Chimaera ogilbyi Waite, 1898

Finucci, Brittany, White, William T., Kemper, Jenny M. & Naylor, Gavin J. P., 2018, Redescription of Chimaera ogilbyi (Chimaeriformes; Chimaeridae) from the Indo-Australian region, Zootaxa 4375 (2), pp. 191-210 : 198-206

Chimaera ogilbyi Waite, 1898

Ogilby’s Chimaera

Table 1; Figs 3 –7

Chimaera ogilbyi Waite, 1898: 56 , pl. 11 (off Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; syntypes AMS I.3732, 3734, 3736, 3737)

Hydrolagus (Psychichthys) waitei Fowler, 1907: 419 , Fig. 1 (Victoria, Australia; holotype ANSP 33119, dry, poor condition)

Chimaera waitei — Garman, 1911: 91 (Victoria, Australia)

Phasmichthys lemures Whitley, 1939: 261 , pl. 22 ( Fig. 2 ) (Great Australian Bight, off Eucla, Western Australia; holotype AMS E.3591, paratype AMS E.3592)

Hydrolagus ogilbyi — Bigelow & Schroeder, 1953: 534, 537 (southern Australia, Tasmania)

Hydrolagus lemures — Bigelow & Schroeder, 1953: 534

Hydrolagus cf lemures — White et al., 2006: 310, fig. (Indonesia)

Lectotype. AMS I.3736 , female 500 mm BDL, off Port Hacking , New South Wales, Australia, 34°04.8’ S, 151°12’ E, 22–38 fathoms (40–70 m) depth, 10 Mar 1898.

Paralectotypes. (2 specimens) AMS I.3732, female, AMS I.3734, female (tail damaged, similar size to lectotype), off Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia, 34°01.8’ S, 151°15’ E, 50–52 fathoms (91–95 m) depth, 11 Mar 1898.

Other specimens: New South Wales (20 specimens): CSIRO CA 114, female 647 mm TL, 258 mm BDL, east northeast of Sydney, 33°33’ S, 151°57’ E, 265–305 m depth, 2 Feb 1977; CSIRO CA 3226, adolescent male 722 mm TL, 324 mm BDL, CSIRO CA 3227, female 709 mm TL, 345 mm BDL, northeast of Port Stephens, 32°23’ S, 152°59’ E, 278 m depth, 30 Jan 1982; CSIRO H 2692-01, female 807 mm TL, 490 mm BDL, east of Yamba, 29°24’ S, 153°46’ E, 153–175 m depth, 22 May 1991; CSIRO H 2967-01, adult male 618 mm TL, 385 mm BDL, east of Coffs Harbour, 30°21’ S, 153°24’ E, 139–154 m depth, 11 Mar 1992; CSIRO H 3586-01, female 722 mm TL, 348 mm BDL, east of Wollongong, 34°25’ S, 151°11’ E, 141–145 m depth, 31 Aug 1993; CSIRO H 4472-03, female 896 mm TL, 402 mm BDL, CSIRO H 4472-04, female 839 mm TL, 365 mm BDL, northeast of Batemans Bay, 35°40’ S, 150°41’ E, 541–585 m depth, 4 Dec 1996; CSIRO H 4682-05 (tissue accession GN10981; Genbank accession DQ108122 ), male 675 mm TL, 318 mm BDL, east of Broken Bay, 33°35’ S, 151°58’ E, 324–329 m depth, 10 Sep 1997; CSIRO H 4760-01, juvenile male 631 mm TL, 273 mm BDL, east of Eden, 37°12’ S, 150°22’ E, 373–401 m depth, 29 Oct 1996; CSIRO H 4704-03, adolescent male 658 mm TL, 325 mm BDL, east of Sydney, 33°40’ S, 151°53’ E, 326–331 m depth, 24 Sep 1996; CSIRO H 7029-02 (Genbank accession KY260632 ), adult male 906 mm TL, 429 mm BDL, east of Wooli, 29°58.72’ S, 153°38.98’ E, 500 m depth, 5 Sep 2009; CSIRO H 7041-09, female 682 mm TL, 324 mm BDL, east of Port Stephens, 32°32’ S, 152°54’ E, 510 m depth, 9 Sep 2009; CSIRO H 7043-07 (tissue accession GN13677; Genbank accession KY260650 ), adult male 717 mm TL, 432 mm BDL, east of Ballina, 28°59.87’ S, 153°53.20’ E, 440 m depth, 3 Sep 2009; CSIRO H 7048-02 (tissue accession GN13678; Genbank accession KY260637 ), adult male 822 mm TL, 433 mm BDL, east of Tweed Heads, 28°17.64’ S, 153°53.54’ E, 455 m depth, 2 Sep 2009; CSIRO H 7053-09 (Genbank accession KY260631 ), female 691 mm TL, 374 mm BDL, CSIRO H 7053-10 (Genbank accession KY260633 ), adult male 736 mm TL, 408 mm BDL, east of Terrigal, 33°21’ S, 152°11’ E, 560 m depth, 14 Sep 2009; CSIRO H 7063-01 (tissue accession GN10984; Genbank accession KY260628 ), female 908 mm TL, 439 mm BDL, east of Jervis Bay, 35°12’ S, 150°59’ E, 385– 520 m depth, 21 Sep 2009; CSIRO H 8058-01 (Genbank accession KY260627 ), adult male 897 mm TL, 432 mm BDL, east of Sydney, 34°03.16’ S, 151°36.86’ E, 450 m depth, 16 Sep 2009; CSIRO H 8058-02 (Genbank accession KY260630 ), adult male 884 mm TL, 450 mm BDL, Taupo Seamount, 33°05’ S, 156°16’ E, 525 m depth, 11 Sep 2009; not retained (Genbank accession DQ108121 ), east of Ulladulla, 33°25’ S, 151°11’ E, 141 m depth, 3 Nov 1994; not retained (Genbank accession DQ108123 ), east of Broken Bay, 33°32’ S, 152°00’ E, 329 m depth, 26 Sep 1996.

