Polytrichophora setulosa (Cresson)

Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz, 2012, A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae), ZooKeys 231, pp. 1-116 : 40-44

Polytrichophora setulosa (Cresson) Figs 6973

Discocerina setulosa Cresson 1918: 58.

Polytrichophora setulosa . Cresson 1946: 143 [generic combination, review of Neotropical fauna]. Wirth 1968: 9 [Neotropical catalog]. Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 186 [world catalog].

Diagnosis.

This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Small to moderately small shore flies, body length 1.70-2.60 mm.

Head: Frons dull, heavily microtomentose, 2-toned, mostly tan to brown with some faint golden reflections on posterior 2/3, especially medially, anterior 1/3 (from level of fronto-orbital setae anteriad), gray. Antenna mostly yellow to yellowish orange, anterior portion of pedicel and basodorsal area of basal flagellomere with some blackish coloration; arista with 5 dorsal rays. Face at narrowest point about equal to combined length of pedicel and basal flagellomere; face and clypeus densely microtomentose, especially ventrally, less so dorsally, microtomentum with shiny to pearly luster, mostly white but with considerable gold coloration in antennal grooves and extended laterally onto parafacial; parafacial not markedly differing from midfacies in color, more golden dorsally, becoming whiter ventrally; parafacial with moderate ventral dilation, 2-3 times wider ventrally than dorsally; gena moderately short, about equal to height of basal flagellomere; gena-to-eye ratio 0.19-0.21.

Thorax: Mesonotum mostly dull, moderately densely microtomentose, partially subshiny, concolorous with posterior 2/3 of frons; pleural area blackish gray. Stout setae on apical half; anterior margin of wing lacking large, spine-like setae; costal vein ratio 0.60-0.76; M vein ratio 0.48-0.58. Forefemur lacking row of 9-10 short, stout setae along apical half of anteroventral surface; forefemur with posteroventral row of 7-10 short setulae, each equal to width of femur; tibiae mostly yellowish; basal tarsomeres yellow, apical 1-2 brown.

Abdomen: Tergites dorsally 2-toned, laterally lightly gray, becoming distinctly darker and subshiny medially; tergite 5 of male mostly gray medially, with whitish gray areas laterally, broadly pointed posteriorly. Male terminalia (Figs 69-72): Epandrium in posterior view (Fig. 69) mostly oval with relatively elongate, narrow, tapered, pointed ventral extensions, ventral extension in lateral view (Fig. 70) robustly developed, curved and tapered apically to acute point, bearing secondary point at midlength of extension that bears setulae; aedeagus complex, narrow, elongate, with distinct basiphallus and distiphallus, distiphallus with twisted, partially coiled, very elongate bands (Figs 71-72) very shallowly arched, almost straight and parallel sided, apex bluntly rounded; phallapodeme in lateral view (Fig. 72) relatively short, clavate with larger end toward hypandrium, sinuous, in ventral view (Fig. 71) asymmetrical, especially shallow keel at more clavate end; gonite in lateral view (Fig. 72) elongate, shallowly sinuous, slightly larger toward hypandrium, in ventral view (Fig. 71) asymmetrical with gonite on left side larger than right one, left gonite more angulate, right gonite more shallowly and evenly curved; hypandrium in lateral view (Fig. 72) moderately elongate, narrowly elliptical, in ventral view H-shaped but with anterior arms of differing lengths and much shorter posterior arms.

Type material.

The holotype male is labeled "Filadelfia[,] Costa Rica/muddy beach R[io].Tempisque/PPCalvert 18. 1 1910 [18 Jan 1910][date handwritten]/♂/TYPE 6133/690/Holo-TYPE Discocerina SETULOSA E. T. Cresson Jr [magenta; species name handwritten]." The holotype is double mounted (minuten pin in a rectangular card), is in good condition (the abdomen and hind legs have been removed, the abdomen dissected, and the parts are in an attached microvial), and is deposited in the ANSP (6133).

Type locality.

Costa Rica. Guanacaste: Filadelfia ( Río Tempisque; 10°26.7'N, 85°32.9'W).

Other specimens examined.

Neotropical. BELIZE. Stann Creek: Twin Cays (Aanderaa Flats, dock area, east shore of East Island, mud flat near Lair Channel, south end of West Island, West Bay; 16°49.9'N, 88°06.1'W), 17-21 Mar 1988, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM); Mullins River (17 km N Dangriga; 17°06.2'N, 88°17.8'W), 29 Mar 1988, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Placencia Lagoon, Rum Point (16°32.8'N, 88°22.1'W), 4-5 Nov 1987, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♀; USNM).

