Cymo andreossyi ( Audouin, 1826 )

Brösing, Andreas, Al-Aidaroos, Ali M. & Türkay, Michael, 2014, The Red Sea species of Cymo de Haan, 1833 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthidae), associates of scleractinian corals, Zootaxa 3779 (2), pp. 195-214 : 196-200

Cymo andreossyi ( Audouin, 1826)

( Figs. 1 , 2 A–D)

Pilumnus andreossyi Audouin, 1826: 86 .— Savigny 1809: pl. 5, fig. 5.

Cymo andreossyi Heller, 1861: 346 , 347.— Paulson 1875: 38, pl. 6, fig. 5.— Kossmann 1877: 35, 36.— Neumann 1878: 23.— Nobili 1906: 271.— Lenz 1912: 4.— Klunzinger 1913: 255, pl. 3, fig. 7, pl. 7, fig. 1.— Laurie 1915: 457.— Balss 1924: 11.— Calman 1927: 214.— Ramadan 1936: 34.— Monod 1938: 134.— Guinot 1964: 86.

Cymo andreossii Miers, 1884: 532 .

Cymo andreossyi var. maculata s. pentagonalis Klunzinger 1913: 256, pl. 7, fig. 1.

Type locality: Red Sea

Material examined. Red Sea: 11 ♂, 10 ♀, 1877, coll. R. Kossmann ( SMF 30617).— 4 ♂, 6 ♀, probably At- Tur, South Sinai, Egypt, 1826, coll. E. Rüppell ( SMF 1726).— 4 ♂, 4 ♀, Gulf of Suez, 22.12.1960, donated by Tropicarium ( SMF 41721).— 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Gulf of Aqaba, Aqaba, in front of Marine Science Station, 29°29.3'N 34°59.1'E, 7 m, from living Stylophora pistillata (Pocilloporidae) , 0 6.07.1995, coll. V. Neumann ( SMF 38092).— 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Egypt, Hurghada, 27°24'N 33°40.5'E, onshore reef, 0 1.09.1965, coll. K. E. Linsenmair ( SMF 41724). — 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Saudi Arabia, Alkhuraybah, 28° 6.46’ N 34° 59.45 E, from living Stylophora , coll. A. Brösing, 23.06.2013 ( SMF 41754).— 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Saudi Arabia, Rabigh, stn 1, 22°58.054’N 38°50.03’ E, 0 7.04.2011, from dead corals, coll. A. Brösing ( SMF 41720).— 2 ♂, 2 ♀, same locality as SMF 41720 ( KAUMM 9).— 1 ♂, Saudi Arabia, shallow coral reef of Thuwal, (22°15.99’N; 39°4’21.53"E), 0 9.10.2010, coll. A. Al Aidaroos ( SMF 41723).

Comparative specimens outside the Red Sea: 5 ♂, UAE, Abu Dhabi, Qarneyn I., 24°56’N 52°51’E, 3–9 m, from living corals, 17.07.1995, coll. M. Apel ( SMF 41725).— 1 ♂, 1 ♀, UAE, about 1 km N of the port of Lulayyah, 25°24'N 56°22'E, 3–4 m, 27.06.1995, coll. M. Apel ( SMF 41728).— 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Saudi Arabian Gulf coast, Abu Ali, 27°19'N 49°38'E, coral reef, from living Acropora (Acroporidae) , 3 m, 13.04.1993, coll. M. Apel ( SMF 41726). — 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Iranian Gulf coast, Khark I., E coast, 29°14.41’N 50°19.68’E, coral reef, 2–3 m, 0 6.03.1937, coll. G. Thorson ( UZMK); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Yemen, Socotra, from Acropora , 15.04.1999, coll. M. Apel ( SMF 41727).— 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Yemen, Socotra, E of Suqra, 12°36.256’N 54°20.994’E, sand and corals, 12–14 m, 24.03.1999, coll. M. Apel ( SMF 41732).— 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Yemen, Socotra, N coast, 12°38.725'N 53°56.229'E, 0 1.03.1999, coll. S. Moghrabi ( SMF 41733).— 8 ♂, 3 ♀, 1 ♂ ( SMF 7745) Japan, Ryukyu Is., Ishigaki I. 24 °23.6’N 124°8.2’E, coll. T. Sakai ( SMF 7742).

Diagnosis. Carapace white and nearly circular; gastric, cardiac region well defined; dorsal surface of gastric region, frontal, orbital, anterolateral margins of carapace with minute granules; carapace dorsally flattened, nearly glabrous ( Fig. 2 ). Frontal margin with lateral, median bifurcated spines, with 3 smaller sharp spines between large spines; frontal lobes separated by deep incision with minute spine on each side ( Fig. 14 a). Inner orbital margin with fine granules, ocular peduncle short, with granule near base of cornea.