Northern Territory (2 specimens): CSIRO CA 1262, juvenile male 351 mm TL, 165 mm BDL, CSIRO CA 1263, female 374 mm TL, 162 mm BDL, CSIRO CA 1264, female 166 mm TL, 83 mm BDL, north of Bathurst Island, Arafura Sea, 10°02’ S, 130°03’ E, 216 m depth, 8 Jul 1980.

South Australia (1 specimen): CSIRO H 2867-06, female 977 mm TL, 541 mm BDL, Great Australian Bight, 33°25’ S, 129°54’ E, 490–514 m depth, 13 Mar 1992.

Queensland (14 specimens): CSIRO H 648-05, female 296 mm TL, 108 mm BDL, east of Townsville, 18°59.7’ S, 149°28.7’ E, 452–453 m depth, 26 Nov 1985; CSIRO H 713-4, adolescent male 716 mm TL, 314 mm BDL, south of Saumarez Reef, 22°34.5’ S, 153°37.4’ E, 314–319 m depth, 16 Nov 1985; CSIRO H 1167-03 (2 embryos), 155 and 235 mm TL, 67.5 and 83 mm BDL, west of Lihou Reef and Cays, Queensland Plateau, 17°02.1’ S, 151°03.7’ E, 696 m depth, 6 Dec 1985; CSIRO H 2278-1, female 728 mm TL, 308 mm BDL, east of Flinders Reefs, 17°32.8’ S, 149°31.9’ E, 500–504 m depth, 3 Dec 1985; CSIRO H 2279-1, female 496 mm TL, 234 mm BDL, east of Hinchinbrook Island, Queensland Trough, 17°59.1’ S, 147°09.6’ E, 400–402 m depth, 29 Nov 1985; CSIRO H 2280-1, juvenile male, 442 mm TL, 180 mm BDL, Townsville Trough, 18°59.7’ S, 149°28.7’ E, 452– 453 m depth, 26 Nov 1985; CSIRO H 2281-1, juvenile male 511 mm TL, 221 mm BDL, Saumarez Reef, 22°35.3’ S, 153°46.7’ E, 345–350 m depth, 17 Nov 1985; CSIRO H 2282-1, female 619 mm TL, 258 mm BDL, Marian Plateau, 19°29.2’ S, 150°16.5’ E, 324–328 m depth, 15 Nov 1985; CSIRO H 2283-1, female 530 mm TL, 194 mm BDL, Saumarez Reef, 22°40’ S, 154°05.5’ E, 416–419 m depth, 17 Nov 1985; CSIRO H 7569-01 (tissue accession GN15671), female 571 mm TL, 301 mm BDL, CSIRO H 7569-02 (tissue accession GN15672), juvenile male 659 mm TL, 307.5 mm BDL, Swain Reefs, 23°46.40’ S, 152°30.96’ E, 227–234 m depth, 2 Jun 2011; CSIRO H 7720- 0 1, 774 mm TL, 434 mm BDL, Swains Reef, 22°38.82’ S, 152°49.32’ E, 135 m depth, 8 Oct 2010; not retained (Genbank accession KY260640 , KY260642 , KY260647 , KY260251, KY260253), Swains Reef, 23°39.34’ S, 152°24.22’ E, 234 m depth, 2 Jun 2011.

