Apatura ilia ( Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775 ), Denis and Schiffermuller, 1775

Lee, Young June, 2009, Apaturinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Korean Peninsula: Synonymic Lists and Keys to Tribes, Genera and Species, Zootaxa 2169, pp. 1-20 : 4

Apatura ilia ( Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775)

( Fig. 8 )

Papilio ? ilia Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775: 172 [Type locality: “Umgebung von Wien”, Austria].

Apatura ilia: Leech, 1893: 161 (first record from Korea); Sugitani, 1932a: 15; Kim and Mi, 1956: 395; Lee, 1971: 12; Lee, 1973: 6; Seok, 1973: 76; Lee, 1978: 39; Lee, 1982: 72; Masui and Inomata, 1990: 6; Lee, 1992: 2; Chou, 1994: 427; Korshunov and Gorbunov, 1995: 73; Tuzov et al., 2000: 14; Lee, 2005: 27.

Papilio clytie Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775: 321 [Type locality: “Umgebung von Wien”, Austria].

Apatura here Felder and Felder, 1862: 27 [Type locality: “ Japonia ”; “Ning-po”; “Shanghae”].

Apatura ilia ab. asta Schultz, 1904: 133 [Type locality: “Neuhof”]; Sugitani, 1932a: 16; Mori et al., 1934: 34 ( ilia subsp.).

Apatura ilia ab. magnifica Schultz, 1904: 134 [Type locality: “Bei Reumen”]; Kishida and Nakamura, 1936: 515 ( ilia subsp.).

Apatura ilia var. clytie: Matsumura, 1907: 79 ; Sugitani, 1932a: 16 ( ilia ab.); Nakayama, 1932: 379 ( ilia subsp.); Mori et al., 1934: 34 ( ilia subsp.); Kishida and Nakamura, 1936: 514 ( ilia subsp.); Seok, 1938: 243 ( ilia clytie ab. kangkeensis); Seok, 1939a: 178 ( ilia subsp.); Seok, 1939b: 53 ( ilia subsp.); Seok and Umitatsu, 1942: 186 ( ilia f.); Kim and Mi, 1956: 395 ( ilia f.); Seok, 1973: 78 ( ilia f.); Okano, 1998: 6 ( ilia subsp.).

Apatura ilia here : Doi, 1928: 50; Nakayama, 1932: 379; Mori et al., 1934: 34; Kishida and Nakamura, 1936: 515; Seok, 1939b: 55; Seok and Umitatsu, 1942: 186 ( ilia f.); Kim and Mi, 1956: 395 ( ilia f.); Seok, 1973: 82 ( ilia f.).

Apatura ilia praeclara Bollow, 1930: 194 [Type locality: Ussuri region]; Inomata, 1982: xvii; Masui and Inomata, 1990: 6.

Apatura ilia ilia: Mori et al., 1934: 34 ; Seok, 1936: 62; Seok, 1939a: 178; Seok, 1939b: 55; Seok and Umitatsu, 1942: 186 ( ilia f.); Kim and Mi, 1956: 396 ( ilia f.); Seok, 1973: 84 ( ilia f.).

Apatura ilia ussuriensis Kurentzov, 1937: 116 [Type locality: Sikhote-Alin range, Ussuri region].

Apatura metis: Chou, 1994: 429 (nec Freyer, 1829).

Subspecies. The Korean populations are considered to belong to the nominal subspecies (cf. Lee 1982, 1992) although several other subspecific names have been suggested: subsp. here (cf. Doi 1928; Mori et al. 1934; Seok 1939b), subsp. clytie (cf. Nakayama 1932; Mori et al. 1934; Seok 1939a; Okano 1998), subsp. ussuriensis (cf. Kurentzov 1937), etc. No morphological differences are recognizable between the Korean populations and the nominal subspecies.

Adult. Active from late June to mid August (one brood). Males often sit on trees or on the ground near streams and are attracted to decomposing organisms or fermenting fluxes from trees such as oak. Females are less active than males and rarely seen, but they are sometimes attracted to sap and other fermenting juices. Neither sex visits flowers.

Larval host plants. Not documented in Korea. In Europe and Russia, Populus tremula Auct. , Populus nigra L., Populus alba L., Populus maximowiczii A.Henry , Salix spp., etc. of the family Salicaceae (cf. Higgins and Riley 1983; Tuzov et al. 2000).

Life cycle. The 2nd, 3rd or 4th instar larvae hibernate in furrows of trunks or diverging points of two branches of the food plants. See Harada and Igarashi (1993).

Distribution. Northern and central Korea (high altitude areas), China, Russia and other parts of the northern Palaearctic region (but not Japan).

Figures

FIGURES 3 – 10. Male specimens of eight species of the Korean Apaturinae. 3. Hestina japonica (Felder and Felder) (summer brood); 4. Sasakia charonda (Hewitson); 5. Mimathyma nycteis (Ménétriès); 6. Sephisa princeps (Fixsen); 7. Chitoria ulupi (Doherty); 8. Apatura ilia (Denis and Schiffermüller); 9. Apatura metis Freyer; 10. Apatura iris (Linnaeus).