Conchopus ciliatus, Masunaga, Kazuhiro & Saigusa, Toyohei, 2010

Masunaga, Kazuhiro & Saigusa, Toyohei, 2010, A revision of the Hawaiian and Wake Island species of the genus Conchopus Takagi (Diptera, Dolichopodidae), Zootaxa 2729, pp. 1-35 : 8-13

Conchopus ciliatus sp. nov.

( Figs. 4 , 5 , 6 , 18 b, 19a)

Diagnosis. Small-sized species (2.7–3.3 mm in body length) characterized by 1st flagellomere twice as long as its basal thickness; halter yellow. In male, M1+2 not thickened, apical section of M3+4 2.4 times as long as discal crossvein; fore tarsomere 1with large basal lobe 2/5 as long as tarsomere 1, weak ventral bristle beyond midlength, and moderately large apical swelling; longer dorsal bristle of fore tarsomere 2 slightly before middle; mid tibia flattened, and with long erect bristles and setae on anterior and posterior surfaces; mid tarsomere 1 short setose; ventral lobe of hypopygium narrow on apical 1/2 and shorter than cercus.

Description. Male: Body length 3.0– 3.1 mm; wing length 2.9–3.4 mm. Head: l.7–l.9 times as deep as long; frons and vertex dark brown pollinose, frons becoming grayish ventrally; occiput dark brown to blackish brown pollinose on upper half, dark gray to grayish pollinose on ventral half, with greenish coloration of occipital integument slightly apparent; face and palpus ash-gray to silvery-gray pollinose; face at narrowest part 0.17–0.18 times as wide as head, only slightly widening dorsally, widest ventral part 1.7–2.0 times as wide as narrowest part. Proboscis 0.5 times as long as eye height. Labrum brown on base, becoming grayish towards tip. Antenna blackish brown, 0.6 times as long as head; 1st flagellomere elongate, 1.3–1.5 times as long as 2 basal segments together, 2.1 times as long as thick, with dorsal margin gently constricted apically, ventral margin constricted beyond basal 2/3. Arista 1.5 times as long as 3 antennal segments combined. Thorax: Mesonotum with dense pollen; humerus ashgray to white; inverted Y-shaped mark deep brownish black to black, with borders rather sharply defined; white area fairly densely pollinose, but sometimes with slight bluish tinge in area surrounding 2nd dc, upper presutural bristle, and sutural bristle; 1st dc usually on white area, sometimes on weak dark incision from stem of Y-shaped mark, 2nd dc on border; presutural dark prolongation narrow, brown, and very obscure, not reaching to base of lower presutural bristle, more or less narrowing anteriorly, much constricted between 4th and 5th dc, then produced into acrostichal projection, this sometimes reaching to level of 3rd dc; 5th and 6th dc on border, 4th dc on blackish area; dark incision of prescutellar white area elongate-triangular, sometimes constricted near its base, then generally tapering forward and continuing to white acrostichal projection; width of dark incision at level of 6th dc equal to that of lateral white area; postalar callus brown pollinose; scutellum thinly ash-gray pollinose, showing greenish tinge of integument, but pollinosity the most whitish of any the Hawaiian species. Pleura covered with fairly dense coating of ash-gray pollen. Chaetotaxy: acrostichals 13–22, irregularly biserial in front of 1st dc, uniserial behind it, and ending between 3rd and 5th dc (usually just in front of 4th dc), l–4 posterior acrostichals usually proclinate, others reclinate. Propleurals 3–5 (mostly 4); mesopleurals 5–9, arranged in vertical row (rarely arranged partially in zigzag line) close to upper portion of posterior margin of anepisternum with l–2 uppermost setulae usually stronger than others, and lowermost setulae situated below (rarely, at) ventral extremity of basalare; metapleurals l–2. Scutellum with pair of strong inner marginal bristles and pair of weak outer marginal bristles. Legs: Coxae and femora covered with fairly dense coating of ash gray pollen, femora showing slight greenish tinge when seen from some directions. Tibiae and tarsi blackish brown, with thin coating of gray pollen. Foreleg ( Figs. 4 a,b): Coxa on anterior surface enclosed with short setulae irregularly arranged in 2–3 rows on inner half, outer anterior row reduced to 1–2 strong subbasal setae and 0–2 setae on apical half, and row of rather weak marginal bristles. Femur 4.3–4.6 times as long as thick, fairly densely clothed beneath with setae (0.5 times as long as thickness of fore femur), and with row of posteroventral bristles, these being long even on apical half of femur; posteroventral preapical tubercle situated at 0.2–0.3 of way to tip of femur. Tibia slightly curved dorsally towards tip, preapical part weakly swollen, l.8 times as thick as narrowest part; Tibia with a few antero- and posterodorsal bristles somewhat different from ordinary setae, upper anterodorsal setae being distinctly lengthened and thick on apical and anteroventral setae being differentiated into erect long bristles (longest l.5–1.7 times as long as thickness of fore tibia) on apical half, but posteroventral setae being short and weaker than anteroventrals. Tarsus short, 0.8–0.9 times as long as tibia. Tarsomere 1 short, with dorsal margin weakly bent ventrally at middle; basal lobe well developed, nearly straight on basal margin, gently rounded from ventral margin to posterior margin, 0.7–0.8 times as thick as long, 0.4 times as long as tarsomere 1, with 8–10 submarginal and 4–5 marginal setulae, these setulae short, and with only a few scattered minute setulae on posterior surface; very weak ventral tubercle between apical swelling and basal lobe, bearing l–2 setulae; a few strong setulae appearing between apical swelling and ventral tuber (thickness of tarsomere 1 at apical swelling, 0.6 times as thick as at basal lobe); anterior preapical cluster of setulae close to tip of tarsomere 1, but center of mass situated slightly basally of posterior preapical bristle. Second tarsomere with strong anterodorsal bristle 0.5–0.6 times as long as tarsomere 2 and situated 0.4–0.5 of way from base of this tarsomere, and usually with additional bristle 0.2–0.3 times as long as tarsomere 1 and situated 0.6 from base; 2–3 dorsal setae of tarsomere 2 longer than other setae. Tarsomeres 3–5 simple and slender. Midleg ( Figs. 4 c, 19a): Coxa with strong discal bristle on outside, from which row of several weaker setae extends to anterodistal corner of coxa, this corner being densely clothed with strong bristles. Femur depressed dorsoventrally, almost straight in dorsal view, distinctly curved ventrally and tapering beyond midlength in profile; basal portion l.5 times as thick as apical portion; ventral surface flattened and broad; anterosubventral row of setae irregularly doubled on basal half; anteroventral row of setae much reduced, represented by 3–4 weak erect bristles (most apical one strongest, nearly 0.5 times as long as thickness of middle femur) on basal l/3, and 0–3 weak setae on preapical part; posteroventral row of setae well developed, differentiated