Tasmania (17 specimens): CSIRO T 442, female 753 mm TL, 333 mm BDL, off Tranmers Point, 42°38’ S, 148°36’ E, 480 m depth, 12 Oct 1994; CSIRO T 1377-02, adult male 1002 mm TL, 496 mm BDL, west of Strahan, 42°19’ S, 144°46’ E, 548 m depth, 19 Jan 1979; CSIRO H 789-02, embryo 122 mm TL, west of Mawson Bay, 41°02.3’ S, 143°49.6’ E, 820–872 m depth, 15 May 1986; CSIRO H 1908-1, juvenile male 512 mm TL, 206 mm BDL, CSIRO H 1908-2, female 565 mm TL, 292 mm BDL, CSIRO H 1908-3, juvenile male 602 mm TL, 255 mm BDL, CSIRO H 1908-5, female 541 mm TL, 205 mm BDL, CSIRO H 1908-6, female 462 mm TL, 181 mm BDL, CSIRO H 1908-7, juvenile male 488 mm TL, 203.5 mm BDL, CSIRO H 1908-8, female 528 mm TL, 194 mm BDL, CSIRO H 1908-9, female 455 mm TL, 179 mm BDL, CSIRO H 1908-10, juvenile male 468 mm TL, 172 mm BDL, west of King Island, 40°53.9’ S, 143°44.5’ E, 496–524 m depth, 31 Aug 1994; CSIRO H 3500-08, female 929 mm TL, 480 mm BDL, CSIRO H 3500-09, female 1005 mm TL, 457 mm BDL, east of Maria Island, Darcy’s Patch, 42°42’ S, 148°25.7’ E, 510–520 m depth, 24 Jul 1993; CSIRO H 5942-01 (tissue accession GN10983), female 1037 mm TL, 602 mm BDL, CSIRO H 5943-01 (tissue accession GN10964), adult male 854 mm TL, 436 mm BDL, south of Tasman Peninsula, 43°35’ S, 147°55’ E, 460 m depth, 1 Sep 2002; CSIRO H 7061-08 (Genbank accession KY260655 ), adult male 904 mm TL, 436 mm BDL, CSIRO H 7061-09 (Genbank accession KY260639 ), female 810 mm TL, 388 mm BDL, east of Cape Barren Island, 40°14’ S, 148°54’ E, 580 m depth, 4 Oct 2009.

Victoria (6 specimens): CSIRO H 3522-07, female 622 mm TL, 232 mm BDL, south of Cape Everard, 38°11.9’ S, 149°16.5’ E, 230–240 m depth, 6 Aug 1993; CSIRO H 3546-02, adult male 758 mm TL, 412 mm BDL, south of Cape Everard, 38°12.4’ S, 149°16.6’ E, 240–250 m depth, 7 Aug 1993; CSIRO H 3690-08, female 464 mm TL, 173 mm BDL, south of Cape Everard, 38°11.8’ S, 149°17.9’ E, 258–296 m depth, 24 Feb 1994; CSIRO H 5322-02 (tissue accession GN10982; Genbank accession DQ108108 ), female 604 mm TL, 243.5 mm BDL, southsoutheast of Cape Everard, Victoria, Australia, 38°09.98’ S, 149°38.33’ E, 225–295 m depth, 23 Apr 2000; CSIRO H 7060-05 (Genbank accession KY260624 ), female 928 mm TL, 479 mm BDL, south of Gabo Island, 37°48.30’ S, 150°11.64’ E, 510–515 m depth, 1 Oct 2009; CSIRO H 7065-03 (Genbank accession KY260644 ), female 955 mm TL, 481 mm BDL, south of Gabo Island, 37°48’ S, 150°10’ E, 550 m depth, 30 Sep 2009.

