Amphiuridae Ljungman, 1867

Goharimanesh, Mona, Stöhr, Sabine, Mirshamsi, Omid, Ghassemzadeh, Fereshteh & Adriaens, Dominique, 2021, Interactive identification key to all brittle star families (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) leads to revised morphological descriptions, European Journal of Taxonomy 766 (1), pp. 1-63 : 44-45

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2021.766.1483

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19110F18-6E35-4C50-B362-7BC742B0B5D5

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5527115

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B7687F6-4209-6244-D663-FE4EFA9AFDA8

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Amphiuridae Ljungman, 1867
status

 

Family Amphiuridae Ljungman, 1867 View in CoL

Type genus

Amphiura Forbes, 1843 View in CoL .

Other genera

Acrocnida Gislén, 1926 View in CoL ; Amphichondrius Nielsen, 1932 View in CoL ; Amphicontus Hill, 1940 View in CoL ; Amphigyptis Nielsen, 1932 View in CoL ; Amphiodia Verrill, 1899 View in CoL ; Amphiomya H.L. Clark, 1939 View in CoL ; Amphioncus H.L. Clark, 1939 View in CoL ; Amphioplus Verrill, 1899 View in CoL ; Amphipholis Ljungman, 1866 View in CoL ; Amphipholizona H.L. Clark, 1915 View in CoL ; Amphistigma H.L. Clark, 1938 View in CoL ; Dougaloplus A.M. Clark, 1970 View in CoL ; Microphiopholis Turner, 1985 View in CoL ; Nannophiura Mortensen, 1933 View in CoL ; Nudamphiura Tommasi, 1965 View in CoL ; Ophiocentrus Ljungman, 1867 View in CoL ; Ophiocnida Lyman, 1865 View in CoL ; Ophiodaphne Koehler, 1930 View in CoL ; Ophionephthys Lütken, 1869 View in CoL ; Ophiophragmus Lyman, 1865 View in CoL ; Ophiosphaera Brock, 1888 View in CoL ; Ophiostigma Lütken, 1856 View in CoL ; Paracrocnida Mortensen, 1940 View in CoL ; Paramphichondrius Guille & Wolff, 1984 View in CoL ; Paramphiura Koehler, 1895 View in CoL ; Triplodia Turner & Hallan, 2011 View in CoL .

Description

ARM. Arm shape unbranched; length 3–4× or more than 4× disc diameter; covering without granules/spines/tubercles. Arm combs absent. Dorsal arm plate present. Accessory dorsal arm plate absent. Ventral arm plate present. Accessory ventral arm plate absent. Girdle of tiny hooks on the arms absent. Spines all similar in shape. Arm spine cross section round. The ratio of thickness of distal ⅓ of arm spine to maximum thickness (in a given cross-sectional plane) 0.6–0.9, or 0.9–1. Arm spines tapering (conical), cylindrical, or pointed; mainly lateral; predominantly parallel to arm axis (adpressed). Longest arm spines between half and one, or between one and two segments long. Tentacle scales present or absent ( Ophiophragmus ); pores only proximally visible along the arm; nearly as long as wide; shorter than the spine nearby; cross section oval. Position of lateral arm plate (LAP) only lateral. Dorsal and/or ventral edge(s) of LAPs without constriction. Ventral position of LAP not projecting ventro-proximalwards. Ventro-distal tip of LAP not projecting ventralwards. Arm spine articulation without dorsal and ventral lobes, or with dorsal and ventral lobes; without sigmoidal fold; arranged over entire distal LAP edge; ventralwards increasing in size. Distance between spine articulations dorsalwards increasing.. Nerve and muscle openings separated by small ridge if at all. Nerve opening approximately as large as muscle opening.

DORSAL DISC. Disc pentagonal to circular; flat (about same level as arms) to high (above arm level). Integument not obscuring plates. Dorsal disc without granules; with obvious primary plates or with concealed primary plates; without scales; without spines or with spines, granules and tubercles in some genera ( O’Hara et al. 2018). Dorsal disc scale/plate without tubercles. Radial shield present; without granules/spines; length between one third and half of the disc radius; scalene (oblique) triangular, or isosceles (mirror-symmetric) triangular to pear-shaped, or bar-like.

VENTRAL DISC. Gonads restricted to the disc. Ventral interradii without granules/spines or with spines. Scales on ventral interradii covering the whole area of interradius or absent. The number of scales on H line of an interradius about 14–21. Ventral teeth single. Infradental papillae on oral plate present. Buccal scales on OP present. Accessory oral papillae on OP absent. Lateral oral papillae on OP absent. Adoral shield spine present. Lyman’s ossicle present. Oral shield covering less than one third of interradius; much wider than long or about as long as wide ( Amphipholis ). Madreporite one; with one pore or with numerous pores. Adoral shield separated or meeting in front of the oral shield. Abradial genital plate not twisted. Number of genital slits one per bursa. Genital slit longer than half the length of an interradius. Genital papillae absent. Dental plate dorsal half widest, entire (single plate). Dental sockets slit-shaped to heart-shaped, equal to or more that 50% of the width of dental plate. At least one socket on DP as perforation with septum. Teeth block-like (with square tip). Teeth on DP arranged as single column.

VERTEBRAE. Vertebrae zygospondylous; beyond segment 5 with short keel; without oral bridge.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Echinodermata

Class

Ophiuroidea

Order

Amphilepidida

Family

Amphiuridae

Loc

Amphiuridae Ljungman, 1867

Goharimanesh, Mona, Stöhr, Sabine, Mirshamsi, Omid, Ghassemzadeh, Fereshteh & Adriaens, Dominique 2021
2021
Loc

Triplodia

Turner & Hallan 2011
2011
Loc

Microphiopholis

Turner 1985
1985
Loc

Paramphichondrius

Guille & Wolff 1984
1984
Loc

Dougaloplus A.M. Clark, 1970

A. M. Clark 1970
1970
Loc

Nudamphiura

Tommasi 1965
1965
Loc

Amphicontus

Hill 1940
1940
Loc

Paracrocnida

Mortensen 1940
1940
Loc

Amphiomya H.L. Clark, 1939

H. L. Clark 1939
1939
Loc

Amphioncus H.L. Clark, 1939

H. L. Clark 1939
1939
Loc

Amphistigma H.L. Clark, 1938

H. L. Clark 1938
1938
Loc

Nannophiura

Mortensen 1933
1933
Loc

Amphichondrius

Nielsen 1932
1932
Loc

Amphigyptis

Nielsen 1932
1932
Loc

Ophiodaphne

Koehler 1930
1930
Loc

Acrocnida Gislén, 1926

Gislen 1926
1926
Loc

Amphipholizona H.L. Clark, 1915

H. L. Clark 1915
1915
Loc

Amphiodia

Verrill 1899
1899
Loc

Amphioplus

Verrill 1899
1899
Loc

Paramphiura

Koehler 1895
1895
Loc

Ophiosphaera

Brock 1888
1888
Loc

Ophionephthys Lütken, 1869

Lutken 1869
1869
Loc

Ophiocentrus

Ljungman 1867
1867
Loc

Amphipholis

Ljungman 1866
1866
Loc

Ophiocnida

Lyman 1865
1865
Loc

Ophiophragmus

Lyman 1865
1865
Loc

Ophiostigma Lütken, 1856

Lutken 1856
1856
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