into row of 8–12 (usually 9) strong, erect bristles, these being rather evenly distributed and short on basal part, longest on middle third (longest bristles nearly as long as thickness of middle femur), and gradually shortening apically, ending in l–2 inclined preapical bristles; femur also with 4–6 strong anterior bristles on apical l/3–2/5, and subventral bristle on each side. Tibia straight, compressed dorsoventrally, l.4–1.5 times as thick as width at middle, but almost cylindrical preapically. Chaetotaxy of tibia: Upper anterodorsal row of normally short setae; anterodorsal row of 4–7 strong suberect bristles (longest one l.8–2.5 times as long as width of tibia); lower anterodorsal row of normally short setae; anterior row consisting of short setae and 5–9 (usually 6–7) long, fine hairs (longest one 2.5–3.0 times as long as width of middle tibia) on apical 3/5–4/5; anteroventral row of short setae and 10–14 (usually 10) long, fine hairs (longest one 2.8–3.4 times as long as width of middle tibia) all of these either erect or weakly directed basally; posteroventral row of short setae and 8–10 long fine setae (longest one 2.6–3.0 times as long as width of middle tibia) on apical 1/2; apically suberect posterior row consisting basally of setae but with 4–6 strong, spine-like, suberect bristles (longest one 2.5–3.0 times as long as width of middle tibia); upper and lower posterodorsal rows of short setae; posterodorsal row of 3 short bristles (1.0–1.5 times as long as width of middle tibia), of which basal one at 1/5 from base, middle one at 1/2 from base, apical one at 4/5 from base, apical one sometimes absent, additional one rarely present 1/7 of way from tip; tibia also with preapical circlet of a few setae and strong bristles (an upper anterodorsal seta 2.0 times as long as width of middle tibia, posterior or posteroventral seta 2.1–2.2 times as long as width of middle tibia, lower posterodorsal seta 1.4–l.5 times as long as width of middle tibia, upper posterodorsal seta 1.2– 1.3 times as long as width of middle tibia). Tarsus slender, tarsomere 1 with l–3 anteroventral short bristles (as long as thickness of tarsomere 2), preapical circlet of stiff setae, and very rarely 2 ventral and 1 posteroventral short bristles. Hindleg: Coxa with fine, long anterodistal seta and row of 3 outer bristles, of which basal one strongest. Femur almost straight along ventral margin, slightly curved posteriorly, thick for basal l/3, then gradually tapering apically (at basal 1/3 femur l.6–1.8 times as thick as at preapical portion), antero- and posteroventral rows of setae somewhat reduced, former consisting of about 10 setae (longest one 1/3 as long as thickness of hind femur) and latter of about 15 setae (longest one 2/5 as long as thickness of hind femur), these becoming shorter and sparser towards tip; row of several strong anterodorsal bristles on apical 1/3–2/5. Tibia slender and straight, with weak posteroventral preapical process, this being slightly longer than thickness of hind tibia and tip only slightly exceeding tip of tibia; 2 each (rarely 3) antero- and posterodorsal short bristles (basal ones at 1/4 of way from base, apical one slightly beyond middle); anteroventral setae inclined, slightly shorter than thickness of hind tibia, posteroventral setae curved and closely pressed against leg integument, and mixed with 4–5 short inclined bristles (as long as antero- and posterodorsal bristles); among preapical setae, anteroventral and lower anterodorsal bristles strong, the former being weakly curved. Tarsus slender and simple. Wing ( Fig. 18 b): Entirely pale gray, with brownish tinge on basal l/3 of space C and basal cell l. Veins blackish brown, somewhat elongate, 3.0–3.1 times as long as wide, with costa weakly arched; basal parts of R2+3 and R4+5 slender, as thick as middle of Sc; R2+3 gently diverging from R4+5 towards level of discal crossvein, then almost parallel with R4+5 beyond it, evenly slender and not overlapped by wing membrane as in female; discal crossvein almost perpendicular to posterior margin of discal cell; ratio of M1 to apical section of M1+2 (from r-m crossvein to discal crossvein) 1.3–1.4; ratio of basal section of M3+4 (from fork of M3+4 and Cu to discal crossvein) to apical section of M3+4 1.9–2.7. Halter yellow. Bristles and hairs all black. Abdomen ( Figs. 5 a-c): Abdominal terga covered with fairly dense coating of ash-gray pollen, showing slight greenish tinge when seen from some directions. Terga evenly clothed with short setae; hind marginal setae of anterior terga lengthened. First sternum widely and strongly emarginate anteriorly, fused with sternum 2 for middle 1/2 of hind margin; sternum 4 with pair of spine-like discal subventral bristles and with stiff long seta at each posterolateral corner. Sternum 5 with pair of subventral clusters of 1–2 spine-like bristles; subventral row of setae irregularly biserial and continued to 3–4 strong, almost straight hind marginal bristles. Sternum 6 as wide as long, narrowly expanding anterolaterally, with moderately large discal membranous area, and with pair of apodemal processes, these being long, somewhat slender to broad, and diverging from each other. Pedunculate process of sternum 6 long; its membranous club also long, 0.5 times as long as process itself, and in profile its anterior margin convex in basal half, posterior margin almost straight, distal margin oblique, weakly produced posterodistally; spinules of anterolateral surfaces prominent, those of anterior surface prominent and more or less roughly napped posterior surface densely but minutely spinulate. Hypopygium ( Figs. 6 a-e): Cercus 1.3 times as long as height of epandrium capsule, slender and elongate, broadly and rather shallowly emarginate on inner margin, apical portion rather narrow, short, weakly produced outward into bluntly rounded tip. Ventral lobe shorter than 2/3 length of cercus, flattened rather laterally, narrow at base, much dilated apically, weakly produced anterodistally, well produced posterodistally into triangular process; distal margin ciliated with strong setulae, apical half of inner surface clothed with fine setulae. Hypandrium slightly longer than 2/3 length of cercus, with its anterior margin straight; anterior process long and curved posteriorly at apical 2/3, ending bluntly; posterior processes short, 0.5 times as long as anterior ones, in profile parallel-sided to preapical part, then strongly constricted to anterodorsal sharp point; posterior process without lamella dentation, but with weak lateral keel. Female: Similar to male, but face at narrowest part 0.25 times as long as head. Proboscis 0.65 times as long as eye height. Relative lengths of tarsomeres 1–5 39:23:13:9: 14 in foreleg; 57:30:16:10: 17 in midleg; 48:39:20:11: 18 in hindleg. Wing: apical section of M3+4 2.4 times as long as discal crossvein. Body length 2.7-3.3 mm; wing length 2.9-3.4 mm.