Western Australia (44 specimens): AMS E.3591 (holotype of Phasmichthys lemures ), female 458 mm TL, 212 mm BDL, AMS E.3590 (paratype of Phasmichthys lemures ), female 446 mm TL, 172 mm BDL, southwest of Eucla, Great Australian Bight, 126°45.5’ E, 190–320 fathoms (348–585 m) depth, 4 Apr 1913; CSIRO CA 407, juvenile male 412 mm TL, 176 mm BDL, south of Mermaid Reef, 10 Jun 1978; CSIRO CA 3500, adult male 712 mm TL, 448 mm BDL, Great Australian Bight, 33°23.2’ S, 127°34.3’ E, 296–300 m depth, 2 Dec 1981; CSIRO CA 367, adolescent male 583 mm TL, 282 mm BDL, north-northwest of Port Hedland, 18°24’ S, 118°03’ E, 258– 270 m depth, 20 May 1978; CSIRO H 822-20, juvenile male 269 mm BDL, southwest of Shark Bay, 27°03’ S, 112°40’ E, 402 m depth, 27 Oct 1986; CSIRO H 1652-5, female 397 mm TL, 186 mm BDL, northwest of Port Hedland, 18°25’ S, 117°48’ E, 375 m depth, 21 Aug 1988; CSIRO H 2007-3, female 586 mm TL, 281 mm BDL, southwest of Rowley Shoals, 17°50’ S, 118°33’ E, 420 m depth, 12 Feb 1989; CSIRO H 2031-1 (3 specimens; 2 males, 1 female), 204–297 mm TL, 98–123 mm BDL, northeast of Mermaid Reef, 16°54’ S, 120°25’ E, 396 m depth, 12 Apr 1989; CSIRO H 2366-1, juvenile male 531 mm TL, 284.5 mm BDL, west of Geraldton, 28°48’ S, 113°37’ E, 457 m depth, 27 Dec 1989; CSIRO H 2555-14 (tissue accession GN10961; Genbank accession EU398877 ), female 614 mm TL, 302 mm BDL, west of Alison Point, 23°25.4’ S, 113°03.9’ E, 297–311 m depth, 26 Jan 1991; CSIRO H 2567-11, juvenile male 503 mm TL, 271 mm BDL, west of Dorre Island, 25°07.5’ S, 112°09.3’ E, 312 m depth, 28 Jan 1991; CSIRO H 2575-22, female 380 mm TL, CSIRO H 2575-23, female 637 mm TL, 300 mm BDL, CSIRO H 2575-24 (tissue accession GN10986; Genbank accession EU398882 ), male 604 mm TL, 342 mm BDL, CSIRO H 2575-25 (tissue accession GN10987; Genbank accession EU398881 ), female 821 mm TL, 430 mm BDL, west of Freycinet Estuary, 26°40.4’ S, 112°32.7’ E, 456–478 m depth, 30 Jan 1991; CSIRO H 2587-12, female 521 mm TL, 202 mm BDL, CSIRO H 2587-14, female 474 mm TL, 252 mm BDL, CSIRO H 2587-15, female 422 mm TL, 194 mm BDL, southwest of Shark Bay, 27°08.8’ S, 112°44.8’ E, 370–438 m depth, 2 Feb 1991; CSIRO H 2590-08, adult male 613 mm TL, 328 mm BDL, CSIRO H 2590-09, adult male 658 mm TL, 337 mm BDL, CSIRO H 2590-10, adult male 664 mm TL, 392 mm BDL, CSIRO H 2590-13 (tissue accession GN10962; Genbank accession EU398878 ), female 581 mm TL, 298 mm BDL, CSIRO H 2590-14 (tissue accession GN10988; Genbank accession EU398880 ), male 644 mm TL, 375 mm BDL, CSIRO H 2590-15, adult male 581 mm TL, 342 mm BDL, west of Leander Point, 29°15.8’ S, 113°56.8’ E, 320–325 m depth, 6 Feb 1991; CSIRO H 2591-03, female 277 mm TL, 121 mm BDL, CSIRO H 2591-12, female 481 mm TL, 211 mm BDL, west of Leander Point, 29°20.5’ S, 113°58.3’ E, 490–505 m depth, 6 Feb 1991; CSIRO H 2898-01, female 527 mm TL, 251 mm BDL, southwest of Rowley Shoals, 18°03.8’ S, 118°16.3’ E, 357–361 m depth, 26 Sep 1991; CSIRO H 3071-04, adult male 721 mm TL, 360 mm BDL, southwest of Geraldton, 29°14.2’ S, 113°52.2’ E, 556 m depth, 28 Jan 1989; CSIRO H 3222-04, adult male 631 mm TL, 325 mm BDL, north of Dampier Archipelago, 19°12.1’ S, 116°25.2’ E, 190–203 m depth, 11 Oct 1990; CSIRO H 4031-03 (tissue accession GN10963; Genbank accession DQ108124 ), female 671 mm TL, 380 mm BDL, CSIRO H 4031-84, adult male 607 mm TL, 340 mm BDL, CSIRO H 4031-85, adult male 656 mm TL, 356 mm BDL, north of Cape Lambert, 18°58.2’ S, 117°12.1’ E, 248–253 m depth, 30 Aug 1995; CSIRO H 4664-32, female 428 mm TL, 195 mm BDL, Rowley Shoals area, 17°38.9’ S, 119°00.3’ E, 310 m depth, 31 Aug 1997; CSIRO H 5188-10, female 527 mm TL, 267 mm BDL, CSIRO H 5188-11, female 487 mm TL, 194 mm BDL, CSIRO H 5188-12, female 409 mm TL, 193 mm BDL, north of Dampier Archipelago, 19°11.14’ S, 116°16.05’ E, 256 m depth, 27 Oct 1998; CSIRO H 5194-01, female 432 mm TL, 260 mm BDL, CSIRO H 5194-02, female 454 mm TL, 214 mm BDL, southeast of Rowley Shoals, 17°40.57’ S, 119°40.57’ E, 235 m depth, 9 Nov 1998; CSIRO H 5196-01, juvenile male 526 mm TL, 256 mm BDL, north of Dampier Archipelago, 19°12.30’ S, 116°20.70’ E, 220 m depth, 17 Oct 1998; CSIRO H 7242-01, female 144 mm TL, 72 mm BDL, west of Perth, 31°36.53’ S, 114°58.86’ E, 329–370 m depth, 19 Nov 2005; NMV 29673-004 (tissue accession GN10960; Genbank accession KY260648 ), northwest of Cape Leveque, 14°53.28’ S, 121°36.12’ E, 285 m depth, 27 Jun 2007.

