Gonatopus perkinsi Ashmead, 1901

Olmi, Massimo, Marletta, Alessandro & Guglielmino, Adalgisa, 2014, Revision of the Australian species of Gonatopus group 5 (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), with description of a new species from the Society Islands, French Polynesia, Zootaxa 3895 (4), pp. 525-546 : 538-539

7. Gonatopus perkinsi Ashmead, 1901

( Figs 24–29 )

Gonatopus perkinsi Ashmead, 1901: 293 ; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 250, 251; Olmi 2000: 109; Olmi & Villemant 2009: 697; Guglielmino et al. 2013: 14, 17, 20.

Gonatopus haleakalae Ashmead, 1901: 293 (synonymized by Olmi 1984)); type locality: Haleakala (Maui Island, Hawaii Islands), according to the original description; however, the holotype is labelled Honolulu Mts.

Labeo hawaiiensis Ashmead, 1901: 294 (synonymized by Olmi 1984)); type locality: Molokai Mts. (Molokai Island, Hawaii Islands).

Pseudogonatopus perkinsi (Ashmead) : Perkins 1912: 487.

Dicondylus perkinsi (Ashmead) : Olmi 1984: 1394; 1990: 790.

Material examined. Types. Holotype of G. perkinsi , ♀: USA: Hawaii Islands: Molokai Island, Molokai Mts., 9.vi.1893, R. Perkins leg. ( BMNH). Holotype of G. haleakalae , ♀: USA: Hawaii Islands: Maui Island, Haleakala ( BMNH) (this locality is reported in the original description, but the holotype is labelled erroneously “Honolulu Mts.” (see below)). Holotype of L. hawaiiensis , ♂: USA: Hawaii Islands: Molokai Island, Molokai Mts., 4500 ft., 29.viii.1893, R. Perkins leg. ( BMNH). Other material. USA: Hawaii Islands: Hawaii: Mt. Hualalai ( BPBM); Hawaii National Park ( CASC); Humuula ( BPBM); U-Hamakua ( BPBM); Kilauea ( BPBM, DEUCR, MCZH); Olaa ( BPBM); Volcanoes National Park, Kilauealki ( CASC); Volcanoes National Park ( CNCI); Volcanoes National Park, Bird Peak, about 1650 m, 1.xii.1978, M. Olmi leg., 1♂ ( MOLC); Kohala Mts., Kawainui Str., Upper Hamakua Ditch, 1210 m, 14.x.1997 ( AMNH). Kauai: Kauaikinana ( BPBM); Kokee ( BPBM); Mohihi Ridge ( BPBM); Waimea Mts. ( BPBM); Halemanu ( BPBM). Lanai: Lanaihale ( BPBM); Halepaakai ( BPBM); Haalelepaakai, Munro Trail, 1025 m, 2.v.1993 ( CNI). Maui: Maui ( USNM); Haelaau ( BPBM); Puu Niuniau ( BPBM); West Maui, Pu’u Kukui trail at Pu’u 4503’, 1330 m, 13.v.1992 ( CNI); Haleakala National Park, Kipahulu Vy., 1800 m, 8.v.1991 ( AMNH, CNI). Molokai: Kainalu ( BPBM); Kamiloloa ( BPBM); Kalaupapa Lookout ( BPBM); Kawela ( BPBM); Kamakou, Pres. Kolekole Cabin, 1200 m, 15.v.1992 ( CNI). Oahu: Waianae ( BPBM); Waianae Mts., Puu Kaua, 4.v.1995 ( CNI); Waianae Mts., Palikea, 3.v.1995 ( CNI); Poamoho ( BPBM); Mt. Kaala, 17.x.1992 ( AMNH, BPBM, CNI, DEUCR); Olympus ( USNM); Konahuahui ( BPBM, USNM); M. Tantalus ( AMNH, BPBM); Puu Kanehoa, vii.1959 ( BPBM, USNM); Waiau ( BPBM); Castle Trail ( BPBM); Honolulu ( BPBM); near Honolulu, 2–3000 ft., R. Perkins leg., 1♀ ( BMNH); Honolulu Mts., 2–3000 ft., R. Perkins leg., 1♀ labelled erroneously “ Holotype of Gonatopus haleakalae ” ( BMNH); near Honolulu, Waiahila State Park, 400 m ( CNCI); Kaumuhoua ( BPBM, USNM); Waikane ( BPBM); Lanihuli ( BPBM); Puu Kalena ( BPBM); Palolo ( BPBM); Koolau Mts., Kainawainui Mauumae Rdg. Trail, 13.v.1995 ( CNI); Koolau Mts., Keahiakahoe massif, Tripler Rdg. Summit, 9.v.1995 ( CNI).

