Hypselodoris katherinae, Gosliner & Johnson, 2018

Epstein, Hannah E., Hallas, Joshua M., Johnson, Rebecca Fay, Lopez, Alessandra & Gosliner, Terrence M., 2018, Reading between the lines: revealing cryptic species diversity and colour patterns in Hypselodoris nudibranchs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Chromodorididae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 20 (1), pp. 1-74 : 31-33

HYPSELODORIS KATHERINAE GOSLINER & JOHNSON SP. NOV.

(FIGS 1G–I, 2H, 13C, 17)

LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F501859D-DC12-4156-A465-307918472727

Hypselodoris sp. 3 Gosliner et al., 2008: 265, top photograph.

Hypselodoris sp. 4 Gosliner et al., 2008: 265, second photograph.

Hypselodoris sp. 8 Gosliner et al., 2015: 259, top right photograph.

Hypselodoris sp. 9 Gosliner et al., 2015: 259, middle left photograph.

Type material

Holotype: CASIZ 176771 , subsampled for molecular study, dissected, Pulau Chebeh , off NW tip of Tioman Island, eastern Malaysia, 5 October 2007, T. Gosliner.

Paratypes: CASIZ 176772 , one specimen, subsampled for molecular study, Batu Sepoi, off SW coast of Tioman Island , eastern Malaysia, 4 October 2007 ; CASIZ 177532 , molecular sample of CASIZ 176772 , same locality and date . CASIZ 176773 , two specimens, Nichi Asu Maru wreck, off Kuantan , east coast of Malaysia, 6 October 2007 , T. Gosliner. CASIZ 176774 , one specimen, Tiger Point, Pulau Tioman , eastern Malaysia, 2 October 2007 , T. Gosliner. CASIZ 175728 , two specimens, Nichi Asu Maru wreck, off Kuantan , east coast of Malaysia, 6 October 2007 , T. Gosliner. CASIZ 181300 , one specimen, subsampled for molecular study, Mainit Bubbles, 13.6880278°N, 120.95809°E, Calumpan Peninsula , Mabini, Batangas, Luzon Island, Philippines, 20 May 2009 , T. Gosliner. CASIZ 181251 , two specimens, Mainit Bubbles, 13.6880278°N, 120.95809°E, Calumpan Peninsula , Mabini, Batangas, Luzon Island, Philippines, 21 May 2009 , T. Gosliner. CASIZ 181227 , one specimen, M a i n i t B u b b l e s, 1 3.6 8 8 0 2 7 8° N, 1 2 0.9 5 8 0 9°E, Calumpan Peninsula , Mabini, Batangas, Luzon Island, Philippines, 21 May 2009 , T. Gosliner. CASIZ 177532 , one specimen, Mainit Bubbles, 13.6880278°N, 120.95809°E, Calumpan Peninsula , Mabini, Batangas, Luzon Island, Philippines, 21 March 2008 , T. Gosliner.

Type locality

Pulau Chebeh, off NW tip of Tioman Island, eastern Malaysia.

Geographical distribution

Known from the Philippines, eastern Malaysia and Indonesia ( Gosliner et al., 2008).

Etymology

This species is named for Katherine Piatek, Senior Program Manager of the Institute of Biodiversity Science and Sustainability at the California Academy of Sciences, who has provided immense support for the research undertaken in the Philippines. Her assistance has been crucial to the successful completion of many research expeditions.

Description

External morphology: Living animals ( Fig. 1 G–I) moderately large, 20–32 mm in length. Body long, slender, translucent pink to peach. Fine parallel or intersecting red longitudinal lines or interrupted dashes on notum sides of body and foot. Large, scattered opaque white tubercles on notum of larger individuals. Scattered bluepurple spots found around margin of notum and foot, forming continuous line in some specimens. Pigment more dense in centre of spot. Seven to nine unipinnate gill branches having a translucent white base and inner margin and bright red–orange pigment on inner and outer surfaces of rachis and some gill filaments. Bulb of perfoliate rhinophores mostly red–orange, with some translucent white on anterior face. Bulb with eight to 16 congested lamellae. Base of rhinophores red anteriorly, with opaque white on posterior face.

Mantle glands: Subcutaneous mantle glands simple and rounded in shape ( Fig. 2H ). Glands situated around entire margin of anterior and posterior ends in two specimens examined (CASIZ 177532, CASIZ 176771). Few scattered lateral glands also present. Anterior and posterior glands larger than lateral ones.

Buccal armature: Muscular portion of buccal mass about equal in length to oral tube. Chitinous labial cuticle found at anterior end of muscular portion of the buccal mass bearing numerous jaw rodlets ( Fig. 17A ). Rodlets narrow and acutely pointed anteriorly, with single apex ( Fig. 17B ). Radular formula of holotype (CASIZ 176771) 55 × 53.0.53, and 61 × 67.0. 67 in one paratype (CASIZ 181251; Fig. 17C ). Rachidian row of teeth absent ( Fig. 17D ). Innermost lateral teeth having one to three triangular denticles on inner side of bifid primary cusp, with another one or two denticles on the outside. Next several laterals lacking inner triangular denticles but possessing one to three denticles on outer side of primary bifid cusps. Midlateral teeth ( Fig. 17E ) all lacking inner denticles but having three to five sharply pointed, triangular outer denticles. Outermost teeth having a narrower base and somewhat shorter tooth shape, with four to seven rounded to pointed outer denticles ( Fig. 17F ).