Papua New Guinea (2 specimens): NTUM 10332 (tissue accession GN17213), juvenile male 362 mm TL, 129 mm BDL, NTUM 10333 (tissue accession GN17214), female 287 mm TL, 109 mm BDL, west of Kairiru Island, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, 3°20’S, 143°28’E, 378–495 m depth, 19 Dec 2012.

Indonesia (16 specimens): CSIRO H 5691-02, female 800 mm TL, 521 mm BDL, Kedonganan fish market, Bali, Indonesia, 6 Jul 2001; CSIRO H 5860-15 (tissue accession GN11228; Genbank accession KY260654 ), adult male 599 mm TL, 419 mm BDL, CSIRO H 5860-16 (tissue accession GN11229; Genbank accession KY260643 ), adult male 658 mm TL, 406 mm BDL, Cilacap fishing port, Central Java, Indonesia, 22 Mar 2002; CSIRO H 5889- 32, adult male 705 mm TL, 514 mm BDL, CSIRO H 5889-33, female 850 mm TL, 481 mm BDL, CSIRO H 5889- 34, adult male 794 mm TL, 434 mm BDL, Kedonganan fish market, Bali, Indonesia, Jul 2002; MZB 15111, female 663 mm TL, MZB 15112 (tissue accession GN11230; Genbank accession KY260626 ), female 630 mm TL, Cilacap fishing port, Central Java, Indonesia, 22 Mar 2002; CSIRO H 6410-04 (tissue accession GN10965; Genbank accession KY260634 ), adult male 736 mm TL, 346 mm BDL, west of Shark Bay, Western Australia, 25°31.5’ S, 112°11.2’ E, 256–326 m depth, 22 Apr 2006; CSIRO H 6570-01 (tissue accession GN10966; Genbank accession KY260638 ), female 668 mm TL, 312 mm BDL, northwest of Cape Leveque, Western Australia, 14°59.42’ S, 121°39.15’ E, 187–206 m depth, 26 Jun 2007; CSIRO H 6571-12 (tissue accession GN10967; Genbank accession KY260629 ), adult male 639 mm TL, 318 mm BDL, CSIRO H 6571-13 (tissue accession GN10968; Genbank accession KY260641 ), adult male 610 mm TL, 327 mm BDL, northwest of Cape Leveque, Western Australia, 15°00.86’ S, 121°38.13’ E, 205–211 m depth, 26 Jun 2007; CSIRO H 6574-19 (tissue accession GN10969; Genbank accession KY260635 ), female 824 mm TL, 481 mm BDL, northwest of Cape Leveque, Western Australia, 14°50.81’ S, 121°26.44’ E, 382–401 m depth, 26 Jun 2007; CSIRO H 6579-13 (tissue accession GN10970; Genbank accession KY260649 ), adult male 645 mm TL, 353 mm BDL, northwest of Cape Leveque, Western Australia, 14°53.49’ S, 121°33.91’ E, 285–302 m depth, 27 Jun 2007; CSIRO H 6581-26 (tissue accession GN10971; Genbank accession KY260625 ), female 517 mm TL, 339 mm BDL, northwest of Cape Leveque, Western Australia, 14°58.69’ S, 121°40.18’ E, 191–202 m depth, 28 Jun 2007; CSIRO H 7774-02, female 907 mm TL, 483 mm BDL, Tanjung Luar fish market, Lombok, Indonesia, 14 Jul 2005; not retained (Genbank accessions DQ108124 , DQ108125 , DQ108117 and DQ108118 ), north of Cape Lambert, Western Australia, 18°57’ S, 117°14’ E, 248 m depth, 30 Aug 1995.

