Gonatopus flavifemur ( Esaki & Hashimoto, 1932 )

Olmi, Massimo, Marletta, Alessandro & Guglielmino, Adalgisa, 2014, Revision of the Australian species of Gonatopus group 5 (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), with description of a new species from the Society Islands, French Polynesia, Zootaxa 3895 (4), pp. 525-546 : 532-533

3. Gonatopus flavifemur ( Esaki & Hashimoto, 1932)

( Figs 12–16 , 19–20 )

Pseudogonatopus flavifemur Esaki & Hashimoto, 1932: 28 .

Dicondylus indianus Olmi, 1984: 1384 (synonymized by He & Xu 2002); type locality: Holalu (Karnataka, India); Sahragard et al. 1991: 154.

Gonatopus flavifemur (Esaki & Hashimoto) : Xu et a l. 2013: 389 .

Material examined. Types: Holotype of P. flavifemur , ♀ from Japan (no localities) probably lost. Holotype of D. indianus , ♀: INDIA: Karnataka, Mandya District, Holalu Village, Regional Research Station Mandya, vi.1976, ex Nilaparvata lugens nymph ( BMNH). Paratypes of D. indianus : CHINA: Taiwan, Gakko, 1♀ and 1♂ ( AMNH, ELKU); Taiwan, Shishi, 1♀ ( ELKU); INDIA: same locality label as holotype, 3♀ and 3♂ ( BMNH, AMNH); INDIA: Orissa, Cuttack, 30.I.1975, on rice, C.R.R.I., 1♀ ( BMNH); PHILIPPINES: Luzon Island, Laguna Prov., 4 Km E Los Baños, 14°10'N 121°15'E, 25.IX.1977, ex Nilaparvata lugens , G. Chandra leg., 1♀ ( BMNH). Other material. AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Ayr ( AMNH, UCCW) ( Sahragard et al. 1991).

Redescription. FEMALE. Apterous ( Fig. 15 ); length 3.0–3.7 mm. Head brown or black, except mandible, clypeus and anterior region of face yellow; occasionally occiput yellow; antenna brown or black, except segment 1 and occasionally also 10 totally or partly yellow; mesosoma and metasoma black; legs yellow, except club of profemur brown. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 20:14:32:20:16:15:15:13:15:32. Head excavated, shiny, granulated, with longitudinal keels on anterior region of face; frontal line incomplete, absent in anterior half of face; occipital carina absent; POL = 1; OL = 1; OOL = 7; occasionally OL longer than POL. Palpal formula 4/2. Pronotum shiny or dull, granulated, crossed by strong transverse impression, or not crossed, or very weakly impressed. Scutum shiny or dull, granulated, occasionally with some longitudinal keels. Scutellum shiny. Metanotum transversely striate, not hollow behind scutellum, about as long as scutellum, with sides rounded. Metathorax + propodeum dull, granulated, regularly rounded in lateral view ( Figs 15–16 ), completely or almost completely transversely striate, with tip on disc ( Fig. 13 ); occasionally anterior surface not transversely striate. Mesopleuron and metapleuron transversely striate. Meso-metapleural suture obsolete or very hardly distinct. Fore tarsal segments in following proportions: 17:2.5:5:14:21, or 21:3.5:6:17:25. Enlarged claw ( Fig. 12 ) with one large subdistal tooth and one row of five–six lamellae. Segment 5 of protarsus ( Fig. 12 ) with two rows of 13–23 lamellae; distal apex with 7–10 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/0/1.

MALE. Fully winged ( Figs 19–20 ); length 2.5–3.2 mm. Head black or brown, except mandible yellow; antenna brown; mesosoma black or brown; metasoma brown; legs yellow, occasionally with metacoxa brown. Antenna filiform; antennal segments in following proportions: 15:14:26:26:26:26:22:22:23:31; antennal segment 3 four or more than four times as long as broad. Head dull or shiny, hairy, granulated, without smooth oval areas on sides of posterior ocelli; frontal line absent; occipital carina absent; temple distinct; ocelli very large; POL = 10; OL = 3.5; OOL = 2; greatest breadth of posterior ocellus much longer than OL (5.5:2). Palpal formula 4/2. Scutum dull, hairy, granulated. Notauli complete, posteriorly joint or very close; occasionally slightly separated. Scutellum and metanotum shiny, smooth, weakly punctate, unsculptured among punctures. Propodeum reticulate rugose, without keels on posterior surface; occasionally median surface bordered by strong keels. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Dorsal process of paramere ( Fig. 14 ) reduced to an inner expansion of paramere. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Hosts. Delphacidae ( Guglielmino et al. 2013) : in Australia: Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ; in China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang): Nilaparvata bakeri (Muir) ; Saccharosydne procerus (Matsumura) ; Sogatella longifurcifera (Esaki & Ishihara) ; Metadelphax propinqua (Fieber) ; in Taiwan: Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ; in India: Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ; in Japan: Laodelphax striatella (Fallén) ; Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ; Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) ; in Malaysia: Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ; Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) ; in the Philippines: Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ; Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) .

Biology. Information in Jervis et al. (1988), Kitamura (1989) and Sahragard et al. (1991, under Dicondylus indianus Olmi ).

Natural enemies. Encyrtidae ( Guerrieri & Viggiani 2005) : Cheiloneurus exitiosus (Perkins) . In Vietnam this species can be parasitized by Encyrtidae ; M. Olmi in fact reared seven male specimens of an unidentified Encyrtid species from a cocoon on rice collected in the Southern Regional Plant Protection Center. In Thailand G. flavifemur can be parasitized by Trichomalus apanteloctena (Crawford) (Pteromalidae) ( Olmi 2000).

Distribution. China ( Taiwan, Fujian, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hainan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang), India (Karnataka, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu), Philippines (Luzon), Malaysia ( Malaya), Vietnam (Tieng Giang), Australia (Queensland), Japan (Kyushu) ( Xu et al. 2013; Mita & Olmi 2013).

Figures

FIGURES 15. Gonatopus flavifemur, ♀, Vietnam, Long Dinh Village. Length 3.0 mm.

FIGURES 12 – 14. Gonatopus flavifemur. 12, chela of ♀, Japan, Kami-gun; 13, mesosoma, lateral view of ♀, the Philippines, Laguna; 14, genitalia of ♂, Australia, Ayr. Scale bar 0.25 mm for 12, 0.85 mm for 13, 0.17 mm for 14.

FIGURES 16 – 18. Mesosoma of ♀. 16. Gonatopus flavifemur, Vietnam, Long Dinh Village); 17. G. perraulti sp. nov., holotype; 18. G. rufus, Marquesas Islands, Nuku Hiva.

FIGURES 19 – 20. Gonatopus flavifemur, ♂, India, Holalu, dorsal (19) and lateral (20) view. Length 2.6 mm.