BOLIVIA. La Paz: Guanay (3 km E; 15°30.2'S, 67°52.3'W; 500 m), 14 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).

BRAZIL. Amazonas. Igarapé Cabeça Branca (ca. 40 km N Manaus; 02°35.1'S, 60°01.9'W; 65 m), 8 May 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Manaus, INPA (03°05.9'S, 59°59.1'W; 60 m), 4 May 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♀; INPA. Paraná. Antonina (25°28'S, 48°41.3'W; 13 m), 3 Feb 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♀; DZUP, USNM); Antonina (25°28.4'S, 48°40.9'W; beach/mangal), 3 Feb 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; DZUP, USNM); Castro (Parque Lacustre; 24°47.4'S, 50°0.3'W; 990 m), 24-31 Dec 2009, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM); Castro (8 km N; 24°45.3'S, 49°58.9'W; 1010 m), 1 Jan 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♀; DZUP, USNM); Curitiba, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Reserva Biológica (25°26.9'S, 49°14'W; 915 m), 1 Jan-24 Mar 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂, 2♀; DZUP, USNM); Matinhos (N.; 25°46.4'S, 48°30.8'W; 1 m; beach/estuary), 30 Jan25 Mar 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (6♂, 2♀; DZUP, USNM); Parque Igauçu (25°33.4'S, 49°13.6'W; 880 m), 19 Jan-12 Apr 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (11♂, 5♀; DZUP, USNM). Santa Catarina. Barra Velha (26°38'S, 48°40.9'W; beach), 29 Apr 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂; DZUP, USNM); Nova Teutônia (27°11'S, 52°23'W; 3-500 m), Oct 1970, F. Plaumann (1♀; MZUSP). São Paulo. Ubatuba, Praia do Estaleiro (23°20.5'S, 44°53'W; beach), 30 Mar 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂; DZUP, USNM); Ubatuba, Praia Puruba (23°21'S, 44°55.6'W; beach), 29-30 Mar 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (7♂; USNM).

COSTA RICA. Cartago: La Suiza (9°51.5'N, 83°37.5'W), 28 Jun 2001, W. N. Mathis (25♂, 5♀; USNM). Puntarenas: Rincón (5 km S; 8°42.1'N, 83°30.8'W; 95 m), 10-11 Aug 2001, D. and W.N. Mathis (2♀; USNM).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Barahona: Cabral (canals E of Cabral; 18°15.2'N, 71°13.4'W), 16 May 1995, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM). Independencia: Duvergé (2 km S; 18°22'N, 71°31.4'W), 24 Mar 1999, W. N. Mathis (9♂; USNM).La Vega: Constanza (ca. 16 km SE; 18°50.6'N, 70°40.7'W; 1580 m), 15 May 1998, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); El Rio (9.5 km E; 19°0.9'N, 70°33.5'W; 980 m), 6 May 1995, W. N. Mathis (5♂, 2♀; USNM); Jarabacoa (1-2 km S; 19°06.9'N, 70°37'W; 520 m), 8-21 May 1995, W. N. Mathis (14♂, 8♀; USNM); Rio Camu (3.5 km NW La Vega; 19°13.7'N, 70°35.2'W; 100 m), 10 May 1995, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 2♀; USNM). Puerto Plata: Rio Camu (14 km E Puerto Plata; 19°41.9'N, 70°37.5'W), 23 May 1998, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).

GUYANA. Dubulay Ranch (small creek; 5°40.9'N, 57°51.5'W), 10 Apr 1994, W. N. Mathis (♂, ♀; USNM); Dubulay Ranch, Berbice River (5°40.9'N, 57°51.5'W), 9-11 Apr 1994, W. N. Mathis (♂, ♀; USNM); Karanambo (3°45.1'N, 59°18.6'W), 31 Mar 1994, W. N. Mathis (♂, ♀; USNM); Karanambo (Rupununi River; 3°45.1'N, 59°18.6'W; 85m), 1-3 Dec 2010, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM); Karanambo, Rupununi River (ox bow; 3°45.1'N, 59°18.6'W), 2 Apr 1994, W. N. Mathis (♂, ♀; USNM); Karanambo, Rupununi River (ox bow; 3°45'N, 59°17.5'W; 85m), 2 Dec 2010, W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM); Kumu River and Falls (25 km SE Lethem in Kanuku Mountains; 3°15.9'N, 59°43.6'W), 4-30 Apr 1994, 1995, W. N. Mathis (♂, ♀; USNM); Wiruni River (5°46.6'N, 58°01'W), 11 Apr 1994, W. N. Mathis (♂, ♀; USNM).