Diagnosis. Chimaera ogilbyi is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: no anal fin; lateral line with tight sinuous undulations; moderately long, narrow snout; relatively thick, nondeciduous skin; uniformly silvery greyish dorsally and laterally, paler ventrally; first dorsal fin mostly uniformly dark; second dorsal fin even height for whole length; preopercular and oral lateral line canals usually not sharing a common branch; dorsal spine long, usually longer than first dorsal fin; claspers slender, trifurcate, divided for more than half their length, not bulbous distally.

Description. Trunk very short and slightly compressed; deep groove on interdorsal space which partly receives depressed first dorsal fin; a low membrane connects soft elements of first and second dorsal fins; precaudal tail tapering evenly from pelvic fins to caudal base; anal insertion usually connected to ventral origin of caudal fin by a very low membrane. Skin smooth, leathery, relatively thick; usually intact, not deciduous. Dermal denticles absent.

Snout moderately long, preorbital snout 6.8 in lectotype (4.9–7.2 in other specimens) in body length; tip broadly pointed in lateral view, narrowly pointed in dorsoventral view. Postorbital head compressed. Eyes moderately large, horizontally oval, parallel to body axis (not directed anterodorsally); horizontal length 3.6 (3.4– 4.7) in head length, vertical height 0.7 (0.5–0.7) times horizontal length; almost lateral on head (very slightly dorsolateral), without subocular ledges. Gill openings large, broadly separated, with prominent posterior flap which stands outwards from base of head and forms a short tube with rear end of gill cover. Gular flap between gill openings low. Nostrils, lips and mouth slightly expanded below ventral contour of snout. Nostrils with incurrent apertures close together on underside of snout located close to mouth, separated by a narrow septum; a deep blind dermal pocket between incurrent apertures; anterior nasal flaps extending posteriorly from incurrent apertures lateral to tooth plates of upper jaw and delimiting ventromedial surfaces of nasal cavities; nasal cavities delimited ventrolaterally by high, narrow, longitudinal vertical flap with a lobular distal end; excurrent apertures posterior to incurrent apertures and vertical flap, lateral to tooth plates of upper jaw, and inside pockets formed by large upper labial folds.

Mouth narrow, short; upper labial folds and furrows prominent; upper and lower furrows deep; lower lip with a deep pocket between mandibular tooth plates and its outer edge. Upper anterior tooth plates (vomerine tooth plates) small, incisor-like with 8–10 tritor rods visible (sometimes very weakly defined); posterior upper tooth plates (palatine) with 3 prominent tritor pads on wear surface, up to 8 prominent weak tritor rods on anterior margins; lower tooth plates (mandibular) incisor like with 3 or 4 tritor rods visible at the beak like tip, and more than 8 tritor rods visible posteriorly; upper anterior and lower tooth plates pale yellowish, upper posterior tooth plates pale greyish to yellowish.

