Gyriosomus crispaticollis Fairmaire, 1886

Guerrero, Marcelo, Diéguez, Víctor M., Anguita-Salinas, Simón & Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, 2023, The discarded cow from the flowered desert: revalidation of Gyriosomus crispaticollis Fairmaire, 1886 stat. rev. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Southern Atacama, Chile, Zootaxa 5319 (2), pp. 283-291 : 285-288

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.2.9
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:904F67DC-724E-4630-9BE1-8651CCFA1BB8
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182605
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A2D87AF-1F5C-FFC2-FF68-FAB6FAB098F9
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Gyriosomus crispaticollis Fairmaire, 1886
status	stat. nov.

Treatment

Gyriosomus crispaticollis Fairmaire, 1886 stat. rev.

( Figs. 2a–g View FIGURE 2 )

Gyriosomus crispaticollis Fairmaire, 1886 : CLXX; Philippi 1887: 727 (cat.); Gebien 1910: 141 (cat.).

Synonymized with Gyriosomus luczotii: Gebien, 1937: 744 (cat.), 1944: 141 (rev.), Kulzer 1959: 533 (cat.), Peña 1966: 409 (cat.).

Type material examined. Holotype male ( Fig. 2a–c View FIGURE 2 ) in MNHN labelled a) “ Gyriosomus / crispaticollis / Fairm.1886; B / Chili ” (white handwritten label), b) “ MUSEUM PARIS / Collection Léon Fairmaire / 1906” (blue light printed label), c)“ TYPE ” (red printed label), d) “ SYNTYPE ” ”(red printed label), e) “ SYNTYPE / Gyriosomus / crispaticollis Fairmaire, 1886 ” (white printed label), f) “M N HN / EC8657” (white printed label). One Paratype female ( Fig. 2d–f View FIGURE 2 ) in MNHN labelled: a) “ MUSEUM PARIS / Collection Léon Fairmaire / 1906” (blue light printed label), b) “ TYPE ”(red printed label), c) “ SYNTYPE ” ”(red printed label), d) “ SYNTYPE / Gyriosomus / crispaticollis Fairmaire, 1886 ” (white printed label), e) “M N HN / EC8658” (white printed label) .

Other material studied. Ovalle , Socos , Ruta 5 Norte (Km 370) deviation to Termas de Soco. (- 30.72 S, - 71.49 W). 10 specimens, 15-XI-2015. leg. M. Guerrero y Y. Muñoz. 14 specimens, 30-X-2020. leg. S. Roitman. 15 specimens, 21-XI-2020 GoogleMaps . leg. V. M. Diéguez y M. Guerrero. Ovalle, Alcones (- 30.79°S, - 71.53°W). 2 specimens, 23.X.2020 GoogleMaps . leg. V. Villablanca-Miranda. Ovalle , Ruta D-540 (- 30.58°S, - 71.51°W). 7 specimens GoogleMaps . leg. V. Villablanca-Miranda .

Redescription. Length: 18.0– 19.5 mm; width: 9.0–11.0 mm. Head black, front without tuft of setae on inner margin of eye. Antennae extended backwards beyond base of the pronotum. Antennomere XI with a tomentose sensory patch completely covering it. Pronotum black ( Fig. 2a, d, g View FIGURE 2 ), glabrous, convex, irregular and coarsely wrinkled, with deep wrinkles reaching all margins. Lateral parts of pronotum with small punctures only visible under magnification (25x). Anterior and lateral margins concave; lateral margins with a row of long irregular setae in the groove formed by the double lateral margin. Posterior angles acute, projecting backwards to elytral humerus. Pronotum widest at posterior half. Width of pronotum twice as long at the midpoint. Horizontal prosternum with straight and pointed process ( Fig. 2b View FIGURE 2 ), triangular in lateral view ( Fig. 2c View FIGURE 2 ). Prosternum higher than mesosternum ( Fig. 2c View FIGURE 2 ). Mesosternum with long setae over the entire surface. Metasternum with a tuft of setae in the middle ( Fig. 2b, c View FIGURE 2 ). Elytra widest at middle of its length, with few protuberances and suture noticeably raised in the anterior half. The elytral disc is triangular in shape (i.e. elytral triangle; Fig. 1a View FIGURE 1 ) with irregular pubescent patches. Seven long, thin, pubescent, striae reach the lateral margins but not the disc. The first four striae are diagonal from lateral margins towards the elytral suture and the remaining three (striae 5, 6 and 7) are almost parallel to the elytral suture ( Fig. 2a View FIGURE 2 ). Striae 5, 6 and 7 extend throughout the apical third. Strong rows of granulations run along the midline of each stria. The space between the striae is as wide as the striae and raised. Lateral margin thick, granulate and almost reaching the apex, gradually disappearing towards the apical declivity. Pseudopleuron smooth and glabrous. Epipleuron smooth and with short, dark greyish short setae. Black legs, femora more pubescent on ventral surface than on dorsal surface. Pro and mesofemur with denser and longer pubescence on ventral surface than on metafemur. Protibiae with denser pubescence on all surfaces ( Fig. 2b, c View FIGURE 2 ). Abdomen: First abdominal segment with a tuft of golden setae in the central area. Aedeagus in ventral view with lateral styles narrowing towards the apex, base 3x wider than the apex ( Fig. 3a View FIGURE 3 ), barely curved and thick ( Fig. 3b View FIGURE 3 ), with scarce punctures on the surface. Apex with abundant long setae ( Fig. 3a View FIGURE 3 ). Basal margin bisinuate. Basal lamina of tegmen curved and 2.5x longer than lateral styles ( Fig. 3a, b View FIGURE 3 ), lateral margins sub-straight with last third narrowing to the base, basal margin sub-rounded ( Fig. 3a View FIGURE 3 ).

