Pachycara brachycephalum ( Pappenheim, 1912 )
publication ID |
z01110p001 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F40B31EF-77F0-42C8-B373-FCD07872A31A |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6258169 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/39F32B67-6640-5412-6E29-F57FC5562F4D |
treatment provided by |
Thomas |
scientific name |
Pachycara brachycephalum ( Pappenheim, 1912 ) |
status |
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Pachycara brachycephalum ( Pappenheim, 1912) View in CoL View at ENA
Lycodes brachycephalus Pappenheim, 1912: 179 ZBK , pl. X, fig. 3 (type locality: Davis Sea ).
Austrolycichthys brachycephalus : Regan, 1913: 244, fig. 2; Norman, 1938: 81, 83.
Pachycara brachycephalus : Anderson, 1988: 74, fig. 16.
Pachycara brachycephalum : Anderson, 1990b: 274, fig. 22.
Material examined. Weddell Sea: MNHN 1990-635 (1 specimen; 210 mm SL), 72°55.0'S, 19°49'W, 617 m, POLARSTERN sta. 269 , Feb. 1989, W. Arntz. GoogleMaps ISH 9/91 (1; 150 mm SL), 72°53.3'S, 19°34.7'W, 481 m, POLARSTERN, ANT V/3 , 20 Oct. 1986, W. Ekau. GoogleMaps ISH 16/91 (2; 105-251 mm SL), 72°51.4'S, 19°41.4'W, 460 m, POLARSTERN, ANT V/3 , 8 Nov. 1986, W. Ekau. GoogleMaps South Orkney Islands: USNM 356658 (3 specimens; 230-311 mm SL), 60°45.5'S, 48°13.5'W, 2511-2542 m, ISLAS ORCADAS coll. UMO 116 , 18 Feb. 1976, H. H. DeWitt. GoogleMaps South Shetland Islands: SAM 34531 (5; 250-354 mm SL), 61°42.0'S, 55°05.9'W, 2227-2234 m, POLARSTERN sta. AGT 111 , 14 Dec. 1996, K.-H. Kock GoogleMaps Ross Sea: RUSI 54819 (3; 210-240 mm SL), 72°59.8'S, 175°08.6'E, 360 m, N.B. PALMER 96-6 , 18 Dec. 1996, J. T. Eastman. GoogleMaps RUSI 54821 (3; 205-217 mm SL), 75°30.1'S, 174°56.8'E, 300 m, N. B. PALMER 96-6 , 3 Jan. 1997, J. T. Eastman. GoogleMaps RUSI 54825 (32; 184-253 mm SL), 77°59.0'S, 177°58.9'E, N. B. PALMER 96-6 , 24 Dec. 1996, J. T. Eastman. GoogleMaps
Diagnosis. Pachycara brachycephalum is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: pelvic fins present or (rarely) absent; branchiostegal rays 6; no occipital pores; lateral line with ventral and mediolateral branches, ventral originating behind posteriormost postorbital pore, mediolateral originating on vertical through pectoral fin margin or somewhat anterior to margin when fin appressed; gill rakers blunt and triangular except in specimens over about 320 mm SL; vertebrae 20-27 + 71-86 = 92-113.
Remarks. This species was thoroughly redescribed on the basis of 76 specimens, including four syntypes, by Anderson (1988). All of these possessed the typical, rudimentary pelvic fins of most zoarcids. The new Weddell and Ross seas material adds no further data except the following: Pelvic fins are absent in RUSI 54819, MNHN 1990-635, one (105 mm SL) in ISH 16/91, 28 in RUSI 54825 and one (217 mm SL) in RUSI 54821. The other in ISH 16/91, ISH 9/91, MNHN 1990-633, 1990-634, two (205, 214 mm SL) in RUSI 54821 and four (202-228 mm SL) in RUSI 54825 have regressed, nipple-like pelvic fins as described for P. rimae ZBK by Anderson (1989). Five zoarcid species are now known in which pelvic fins are present or absent (others are Pachycara mesoporum ZBK , P. sulaki ZBK , Lycenchelys monstrosa ZBK and Crossostomus chilensis ( Anderson, 1994: 13) .
Pachycara goni ZBK from the Weddell Sea was diagnosed in part on its furcate gill rakers, like those of the West African P. crossacanthum ZBK ( Anderson, 1989, 1991). Three specimens of P. brachycephalum in SAM 34531, 322-356 mm SL, the largest known, had furcate gill rakers as well, thus this state seems to have an ontogenetic component in P. brachycephalum . However, P. goni ZBK (single known specimen at 262 mm SL) is distinguised from P. brachycephalum by its higher vertebral and unpaired fin-ray counts (vert. 27 + 98; D 118; A 99), seven suborbital pores and more posterior origin of the mediolateral lateral line. Specimens USNM 356658 of P. brachycephalum had the dorsal-fin origin associated with vertebrae 8-9, extending this character from vertebrae 3-7 ( Anderson, 1988) to vertebrae 3-9. These also extend the lower depth range from 1810 m ( Anderson, 1988) to 2542 m, overlapping that of the presumed lower-slope Pachycara goni ( Anderson, 1991) ZBK , caught at 2025-2037 m.
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