Lateral line canal originating at fork between occipital and otic head canals at level of upper eye; notched anteriorly, then strongly elevated below first dorsal spine, extending posteriorly with tight sinuous undulations, becoming slightly wavy below anterior half of second dorsal-fin base, nearly straight posterior to second dorsal-fin mid base; line directed strongly posteroventrally to ventral margin of tail just posterior to origin of dorsal caudal lobe; line running along ventral margin of tail to caudal filament. Occipital canals short, only slightly longer than half eye length, directed anterodorsally, arched posteriorly, united to supratemporal and supraorbital canals about half distance between eye and dorsal-fin spine origin, near dorsal margin of head when viewed laterally. Supratemporal canals short, curved anteriorly, united at dorsal midline about half an eye length forward of dorsalfin spine. Supraorbital canal extending anteriorly from supratemporal junction, curving slightly anteroventrally then becoming straight parallel to dorsal margin of eye, strongly notched slightly forward of eye, following profile of snout tip apically to join infraorbital canal. Otic canal longer than occipital canal, slightly longer than eye, united to infraorbital and origin of oral and preopercular canals below hind margin of eye. Preopercular and oral canals connected separately from infraorbital-otic junction, not sharing a common branch. Preopercular canal extending posteroventrally; terminating at about mid gill. Oral canal short, extending very slightly anteroventrally, divided into mandibular and angular canals below posterior 2/3 of eye. Mandibular canal extending slightly ventrolaterally, almost straight, joined to post-oral pores near mouth. Angular canal directed slightly anteroventrally, with prominent sensory pores, divided into nasal and subrostral canals near ventral margin of snout when viewed laterally; nasal canals strongly arched ventrally, then directed anterodorsally to unite on midline of snout slightly more than a nostril length from nostril; subrostral canal parallel to anterior portion of nasal canal. Infraorbital canal long, from otic junction following ventral contour of eye; forming a prominent S-shaped, double loop forward of eye; united to supraorbital canal close to snout tip near ventral midline of snout. Ampulla pores, not particularly numerous, present anterior to occipital and mandibular canals, at angle of infraorbital and oral canals, below upper margin of infraorbital canal, and concentrated on snout tip.

Dorsal-fin spine long, mostly straight, about subequal (slightly taller or slightly shorter in some specimens) to first dorsal-fin anterior margin; spine length 1.2 (1.1–1.4) in head length, (0.9–1.4) times first dorsal fin height; origin over pectoral-fin origin; anterior margin of spine forming a very narrow keel, not serrated; upper half of posterior margin of spine finely serrated. Soft portion of first dorsal fin with a relatively short base, subequal to snout length; posterior margin of fin moderately concave.

Second dorsal long-based, margin not incised centrally, mostly uniform in height, length of longest elements about two thirds eye length, base length 73.4 (69.7–79.1)% BDL; origin posterior of midpoint of depressed dorsalfin spine; united to upper lobe of caudal fin by a low membrane.

Pectoral fins very long, broad, not falcate; anterior margin moderately convex distally; apex narrowly pointed to narrowly rounded; posterior margin almost straight to weakly concave; inner margin, free rear tip and ventral portion of posterior margin broadly rounded; anterior margin 35.8–48.5% BDL; apex when laid adpressed to body usually extending well posterior to insertion of pelvic fin. Pelvic fin large, broadly triangular; anterior margin convex; apex angular; posterior margin, free rear tip and inner margin broadly convex.

Frontal tenaculum of adult male with a relatively short, broad neck (about equal to nostril opening), and a prominent distal knob; distal knob with 8 longitudinal rows of up to 8 large, pointed, relatively slender, posteriorly directed, unicuspidate spines on its sides and ventral surface. Pelvic claspers of adult males large, broad, extending well posterior to distal edge of the pelvic fins; trifurcate; forked for the distal 1/2 to 2/3 of their length, with slightly bulbous, pale yellowish tips covered in fine denticles. Prepelvic tenaculae of adult male blade-like, concealed in pouches anterior to the pelvic fins, with about 9 very stout, pointed denticles along the medial edge. Large females with fleshy anal pad posterior to the cloaca, lacking in males.

Caudal fin short, much lower than second dorsal fin, margins of dorsal and ventral lobes moderately convex; dorsal and ventral lobes subequal in height; origin of ventral lobe difficult to ascertain, joins with a fleshy ridge which extends anteriorly to about level with mid second dorsal-fin base; caudal filament very long (when undamaged), slender.