Redescription. FEMALE. Apterous ( Fig. 25 ); length 2.0–3.7 mm. Colour variable. Usually testaceousreddish, except petiole black; occasionally brownish or brown-black. In specimen from Hawaii, Upper Hamakua Ditch, body totally black, except legs yellow, with clubs of femora darkened. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 18:11:26:15:14:13:12:13:11:20. Head ( Fig. 24 ) excavated, shiny, granulated; frontal line incomplete, absent in anterior third of face; occipital carina incomplete, only shortly present on sides of posterior ocelli; POL = 7; OL = 7; OOL = 17. Palpal formula 4/2. Pronotum ( Fig. 26 ) shiny, unsculptured, not crossed by transverse furrow or slightly impressed. Scutum granulated. Metanotum not hollow behind scutellum ( Fig. 26 ), with sides rounded ( Fig. 25 ). Meso-metapleural obsolete. Metathorax + propodeum completely transversely striate. Segment 1 of protarsus usually shorter than segment 4, occasionally longer than segment 4 (in specimen from Maui). Enlarged claw ( Fig. 28 ) with one large subapical tooth and one row of 4–6 lamellae. Segment 5 of protarsus ( Fig. 28 ) with two rows of 10–21 lamellae; distal apex with 4–9 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/0/1.

MALE. Fully winged; length 2.0 mm. Head brown-reddish, except mandible, clypeus and anterior region of face yellow; antenna brown-yellow; mesosoma brown-reddish; metasoma testaceous; legs yellow, except coxae brownish. Antenna filiform, with segment 3 more than three times as long as broad (about 3.6); antennal segments in following proportions: 6:5:10:9:9:9:8:8:8:12. Head shiny, hairy; frontal line absent; occipital carina absent; POL = 9; OL = 2; OOL = 1; OOL longer than greatest breadth of posterior ocellus; temple distinct. Palpal formula 4/2 (maxillary palpus in fig. 27). Scutum shiny, granulated. Notauli complete, posteriorly separated; minimum distance between notauli about as long as greatest breadth of posterior ocelli. Scutellum and metanotum shiny, finely punctate, unsculptured among punctures. Propodeum dull, reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels. Dorsal surface of propodeum with areolae about as large as those of posterior surface. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Dorsal process of paramere ( Fig. 29 ) long and slender, with distal extremity pointed. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Hosts. Delphacidae ( Guglielmino et al. 2013) : in the Hawaii ( USA): Emoloana swezeyi (Kirkaldy) (= Kelisia swezeyi Kirkaldy ); Liburnia sp.; Nesosydne coprosmicola (Muir) (= Ilburnia coprosmicola Muir ); Nesosydne koae (Kirkaldy) (= Ilburnia koae Kirkaldy ).

Natural enemies. According to Guerrieri & Viggiani (2005) G. perkinsi can be parasitized in the Hawaii Islands by the following species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera) : Cheiloneurus exitiosus (Perkins) , Ch. flavipes (Timberlake) and Ch. hawaiiensis (Perkins) . Timberlake (1922) cited the above Ch. hawaiiensis and Ch. flavipes under Hypergonatopus , together with the following further species considered parasitoids of G. perkinsi in the Hawaii Islands: Hypergonatopus vulcanus Timberlake and H. brunneipes Timberlake (see also Olmi (2000)).

Distribution. USA (Hawaii Islands).

Figures

FIGURES 24 – 29. Gonatopus perkinsi. ♀, Hawaii, Bird Peak: 24, head, frontal view; 25, body, dorsal view; 26, mesosoma, lateral view; 28, chela. ♂: 27, maxillary palpus, Oahu, Mt. Tantalus; 29, genitalia, Oahu, Waianae. Scale bar 1.23 mm for 24, 25 and 26, 0.7 mm for 27, 0.3 mm for 28, 0.12 mm for 29.