Third maxillipeds densely setose; ischium subrectangular, separated from basis by indistinct suture; merus quadrate, antero-external edge angular. Heterochelous chelipeds in both sexes; merus trihedral, dorsal margin with small plumose setae, merus, carpus, propodus irregularly granular, granules largest on dorsal surface of carpus, propodus, carpus short; fingers smooth, tips of both fingers white, spoon shaped, both fingers of larger chela with 2 molariform teeth, smaller chela without molariform teeth. Walking legs short, tomentose, laterally compressed, their surfaces obscured by short setae, dorsal margins of merus, carpus, propodus with irregular small granules, dactylus hooked, with well-developed dactylo-propodal articulation.

Thoracic sternum longer than wide in both sexes, anterior surface slightly setose, relatively narrow; sternites 1, 2 fused, sternite 2 separated from sternite 3 by distinct transverse suture; sternites 3, 4 fused, lateral parts with faint trace of sutures; sternite 4 with longitudinal suture; suture between sternites 6, 7 not closed (see Fig. 15 ), male sternites 5–8 with deep sterno-abdominal cavity, sternite 5 with abdomen-holding tubercle, thoracic sternum of female wider than that of male, same gaping separation between sternite 6, 7 (see Fig. 15 ), female gonopores close to midline of sternum.

Male abdomen relatively slender, slightly setose, segments 3 – 5 fused, segment 6 quadrate, telson triangular. Female abdomen sub-ovate, covering median part of thoracic sternum, lateral margins prominently setose, segment 6 widest, telson semicircular.

G1, basal part elongated, sinuous, with long plumose setae subdistally on inner margin, suture sinuous, tip inclined posteriorly, hook-like, distal opening broad, placed along the whole inclined part of tip; G2 with wrinkled, twisted spines at one-seventh distance from the tip ( Fig. 3 ).

Lateral gastric teeth with anterior large tooth cusp, followed posteriorly by 8 smaller, mesially directed cusps ( Fig. 4 A), lateral side comprising 14 transverse comb-like lamellae; accessory teeth with semicircular row of 9 uniformly elongated single teeth; dorso-median tooth situated on the postero-ventral part of the urocardiac ossicle, consisting of transverse tooth cusp with row of small lateral spines at its base; cardio-pyloric valve arc-shaped, dorsal surface covered with plumose setae ( Fig. 4 D).

Remarks. Previously recorded from a number of localities along the Red Sea: Gulf of Suez ( Lenz 1912, Laurie 1915, Balss 1924, Calman 1927), Senafir I., ( Balss 1924), Gulf of Aqaba ( Balss 1924, Monod 1938), Egyptian coast ( Balss 1924, Ramadan 1936), Saudi Arabian coast ( Balss 1924), Sudanese coast ( Laurie 1915, Balss 1924), Southern Red Sea ( Nobili 1906, Balss 1924) (see table 1, Fig. 1 ).

Geographical distribution. Widely distributed across the Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea and the east coast of Africa to French Polynesia.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Cymo andreossyi, Red Sea records. Red circles refer to records from the literature, blue squares to material examined.

FIGURE 2. Cymo andreossyi. A, male, dorsal view; B, male, ventral view (Yemen, SMF 41727); C, female, dorsal view; D, female, ventral view (Yemen, SMF 41727). Scale bars, A, B = 1.4 cm; C, D = 1.2 cm; Photos: Sven Tränkner (SMF).

FIGURE 3. Cymo andreossyi (Yemen, SMF 41727), A – C, G 1; D – F, G 2; gsc., sperm channel groove; sco., sperm channel opening. Scale bars: A, B, D, F = 300 µm; C = 100 µm; E = 30 µm.

FIGURE 4. Cymo andreossyi, gastric teeth (Saudi Gulf, SMF 41726), A, dorso-median view on the right lateral tooth; B, lateral view on the accessory teeth in front of the lateral tooth; C, ventral view on the dorsomedian tooth; D, anterodorsal view on the cardiopyloric valve; acc., accessory teeth; at., anterior; cpv., cardio-pyloric valve; ls., lateral spine; ltc., large teeth cusp; pt., posterior; tl., transverse lamellae; ttc., transverse teeth cusp; uo., urocardiac ossicle; *, mesially directed cusps. Scale bars: A, C, D = 300 µm; B = 100 µm.

FIGURE 14. Views of antero-dorsal margin of carapace. A, Cymo andreossyi (Yemen, SMF 41727); B, C. deplanatus (South China Sea, ZMG 1216); C, C. melanodactylus (Indian Archipelago, ZMG 1218); D, C. quadrilobatus (Red Sea, SMF 41752). Scale bars: A, C, D = 300 µm; B, 200 µm.

FIGURE 15. Cymo melanodactylus, A, male; B, female (ZMG 1218), sternites with open sutures between sternite 6 and 7 indicated by arrows. This character is also present in C. andreossyi, C. deplanatus and C. quadrilobatus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm.