Sphiximorpha garibaldii Rondani, 1860

Steenis, Jeroen Van, Ricarte, Antonio, Vujić, Ante, Birtele, Daniele & Speight, Martin C. D., 2016, Revision of the West-Palaearctic species of the tribe Cerioidini (Diptera, Syrphidae), Zootaxa 4196 (2), pp. 151-209 : 193-197

Sphiximorpha garibaldii Rondani, 1860

Figs 116, 117 , 124, 125 , 133, 134 , 139 , 146 , 153 , 157–160 , 171

Sphiximorpha garibaldii Rondani, 1860: 145 . Type locality: Italy, Parma [HT ♂ MZLS].

Cerioides garibaldii: Sack (1932) comb. nov.

Sphiximorpha garibaldii: Peck (1988) , Dirickx (1994), Belcari et al. (1995), Mason et al. (2006), Vujić et al. (2009), Burgio et al. (2015).

Ceria tridens Loew, 1873: 210 . Type locality: Romania, Turn-Severin [HT ♀ ZMHB].

Ceria binominata Verrall, 1901: 665 . New name Ceria tridens Loew, 1873 = homonym of Ceria tridens Loew, 1872: 86 . syn. nov.

Ceriana worelli Brădescu, 1972b: 381 . Type locality: Rumania, Sibiu [HT ♂, AT ♀, PT ♀ MGAB] syn. nov.

Cerioides binominata: Sack (1932) comb. nov., Drensky (1934), Glumac (1972).

Sphiximorpha binominata: Brădescu (1986, 1989 , 1991), comb. nov., Peck (1988), Dirickx (1994), Speight & Sarthou (2006), Vujić et al. (2009), Nedeljković et al. (2009), Ricarte & Marcos-García (2010), de Courcy Williams et al. (2011).

Sphiximorpha worelli: Stănescu (1983) comb. nov., Brădescu (1989, 1991), Dirickx (1994), Sarıbıyık 2003, 2014), Stănescu & Pârvu (2005).