HONDURAS. Cortés: San Pedro Sula (8 km S; 15°25.7'N, 88°01.4'W), 25-26 Sep 1995, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀; USNM).

JAMAICA. Clarendon: Grantham (18°09.3'N, 77°23.8'W; 340 m), 16 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀; USNM); Rest (3 km N; 17°54.3'N, 77°21.4'W), 15 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Portland: Berridale (18°06.5'N, 76°20'W), Rio Grande River, 25 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM); Hollywell (18°05.5'N, 76°43.6'W; 1170 m), 27 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM); Reach (4 km N; 18°03.6'N, 76°20.4'W), 15 May 1996, D. and W. N. Mathis, H. B. Williams (3♂; USNM). St. Andrew: Clydsdale (18°04.9'N, 76°40.2'W; 1030 m), 29 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (2♀; USNM); Mavis Bank (1.7 km E; 18°02.4'N, 77°39.5'W; 575 m), Yallahs River, 21-22 Apr-1 May 2000, W. N. Mathis (3♀; USNM); Mavis Bank (4.3 km SE; 18°01.4'N, 76°38.1'W; 480 m); Yallahs River, 22-23 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (5♂, 3♀; USNM); Silver Hill Gap (18°05.3'N, 76°43'W; 940 m), 29 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM). St. Elizabeth: Elim (18°07.1'N, 77°40.5'W), 10 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (18♂, 3♀; USNM); Maggotty Falls (18°08.2'N, 77°45.1'W), 18 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Wally Wash Great Pond (17°57.9'N, 77°48.6'W), 19 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Ys Falls (18°09.3'N, 77°49.5'W), 17-18 Ap r 2000, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM). St. Mary: Annotto Bay (18°16.2'N, 76°46.2'W; marsh), 25 Feb 1969, W. W. Wirth (4♂, 5♀; USNM). St. Thomas: Bath River, Bath (17°56.8'N, 76°21.6'W), 16 May 1996, D. and W. N. Mathis, H. B. Williams (1♀; USNM). Westmoreland: Savanna-La-Mar (18°13'N, 78°08'W), 13 Mar 1970, W. W. Wirth (1♀; USNM).

MEXICO. Chiapas: Finca Prusia (33 km S Jaltenango; 15°49'N, 92°42'W), 10-12 May 1985, W. N. Mathis (7♂, 21♀; USNM); Jaltenango (21 km S; 15°54'N, 92°40'W), 16 May 1985, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 2♀; USNM). Tabasco: Teapa (8 km SW; 17°31'N, 92°59'W), 6 May 1985, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM). Veracruz-Llave: Fortin de las Flores (18°54'N, 97°W), 2 May 1985, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM).

PUERTO RICO. Adjuntas (18°09.8'N, 66°43.2'W), 22 Sep 1995, D. and W. N. Mathis (5♂, 1♀; USNM); Jayuya (2 km E; Rio Saliente; 18°12.8'N, 66°33.9'W), 22 Sep 1995, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM); Maricao (4 km WNW; 18°10.7'N, 66°59.6'W), 21 Sep 1995, D. and W. N. Mathis (12♂, 3♀; USNM); Playa de Guayanilla (18°0.4'N, 66°46.1'W), 19 Sep 1995, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).

ST. LUCIA. Castries (5 km S; 13°59'N, 60°00'W), 16 Jun 1991, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂, 4♀; USNM); Laborie (5 km W; 13°49'N, 60°54'W), 15 Jun 1991, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♀; USNM).

Distribution

(Fig. 73). Neotropical: Belize, Bolivia (La Paz), Brazil (Amazonas, Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Costa Rica (Cartago, Puntarenas), Guyana, Hon duras, Mexico (Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz-Llave), West Indies (Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia).

Remarks.

Among congeners of the conciliata group, this species is very similar to Polytrichophora rostra as evidenced by both species having a crescent-shaped ventral epandrial process and pronounced asymmetry of the anterior hypandrial arms. This species is distinguished from Polytrichophora rostra , however, in the lateral view by the shape of the epandrium (Fig. 70), which has a secondary prong and has more gradual curvature of the ventral epandrial process, not abrupt as in Polytrichophora rostra (Fig. 65).