Coccus

Gullan, Penny J., Kondo, Takumasa, Fiala, Brigitte & Quek, Swee-Peck, 2018, Taxonomy of coccids (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Coccus L.) associated with Crematogaster ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the stems of Macaranga plants (Euphorbiaceae) in Southeast Asia, Zootaxa 4521 (1), pp. 1-51 : 12

Key to adult females of Coccus species associated with Macaranga

(Note: this key may be difficult to use unless the specimens are cleared thoroughly of body contents and their cuticle is well stained)

1. Dorsal setae (excluding marginal row) appearing absent but present and very short, most setae less than 2 times as long as width of setal socket, rarely setae near body margin up to 3 times as long as setal socket width, never as long as ventral setae. .................................................................................................... 2

- Dorsal setae clearly evident, most setae more than 3 times as long as setal socket width, as long or longer than most ventral setae, but may be shorter than long interantennal and pregenital setae............................................ 5

2. Marginal setae mostly fimbriate at apices. Anal plates with dorsal setae usually confined to posterior half of each plate........................................................................................ caviramicolus Morrison

- Marginal setae mostly tapering to a point, apices rarely bifurcate or fimbriate (except on some individuals of C. tumuliferus ). Anal plates with dorsal setae usually present on posterior two-thirds of each plate................................... 3

3. Legs reduced, each smaller than mouthparts, hind trochanter + femur <80 µm long. Dorsum not covered with oval or circular dermal elevations. Anal plate setae robust, often almost cylindrical, and mostly 20–30 µm long. Antennae 6, rarely 5, segmented................................................................................ secretus Morrison

- Legs well developed, each much larger than mouthparts, hind trochanter + femur> 130 µm long. Dorsum covered with oval or circular dermal elevations ( Fig. 11 ), sometimes difficult to see on slide-mounted specimens. Anal plate setae tapered, even if robust, and 8–23 µm long. Antennae 7, rarely 6, segmented.................................................... 4

4. Dorsal submarginal raised areas (humps) very rounded, almost always numbering 8 on each side of body plus 1 medially on head. Stigmatic clefts often each with just 1 long robust seta (≤ 25 µm long, frequently damaged or missing), sometimes 2 lateral setae (each 3–8 µm long), rarely 3 subequal very short setae (≤ 5 µm long). Apical antennal segment with a short (2–8 µm) or often no apical prolongation.......................................................... tumuliferus Morrison

- Dorsal submarginal raised areas oval or elongate, usually numbering 11, rarely 12, on each side of body plus 1 medially on head. Stigmatic clefts each usually with 3 setae of subequal length (mostly 7–18 µm long, often damaged or missing). Apical antennal segment with an apical prolongation almost always ≥ 10 µm long on at least 1 antenna............................................................................................ pseudotumuliferus Gullan & Kondo sp. n.

5. Dorsal setae knobbed, or with rounded apices, not tapering to a point. Marginal setae sharply spinose, apices never bifurcate or fimbriate. Hind trochanter + femur <100 µm long....................................... macarangicolus Takahashi

- Dorsal setae with apices not knobbed or rounded, each tapering to a point. Marginal setae spinose, with apices either tapering to a point, bifurcate or fimbriate. Hind trochanter + femur> 100 µm long.......................................... 6

6. Marginal setae in 2 rows, numerous, with 41–45 between stigmatic areas on each side of thorax, each seta sharply spinose with slightly bent tip. Dorsal setae long and flagellate, each 35–90 µm long................. lambirensis Gullan & Kondo sp. n.

- Marginal setae in 1 row, not numerous, with <32 setae between stigmatic areas on each side of thorax, at least a few and often most setae with apices fimbriate or bifurcate. Dorsal setae sharply spinose to flagellate but ≤ 40 µm long, usually much shorter .................................................................................................... 7

7. Anal plates each with 11–23 dorsal setae................................................................... 8

- Anal plates each with 3–11 (very rarely>9 and mostly <7) setae................................................ 9

8. Marginal setae mostly sharply spinose, occasionally with slight ‘twigging’ at apices. Lateral stigmatic setae each usually> 15 µm long................................................................... heckrothi Gullan & Kondo sp. n.

- Marginal setae with apices mostly bifurcate or fimbriate, rarely sharply spinose. Lateral stigmatic setae each usually <15 µm long............................................................................... penangensis Morrison

9. Dorsal setae rather abundant, sharply spinose, mostly with straight or bent apices, occasionally a few setae with apices bifurcate or fimbriate, each seta 15–40 µm long. Preopercular pores 5–11 µm wide, each generally larger than a pregenital disc-pore................................................................................... macarangae Morrison

- Dorsal setae rather sparse, slender, with a flagellate apex, each 15–30 µm long. Preopercular pores usually ≤ 6 µm wide, each about same size as a pregenital disc-pore.................................................... circularis Morrison

Figures

FIGURE 11. Photographs of the dorsum of adult females preserved in ethanol: A–C, C. pseudotumuliferus Gullan & Kondo sp. n., showing variation in the numbers and shapes of dorsal elevations or humps; D, C. tumuliferus Morrison.