Redescription. MALE ( Figs 116 , 124 ). Body length: 13.4–14.6 mm; wing length: 9.7–10.1 mm. Head ( Fig. 133 , or similar to Fig. 134 ). Face slightly protruding antero-ventrally with very weakly demarcated tubercle and strongly concave below antennae. Head 1.8–1.9 times wider than face just below the antennae; length of eye contiguity 0.56–0.67 times as long as length of frons; angle of eyes at eye contiguity 125–140o. Face with variable yellow and black colour pattern (see species Discussion below); genae, mouth edge and hypostomal bridge black; medial black vitta tridentate as in Fig. 134 or broadened from mouth edge to dorsally of tubercle, after that strongly narrowed and extending to antennal insertion, laterally of the narrowed part with two black maculae ( Fig. 133 ); a broad black fascia at frontal prominence black. Frons yellow with broad lateral vittae from frontal prominence to eye margin. Vertical triangle black to yellow. Ocellar triangle black. Dorsal surface of head capsule broadly yellow posterior of ocellar triangle, laterally yellow along eye margin and black posteriorly. Frontal prominence 0.35–0.48 times as long as wide; relative length of pedicel is as 1.3–1.6: 1: 1.1–1.3. Antennae brown-yellow to black coloured; arista white pilose. Thorax. Scutum black with yellow macula on postpronotum and notopleuron. Pleuron black with two yellow maculae on posterior part of posterior anepisternum and on dorsal part of katepisternum. Pile long and white, ventral half of anterior anepisternum with pile nearly as long as pile on adjacent part of dorsal surface of head capsule. Scutellum black with anterior 1/3–1/2 and very narrow posterior part yellow. Legs. Coxae and trochanter black; pro- and mesofemur predominantly black, only some yellow basally and apically; basal 1/8 and apical 1/10 of metafemur yellow; apico-medial 1/4–1/2 of tibiae black; pro- and mesotarsi dark-yellow to dark-brown; metatarsus dark-brown to black; in the type specimen the legs are predominantly dark-yellow with brown tinge, possibly indicating the colour has faded. Femora with black setulae apicodorsally; metatrochanter without setulae. Mesofemur with small flattened area antero-basally demarcated anteriorly by a weak ridge ( Fig. 146 ); metatrochanter with weak sulcus and broad rim laterally ( Fig. 139 ). Metafemur elongate and metatibia without appendix on apico-ventral part, elongate ( Fig. 153 ). Wing. Hyaline except for anterior 1/2 to spurious vein and along vein CuA. Vein R4+5 straight with short appendix into cell r4+5. Cross-vein r-m slightly curved. Membrane covered in microtrichia, except anterobasal 2/3 of cell cup, a narrow area along anterobasal 1/2 of cell bm and entire alula; alula 3.0–3.3 times longer than wide. Abdomen. Black and yellow coloured. Length of tergite I: II: III: IV is as 1: 3.6–4.1: 3.3–3.8: 3.8–4.4. Width of yellow fascia medially: length of tergite of respectively tergite II, III and IV as 1: 3.9–4.3, 1: 4.4–6.0 and 1: 4.9–5.5. Tergite II longer than wide, anteromedial part most narrow; length of tergite II: width of tergite II at respectively anterior: narrowest: posterior as 1: 0.67–0.72: 0.53–0.56: 0.96–1.1. Tergite II with triangular maculae on antero-lateral corner, very narrowly separated to nearly connected medially, ratio of black between maculae and width of tergite anteriorly 1: 7.4–11; fascia on tergite II medially broad, narrowed and concave towards lateral margin; fascia on tergite III medially concave and slightly but gradually narrowed towards lateral margin; fascia on tergite IV straight, gradually narrowed towards lateral margin. Tergite IV weakly emarginated. Tergite IV with bow formed greywhite pollinosity medio-laterally. Sternites I–IV with posterior straight yellow fascia, on sternite I and IV sometimes very narrow or even missing. Tergite VIII white pilose. Genitalia. Epandrium with rather broad ventral rim ( Figs 157, 159 ); in dorsal view, cerci narrowly elongate semi-circular shaped ( Fig. 159 ), pile about twice as long as width of cerci; surstylus bi-lobed, dorsal lobe broadly elongate medially slightly narrowed, ventral lobe small circular with small membranous basal part ( Fig. 157 ); surstylar apodeme broadly rectangular, separated in two broad elongate sclerotized parts ( Fig 158, 160 ); hypandrium ( Fig. 157 ) very broad, nearly squarish, apex narrower; with long, broad ventral lobe; superior lobe semi-circular shaped, articulating with hypandrium; aedeagus with short and broad baso-ventral projection, apex with three projections, dorsally and ventrally short and rounded, medially somewhat longer and rectangular.

FEMALE ( Figs 117 , 125 ). Body length: 10.4–11.8 mm; wing length: 7.2–8.6 mm. Similar to male, except for normal sexual dimorphism and the following characters. Head ( Fig. 134 ). Head 1.8–1.9 times wider than face just below the antennae. Frontal prominence 0.35–0.42 times longer than wide; relative length of pedicel is as 1.6–1.7: 1: 1.4–1.6. Frons black with lateral yellow maculae along eye margin. Dorsal surface of head capsule with large round yellow maculae posterolateral of ocellar triangle and anterolateral part yellow. Wing. Alula 2.8–2.9 times longer than wide. Abdomen. Length of tergite I: II: III: IV: V is as 1: 2.4–3.2: 2.8–3.6: 2.7–3.3: 1.0–1.3. Width of yellow fascia medially: length of tergite of respectively tergite II, III and IV as 1: 4.2–4.4, 1: 5.0–5.1 and 1: 4.4– 4.8. Tergite II about as wide as long, anteromedial part most narrow; length of tergite II: width of tergite II at respectively anterior: narrowest: posterior as 1: 0.68–0.72: 0.55–0.59: 1.2–1.3. Ratio of black between maculae on tergite II and width of tergite II anteriorly 1: 4.1–5.3.

