Gymnognathus barclayi, Perger & Guerra, 2016

Perger, Robert & Guerra, Fernando, 2016, The description of a new calyptrate fly mimicking species of the fungus weevil genus Gymnognathus Schönherr 1826 from the southern Bolivian Andes (Coleoptera: Anthribidae: Anthribinae), Zootaxa 4084 (2), pp. 277-284 : 279-283

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4084.2.7
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:11CF0BF1-D69E-4B09-8C32-6D41E5AE8039
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6081283
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B00313E-FFE4-FFAD-FF72-FD13FBF2659E
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Gymnognathus barclayi
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Gymnognathus barclayi View in CoL sp. nov.

( FigS. 2 View FIGURE 2 ; 3A; 4A, B)

Type material. Holotype male labeled: “ Bolivia / Tarija department / Arce province / S22°13' 20 W64°36' 03 / mountain Slope / 1042 m a.S.l. / Tucuman-Bolivian humid foreSt / midStorey vegetation / beating Sheet / 25-I-2013 / R. Perger and F. Guerra leg.” ( CBF).

Diagnosis. Pronotum dorSally without impreSSionS, with Seven longitudinal vittae of white ScaleS, three long median ( FigS. 2A View FIGURE 2 ; 3A) and two Short dorSolaterally at each Side, anterior (V2) Shorter than poSterior (V3, Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Pronotum about 1.2 timeS aS wide aS long. Third Segment of tarSuS ventrally with yellow pubeScence. Lateral patch of yellow ScaleS on ventrite 2–4 Subequal ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ), edgeS of pygidium obtuSe, without SpineS ( Fig. 4A, B View FIGURE 4 ), ScaleS on pygidium completely dark red ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ).

Holotype male description ( FigS. 2 View FIGURE 2 ; 3A; 4A, B). Body length 8 mm, elongate oval, Slightly depreSSed. Derm dark grey/black with dark red vertex and Stripe in anterior half of elytra, and Several patcheS and vittae with white or yellow ScaleS.

Vertex dark red, glabrouS, with Short, irregular, longitudinal ridgeS. Interocular width 0.86 timeS aS wide aS ocular width. DiStinct longitudinal furrow extended from vertex over roStrum to apex of epiStoma with longitudinal band of yellow ScaleS on each Side, Separating vertex from eyeS, broadened in baSal portion of roStrum, SparSer and narrowed laterally in anterior portion. RoStrum elongate, concave laterally, dorSolateral portion glabrouS, black, Shiny, with Short, irregular longitudinal ridgeS. EpiStoma Subrectangular, with coarSe punctureS, apical and lateral borderS teStaceouS, apico-medially emarginate. PoSterior portion of gena glabrouS, with Small punctureS, dark red, anterior portion with band of yellow ScaleS. Gula glabrouS, with Short tranSverSe ridgeS, dark red.

Antennae ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ) reaching elytral humeruS. Pedicel Slightly longer than Scape but Shorter than remaining SegmentS. Funicle SegmentS Symmetrical, differing in length, firSt being the longeSt, SegmentS glabrouS, Shiny, black with teStaceouS, dilated apiceS. Club with three teStaceouS, pubeScent SegmentS of Same width, firSt twice aS long aS broad, narrow baSally and broadening apically; Second aS long aS broad, third 1.5 timeS aS long aS wide.

MouthpartS: Labrum one third aS wide aS epiStoma, rounded anteriorly, baSe expoSed by emarginate epiSotoma, mandibleS longer than 3/4 of width of epiSotoma, interSecting in reSting poSition.

Prothorax ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ) about 1.2 timeS aS wide aS long; derm minutely coriaceouS, without tubercleS or longitudinal impreSSionS, dorSally with antebaSal tranSverSe and lateral carina terminated by pleural Suture in middle of pronotum. Between tranSverSe carina and poSterior pronotal border, indiStinct tranSverSal carina ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ). All carinae furniShed with Small granuleS. Maximal width of tranSverSe carina wideSt width of pronotum, pronotum narrowing in anterior and poSterior direction, anterior border narrower than poSterior border, emarginated median. Pronotum dorSally poSSeSSeS Seven longitudinal vittae of denSe white ScaleS; median vitta ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ) extending from anterior to poSterior border of pronotum; at each Side, one vitta (V1) that reacheS to tranSverSe antebaSal carina but not to anterior pronotal border (diStance to latter about aS wide aS width of vitta), dorSolaterally, there are two Short vittae—the anterior vitta (V2) that reacheS to the anterior pronotal border and the poSterior vitta (V3, Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ) that paSSeS beyond tranSverSe carina and reacheS the poSterior pronotal border. Space between white vittae in anterior half of pronotum are glabrouS, and in poSterior half, furniShed with dark gray to black ScaleS. Pronotum lateral with vitta of white ScaleS, Separated by lateral carina. ProSternum with white pubeScence, pleural Suture running forward obliquely from outer edge of coxal cavity to lateral carina of pronotum.