Female. In general, females are quite similar to males but larger: length: 19.5–22.5 mm; width 12.5–13.0 mm ( Fig. 2d View FIGURE 2 ). Elytra 1.6x more elevated ( Fig. 2e View FIGURE 2 ). Mesosternum with less long setae. Metasternum glabrous in the center. First abdominal segment glabrous (see Fig. 2 f View FIGURE 2 ). Ovipositor in ventral view ( Fig. 3g View FIGURE 3 ) with the second coxite plate + valvifer (v+c2) sub-square barely wider on the half portion, surface barely rugose, very abundant radially directed long setae. The third coxite plate (c3), rounded, 3x smaller than v+c2 and covered by long setae directed to the apex. Fourth coxite plate (c4) strongly sclerotized and lanceolate. In ventral view, c4 curved, thin and pointed ( Fig 3h View FIGURE 3 ). Paraproct (p) glabrous and smooth on ventral view ( Fig. 3g View FIGURE 3 ) but covered by long setae directed backwards on the dorsal and lateral face ( Fig. 3h View FIGURE 3 ).

Intraspecific variation. There is great variation in the wrinkles on the lateral edges of the pronotum which are sometimes very marked and in some specimens almost erased. Pubescent patches on the elytral triangle are very variable in shape and number. Also, the seven elytral pubescent striae are very variable in design, sometimes they are cut or fused and give the appearance of only 5 or 6 striae ( Fig. 2a View FIGURE 2 ). In general, so variable is the elytral pattern that each elytron has its own pattern (see Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ).

Geographical distribution and habitat. Chile, Coquimbo Region, Limarí Province. So far the species has only been collected on the south bank of the Seca ravine (i.e. Quebrada Seca in Spanish) until the locality of Alcones. This area is located in the Coquimban Biogeographical Province (CBP; Morrone 2015). G. crispaticollis inhabits sites with shrubby vegetation on a flat surface and moderately stony clay soil ( Fig. 1b View FIGURE 1 ). These environments are characteristic of the Andean-coastal zone south of the CBP. In general, adults shelter under plants and shrubs during the hottest hours of the day, being most active in the morning and midday, when they reproduce and feed ( Fig. 1b View FIGURE 1 ).

Diagnosis. G. crispaticollis has a completely convex pronotum, with deep wrinkles reaching lateral margins. Elytral triangle short, wrinkled and semi-glabrous, with small irregular pubescent patches. Seven thin, long, pubescent striae on each elytron. Striae 5, 6 and 7 extend throughout the apical third. Strong rows of granulations run along the midline of each striation. Spaces between striae wide ( Fig. 2 a, d, g View FIGURE 2 ). Base of the lateral styles 3x wider than apex ( Fig. 3a, e, i View FIGURE 3 ). Lateral styles barely curved ( Fig. 3b View FIGURE 3 ). Apex with abundant long setae. Basal lamina of tegmen 1.7x longer than lateral styles ( Fig. 3a View FIGURE 3 ).

Morphological comparison. Comparison of the diagnostic characters of the studied species (see Table 1 View TABLE 1 ) shows that G. crispaticollis shares traits 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 16 and 17 with G. multigranulosus and only 5, 8 and 10 with G. luczotii (see Figs 2 View FIGURE 2 and 3 View FIGURE 3 ). Whereas G. luczotii and G. multigranulosus share traits 3, 11, 13, 15 (see Figs 2 View FIGURE 2 and 3 View FIGURE 3 ).

Lectotype designation. Two specimens of G. crispaticollis were included in the type series from “ Chili ”. By studying the male syntype, specimen code EC 8675, we conclude that this specimen coincides with the original description, since its external morphological features include an oval, convex, black body; pronotum with irregular, thin and conspicuously impressed wrinkles extending to the lateral margins; elytra with finely granulated striae and raised suture. Also because the description was made based on a male specimen. Therefore, this specimen is designated as a the lectotype and preserves the nomenclatural stability of the taxon studied, following the indications of article 72 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ( Ride et al. 1999). Through this action, there can be no doubt about the identity of this species, whose taxonomic status is revalidated in this publication.

Genetic differentiation. Fragments of 1522 bp COI were obtained. The genetic distance of COI between G. crispaticollis and G. luczotii was 4.5 % (SE = 0.005) and between G. crispaticollis and G. multigranulosus 4.8 % (SE = 0.005). While the genetic distance between G. multigranulosus and G. luczotii was 4.1% (SE = 0.005).