Colour. Preserved specimens: Silvery to pale greyish or brownish dorsally and laterally, paler ventrally; dorsal surface of body above lateral line often somewhat marbled or with pale longitudinal stripes (may be distinct or faint and poorly differentiated); juveniles usually with more distinct dark longitudinal stripes on body (some juveniles more uniformly silver); first dorsal fin uniformly blackish or with outer half blackish and basal portion slightly paler (somewhat variable across all specimens); dorsal spine yellowish or greyish; pectoral fins greyish to brownish usually with broad, dusky posterior margins; pelvic fins greyish with whitish posterior margins; second dorsal fin pale basally, upper quarter to half of fin dark greyish to blackish; dorsal caudal lobe greyish, often darker distally; ventral caudal lobe mostly dark greyish with a narrow, pale basal marking; caudal filament white; claspers uniformly pale yellowish. When fresh: Silvery dorsally and laterally, white ventrally; markings on fins more prominent.

Size. Largest specimen examined was a female 602 mm BDL (1037 mm TL); largest male examined was 450 mm BDL (904 mm TL). Smallest mature male was 325 mm BDL (631 mm TL), largest adolescent male was also 325 mm BDL (658 mm TL). Thus, males mature at about 325 mm BDL.

Distribution. Found in the Indo-Australasian region ( Fig. 8 ) in depths of 139–872 m (mostly 200–500 m). In Australia, recorded from off Queensland Plateau (~17° S, 151° E) south to off New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, east to South Australia and Western Australia north to the Arafura Sea off the Northern Territory (~10° S, 130° E). In Indonesia, recorded from fish landing sites at Cilacap in Central Java, Bali, and Lombok. In Papua New Guinea, recorded from the East Sepik province.

Etymology. Waite (1898) named this species after James Douglas Ogilby (1853–1925) in recognition of the research he had undertaken on the fishes of Australia.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Neighbour-joining tree of nucleotide sequence divergence at the barcoding region of the COI using the Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distance generated by BOLD (Barcode of Life Database) for Chimaera ogilbyi and its closest congener, Chimaera argiloba. Individual sequences labelled with the OTU's used in this paper. Scale bar represents 2% K2P distance. GenBank accession numbers are listed.

FIGURE 2. Neighbour-joining tree topology using Kimura 2 Parameter distance based on nucleotide sequence divergence in aligned nucleotide NADH2 sequences for Chimaera ogilbyi and closely related species. Outgroup is represented by Rhinochimaera atlantica and Harriotta raleighana. Sequence labels arebased on operational taxonomic units defined in paper. GenBank accession numbers follow sequence labels. Scale bar represents 2% K2P distance.

FIGURE 3. Lateral view of the lectotype (AMS I.3736) of Chimaera ogilbyi (female 500 mm BDL). Photo: Mark Allen © AustralianMuseum.

FIGURE 4. Lateral view of the holotype (AMS E.3591) of Phasmichthys lemures (female 212 mm BDL). Photo: Mark Allen © Australian Museum.

FIGURE 5. Lateral view of the four OTU's of Chimaera ogilbyi: (A) Hydrolagus lemures; (B) Hydrolagus ogilbyi (CSIRO H 7060-05, female 479 mm BDL); (C) Hydrolagus cf lemures (CSIRO H 7774-02, female 483 mm BDL); and (D) Hydrolagus sp. PNG (NTUM 10333, female 109 mm BDL).

FIGURE6. Lateral view of juvenileChimaera ogilbyi from off Victoria highlighting colour variation in juveniles: (A) CSIRO H 3522-07, female 232 mm BDL; (B) CSIROH 3690-08, female 173 mm BDL.

FIGURE7. Lateralanterior view of Chimaera ogilbyi (CSIRO H 7060-05, female 479mm BDL)highlighting the wavylateral line, a distinguishing feature of this group.

FIGURE 8. Map of the Indo-Australasian region showing the collection localities for the Chimaera ogilbyi specimens examined in this study. The coloured circles represent the specimens of the four OTU's which have supporting molecular data (yellow = Hydrolagus lemures; green = Hydrolagus ogilbyi; red = Hydrolagus cf lemures; blue = Hydrolagus sp. PNG). The yellow star and green star denote theprimary types of H.lemures and H.ogilbyi, respectively.The white diamonds denoteother specimenswithout supporting molecular data.(Image © NASA, TerraMetrics, Google Earth).