Scutellum Small, tranSverSe ovate, denSely covered with white ScaleS, anterior lateral margin partially encloSed by elytra. Elytra ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ) without tubercleS, not completely covering pygidium. Derm of anterolateral half of elytra with dark red band, from below humeruS to middle of elytra, initially running exteriorly of the SupracoStal flange, bending and then running interiorly of the SupracoStal flange. Elytra dorSally (except baSal third denSely) covered with dark brown ScaleS, between SupracoStal flange and Suture with Six longitudinal Striae containing punctureS, along Striae interrupted lineS of white ScaleS ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ), dark interSectionS between lineS of white ScaleS form a „X“, the two lineS croSSing at Suture.

LegS covered with white pubeScence, front and middle coxae globular, hind coxae tranSverSe. Trochanter teStaceouS. Femora and tibiae lack SpurS and SpineS; femora fuSiform, Stout. TarSi 5-Segmented, Second Segment emarginated at the apex, edgeS terminating into SpineS; third bilobed ventrally with denSe yellow pubeScence; fourth very Small; fifth bearS pair of apical clawS with tooth on inner edge, SparSely pubeScent.

MeSo- and metaSternum covered with white pubeScence, metepiSternum laterally with two rounded patcheS of yellow ScaleS ( Fig. 2C View FIGURE 2 ); Abdominal ventrite 1–4 median with Shiny, glabrouS area that iS about aS wide aS diStance between edgeS of ventrite 5, two Subrectangular areaS of white pubeScence at each Side, and laterally with rounded patch of yellow ScaleS, patcheS on ventrite 2–4 of about Same Size ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Ventrite 5 ventrally completely covered with white/yellowiSh pubeScence, ventrolaterally a Stripe of brown ScaleS and lateral border with yellowiSh ScaleS, terminating into two diStinct SpineS ( Fig. 4A, B View FIGURE 4 ). Pygidium completely covered with dark red ScaleS, edgeS obtuSe, without SpineS ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ).

Derivation of specific epithet. The new SpecieS honorS the authorS’ colleague, Maxwell V.L. Barclay, who iS Curator and CollectionS Manager of Coleoptera and Hemiptera at the Natural HiStory MuSeum in London, and one of Britain’S leading entomologiStS. Max Barclay Supported thiS Study by providing very valuable material for Study, including the holotype of GymnOgnathus BOhlsi.

Geographic distribution. The new SpecieS iS currently known only from the locality where the holotype waS collected ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 ) and iS poSSibly endemic to the Tucuman-Bolivian foreSt.

Relationships. GymnOgnathus BarClayi sp. nov. iS moSt cloSely related to GymnOgnathus BOhlsi Jordan 1895, which iS recorded from Paraguay ( Rheinheimer 2004). With the latter SpecieS, G. BarClayi sp. nov. ShareS the Similar Shape and color of the longitudinal bandS of ScaleS on the dorSal head; an elongate, laterally concave roStrum with a longitudinal median carina; pronotum without impreSSionS and with long longitudinal vittae of white ScaleS ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ); the elytra anterolaterally with red band and dorSally Six Striae with punctureS and interrupted lineS of white pubeScence, the ventrite 5 terminating in two prominent SpineS ( Fig. 4B, D View FIGURE 4 ). However, G. BarClayi sp. nov. differS from G. BOhlsi aS Shown in Table 1 and FigureS 3 View FIGURE 3 and 4 View FIGURE 4 .

Remarks. Several color patternS of GymnOgnathus BarClayi sp. nov. are alSo found in many fly SpecieS of the Tachinidae , MuScidae and Sarcophagidae ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 ).

However, the diStribution of the StripeS on the dorSal pronotum of G. BarClayi sp. nov. are moStly reSemblant of the StripeS on the thorax of tachinid or muScid flieS ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 ). SpecieS of theSe groupS with dark StripeS on the thorax have four (the middle Stripe of the thorax iS greyiSh) in contraSt to memberS of the cloSely related family Sarcophagidae that uSually have three dark StripeS (one of them on the middle of the thorax) ( O’Hara, 2008).

Additionally, the red dorSolateral bandS on the baSal elytral half in G. BarClayi sp. nov. are Similar to the red orange patcheS that can be obServed on the abdomen of many MuScidae and Tachinidae .