Material examined. Holotype of Sphiximorpha garibaldii : 1 Ƌ, "372" [red letters on oval white label], " Holotype Ƌ / Sphiximorpha garibaldii / Rondani, 1860 / det J. van Steenis, 2016" [red label], ( MSNF) . Holotype of Ceria tridens : 1 ♀, " Turn S / 17-6-[18]71", " Coll. / H. Loew ", " Typus " [faded red label], " tridens / Lw. " [handwritten], " Zool. Mus. / Berlin ", " Holotype ♀ / Ceria tridens Loew, 1873 / = Sphiximorpha garibaldii / Rondani, 1860 / det J. van Steenis, 2016" [red label], ( ZMHB) . Holotype, allotype and paratype of Ceriana worelli : 1Ƌ, "HERMMANNSTADT / HAMMERSD, BG. / DR. WORELL / 9.V [1]946", " Dealul [=the hill] / Guşteriţa / Sibiu / 9.V. [1]946”, “ Holotypus / Ceriana worelli / Vl. Brădescu ” [red label], ( MGAB) ; 1 ♀, “ DEAL [=hill] GUŞTERIŢA / LÂNGĂ SIBIU / DR. WORELL / 26.VI. [1]934”, “ Allotypus / Ceriana worelli / Vl. Brădescu ” [red label], ( MGAB) ; 1 ♀, “ DEAL [=hill] GUŞTERIŢA / LÂNGĂ SIBIU / DR. WORELL / 26.VI. [1]934”, “ Cerioides / conopoides ”, “ Paratypus / Ceriana worelli / Vl. Brădescu ” [red label], ( MGAB) . Additional material: 8 Ƌ, 61 ♀ (CEUA, CNBF, DBV, ENSATS, FSUNS, GPA, GNF, JSA, MGAB, MSD, MSNF, NBC, PCV, ZMHB).

Distribution ( Fig. 171 ). Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Romania, Spain, Turkey.

Biology. Adult habitats are mainly Quercus pubescens and Q. suber forests where females have been observed ovipositing in rot holes of trees ( Speight 2013). Adults visit flowers of Crataegus sp. [the holotype was collected on flowers of ‘ Mespyli Azaroli ', i.e. Crataegus azarolus (Segundo Ríos in litt.)], Pyrus sp. and Ferula communis . Many specimens were collected with Malaise traps or pan traps filled with beer and sugar. Adults fly from mid April to August.

Discussion. Sphiximorpha garibaldii was described from a male collected in the hills of Parma, Italy. Rondani (1860) stated that this species is similar to S. subsessilis and described it by providing a list of five differences. In Loew’s collection, at the ZMHB, Germany there is an old male of S. garibaldii that fits to the original description of Rondani (1860). This specimen, which lacks locality data, was considered as the holotype of S. garibaldii by Vujić et al. (2009) and Ricarte et al. (2012). However, in Rondani’s collection in the MSNF another male of S. garibaldii was found, also fitting to the original description of S. garibaldii . As the label on this specimen is in accordance with the labels on other Rondani type specimens, we consider this latter male as the ‘real’ holotype of S. garibaldii . In Sphiximorpha binominata (originally described as Ceria tridens ) the face has two lateral yellow vittae in the shape of an inverted hook (or 7-shaped vittae), the pedicel and basoflagellomere are black and the metafemur is also black centrally. In the ZMHB and MSNF specimens of S. garibaldii , the face has two lateral yellow vittae in the shape of an inverted hook, but the hook is closed and encircling a black macula of variable size; the pedicel and basoflagellomere are brown and the metafemur is yellow, although slightly darkened centrally. The genitalia of the ‘real’ holotype of S. garibaldii are lost but those of the specimen from the ZMHB were dissected and compared with S. binominata sensu auct. Genitalia of S. garibaldii and S. binominata were found to be identical. Moreover, we found the facial black pattern to be variable and intermediate forms between the two extremes are common. We consider that these two morphospecies represent two ends of a range of colour variation within the same taxon. Thus, we propose the name Ceria binominata as a new junior synonym of S. garibaldii .