Type material. HOLOTYPE ɗ labeled: Black sands beach, Hawai‘i, 15.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. ( BPBM). PARATYPES ( BPBM, LBM, BLKU): Hawai ‘i: 4ɗ41Ψ, Hilo, 23.iii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 11ɗ63Ψ, Kalapana Pk., 24.iii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 1ɗ25Ψ, Kalapana Pk., 8.iv.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 107ɗ30Ψ, Leleiwi, 13.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 193ɗ120Ψ, Black sands beach, 15.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. Maui: 4ɗ7Ψ, Lahaina, 24.ix.1966, T. Saigusa leg. O‘ahu: 6ɗ6Ψ, Waianae, 29.v.1966, T. Saigusa leg.; 1Ψ, Wawamalu., Beach near, Koko Crater, 17.ii.1922, C. Grant leg.; 2Ψ, Makapu‘u Pt. 29.ix.1966, W.J. Voss leg.; 63ɗ76Ψ, Hanauma Bay, 20.xi.1966, T. Saigusa leg.; 3Ψ, Hanauma Bay, 23.x.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 8ɗ5Ψ, Sandy beach park, 19.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 38ɗ20Ψ, Ulehawa beach park, 20.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. Lisianski: 16ɗ17Ψ, 18.ix.1964. J.W. Beardsley leg.; 6ɗ3Ψ, 19.v.1923, N.E. corner, ulva, C. Grant leg.; 1Ψ, 17.v.1923, N.E. corner, beach, C. Grant leg.; 1Ψ, 18.v.1923, ulva on beach, C. Grant leg.

Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (Hawai‘i, Maui, O‘ahu, Lisianski).

Etymology. The specific name is an adjective derived from the Latin cilium (eyelash), referring to the presence of many setae on the male mid tibia.

Remarks. This new species is most closely related to Conchopus acrosticalis in having simple M1+2 and M 1 in both sexes, but the male of the latter has the following combination of characters different from those of the new species: sparse pollinosity of mesonotum; basal lobe of fore tarsomere 1 smaller and with 3–4 rather long marginal setulae; male ventral lobe as long as cercus, distinctly exceeding tip of cercus.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Conchopus ciliatus sp. nov., legs of male: (a) left fore leg in posterior view; (b) distal part of tibia, tarsal segments 1 – 2 of right foreleg in anterior view; c, left middle femur in anterior view.

FIGURE 5. Conchopus ciliatus sp. nov., male abdominal sterna: (a) 1 st (top) to 5 th (bottom); (b) pedunculate process in lateral view; c, sternum 6.

FIGURE 6. Conchopus ciliatus sp. nov., male genitalia: (a) hypopygium; (b) ventral lobe; (c) cercus; (d) hypandrium in lateral view; (e) hypandrium in dorsal view.

FIGURE 18. Male wings of species of Conchopus: (a) Conchopus acrosticalis (Parent); (b) Conchopus ciliatus sp. nov.; (c) Conchopus crassinervis sp. nov.; (d) Conchopus minutus sp. nov.; (e) Conchopus menehune sp. nov.; (f) Conchopus pacificus sp. nov.