area and corresponding forking point of RP branch is nearly as long as or longer than the corresponding RP fork in forewing, and the 2rp-ma, 2ma-mp and mp1-mp2 crossveins are respectively located on the stems of MA, MP1 and MP2 veins. Concerning the male genital characters, the male gonocoxite 9 is broad basally but distally slenderly rod-shaped and curved ventrad in S. qiong , while this sclerite is elliptical in S. nirvana and S. tropica , and short and ovoid in S. fashengi sp. nov. Yang & Gao (2002) once doubted the generic affiliation of S. qiong based on its unique genital characters. However, we consider that the present placement of this species in Sisyrina should be correct by the presence of the combination of the following generic diagnostic character: three RP branches, seven subapical gradates, and male sternum 9 short and simple.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Sisyrina qiong Yang & Gao, 2002, holotype, male. A. Habitus photograph, lateroventral view; B. Photograph of head, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B).

FIGURE 7. Photograph of fore- and hindwing of Sisyrina qiong Yang & Gao, 2002, holotype, male. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 8. Sisyrina qiong Yang & Gao, 2002, holotype, male. A–B. Genitalia, lateral view (left: photograph; right: drawing); C–D. Same, dorsal view (left: photograph; right: drawing); E–F. Same, caudal view (left: photograph; right: drawing). S: sternum; T: tergum; ect: ectoprocts; gst: gonostylus; gx: gonocoxite. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.