Photos of the types of Ceriana worelli were studied and found identical with Ceria binominata which leaves no doubt about the conspecifity of this taxon with S. garibaldii , thus we propose the name C. worelli as a new junior synonym of S. garibaldii .

Figures

FIGURES 114 – 117. Adults of Primocerioides and Sphiximorpha species, overall appearance, dorsal view. 114 Primocerioides regale male (holotype of Sphiximorpha hiemalis) 115 Primocerioides regale female, Cyprus 116 Sphiximorpha garibaldii male, holotype 117 Sphiximorpha garibaldii female, (holotype of Ceria tridens). Scale line = 1 mm.

FIGURES 122 – 129. Adults of Primocerioides and Sphiximorpha species, overall appearance, lateral view. 122 Primocerioides regale male (holotype of Sphiximorpha hiemalis) 123 Primocerioides regale female, Cyprus 124 Sphiximorpha garibaldii male, holotype 125 Sphiximorpha garibaldii female, (holotype of Ceria tridens) 126 Sphiximorpha euprosopa male, holotype 127 Sphiximorpha petronillae female, lectotype 128 Sphiximorpha subsessilis male, Greece 129 Sphiximorpha subsessilis female, Greece. Scale line = 1 mm.

FIGURES 130 – 137. Head of Primocerioides and Sphiximorpha species, frontal view. 130 Primocerioides regale male (holotype of Sphiximorpha hiemalis) 131 Primocerioides regale female, Cyprus 132 Sphiximorpha euprosopa male, holotype 133 Sphiximorpha garibaldii male, holotype 134 Sphiximorpha garibaldii female, (holotype of Ceria tridens) 135 Sphiximorpha petronillae female, lectotype 136 Sphiximorpha subsessilis male, Greece 137 Sphiximorpha subsessilis female, Greece. Scale line = 1 mm.

FIGURES 138 – 140. Metatrochanter of Primocerioides and Sphiximorpha species, male, ventral view. 138 Primocerioides regale (holotype of Sphiximorpha hiemalis) 139 Sphiximorpha garibaldii, holotype 140 Sphiximorpha subsessilis, The Netherlands. Scale line = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 145 – 147. Mesofemur of Primocerioides and Sphiximorpha, male, ventro-lateral view. 145 Primocerioides regale (holotype of Sphiximorpha hiemalis) 146 Sphiximorpha garibaldii, holotype 147 Sphiximorpha subsessilis, the Netherlands. Scale line = 1 mm.

FIGURES 151 – 156. Metafemur and tibia of Primocerioides and Sphiximorpha species, lateral view. 151 Primocerioides regale male (holotype of Sphiximorpha hiemalis) 152 Sphiximorpha euprosopa male, holotype 153 Sphiximorpha garibaldii male, holotype 154 Sphiximorpha petronillae female, lectotype 155 Sphiximorpha subsessilis male, The Netherlands 156 Sphiximorpha subsessilis female, Greece. Scale line = 1 mm.

FIGURES 157 – 160. Male genitalia of Sphiximorpha garibaldii 157 Epandrium and hypandrium, holotype, lateral view 158 Surstyli, surstylar apodeme and cerci, holotype, ventral view 159 Epandrium, France, dorsal view 160 Surstyli, surstylar apodeme and cercisurstylar apodeme, France, ventral view. Scale line = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 169 – 172. Distribution maps of the West-Palaearctic Cerioidini. 169 Ceriana glaebosa (red square), Sphiximorpha euprosopa (green circle) and Sphiximorpha petronillae (blue triangle) 170 Ceriana vespiformis (red circle) 171 Primocerioides regale (red circle) and Sphiximorpha garibaldii (blue triangle) 172 Sphiximorpha subsessilis (yellow circle).