Reproductive system: Reproductive organs fully mature in one specimen examined (CASIZ 176771; Fig. 13C ). Ampulla thick, tubular, narrowing somewhat before bifurcating into oviduct and vas deferens. Short oviduct entering female gland mass near albumen gland. Prostatic proximal portion of vas deferens convoluted, curved and thick, covering bursa copulatrix. Vas deferens narrowing slightly as it transitions into long, convoluted, muscular ejaculatory portion. Ejaculatory portion widening into enlarged penial bulb. Penial papilla distinctly curved with broad base, devoid of penial hooks. Penial bulb adjacent to thick, slightly narrower vaginal duct at common gonopore. Female gland mass consisting of large mucous gland and small membrane and albumen glands. Large, lobate vestibular gland situated near exit of mucous gland. Vagina thick, curved, leading to minute receptaculum seminis and larger spherical, thin-walled receptaculum seminis. Receptaculum situated near base of bursa. Moderately short, narrow uterine duct emerging from vagina distal to base of bursa and female gland mass, near albumen gland.

Remarks

Hypselodoris katherinae is a member of a large clade that includes H. skyleri sp. nov., H. paradisa sp. nov., H. maritima, H. rudmani Gosliner & Johnson, 1999 and H. bertschi Gosliner & Johnson, 1999 . It is sister to H. paradisa and H. skyleri . The ABGD analysis indicates that H. katherinae is clearly distinct from H. skyleri and H. paradisa . All three species have longitudinal lines, but they are opaque white in H. paradisa and brown in H. skyleri . Hypselodoris katherinae is unique among described members of Hypselodoris in having longitudinal red lines or dashes. In H. paradisa and H. skyleri there are additional opaque white spots that are absent in H. katherinae . Hypselodoris paradisa also has minute black spots that are absent in the other two species. The three species also differ in the ornamentation of the rhinophores. All three have red pigment on the rhinophores, but in H. katherinae there are no distinct rings, whereas there are two rings in H.paradisa and three rings in H. skyleri . In H.katherinae and H. paradisa there are only a few lateral mantle glands, whereas they are largely continuous in the many specimens of H. skyleri examined.

The jaw rodlets of H. katherinae have only a single cusp, whereas there may be one or two cusps in H. paradisa and one to three cusps in H. skyleri . The radulae of H. katherinae , H. paradisa and H. skyleri all have a similar formula and teeth of a similar shape.

The reproductive system is similar in all three species. In H. katherinae , the vagina is elongate and uniformly wide. In H. paradisa , the vagina is short and uniformly wide, and H. skyleri has a relatively thin, elongate vagina, where the portion below the bursa copulatrix is much wider. All three species, together with the sister clade including H. maritima, H. bertschi and H. rudmani , have a much wider penial bulb than is found in other species of Hypselodoris ( Gosliner & Johnson, 1999; present study). In H. katherinae , the penial papilla is curved with a broad base, whereas it is blunt and discoidal in H. paradisa and conical in H. skyleri . The penis of H. rudmani is unique in having a ring of muscular plates at the apex of the papilla.

Figures

Figure 1. Living animals. A, Hypselodoris alburtuqali Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 192295, holotype, Saudi Arabia. B, Hypselodoris brycei Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., WAM S96082, holotype, Montebello Islands, Western Australia, photograph by Nerida Wilson. C, Hypselodoris cerisae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., specimen from Hachijo Island, Japan, Nishina Masayoshi. D, Hypselodoris confetti Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 191070, Papua New Guinea, photograph by J. Goodheart. E, Hypseldoris ghardaqana (Gohar & Abu-Ela, 1957), CASIZ 192282, Saudi Arabia. F, Hypselodoris juniperae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 177550, Radama Islands, Madagascar. G, Hypselodoris katherinae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 176773, eastern Peninsular Malaysia. H, H. katherinae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 177532, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines. I, H. katherinae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 181300, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines. All photographs by T. Gosliner unless otherwise indicated.

Figure 2. Mantle glands. A, Hypselodoris alburtuqali Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 192295, holotype. B, Hypselodoris cerisae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype, CASIZ 178350. C, Hypselodoris confetti Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 191070. D, Hypselodoris decorata (Risbec, 1928), CASIZ 184316. E, Hypselodoris ghardaqana (Gohar & Abu-Ela, 1957), CASIZ 192282. F, Hypselodoris iba Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041279.

Figure 13. Reproductive systems. A, Hypselodoris ghardaqana (Gohar & Aboul-Ela, 1957), CASIZ 192282, scale bar: 3.5 mm. B, Hypselodoris iba Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 177777, scale bar: 3.0 mm. C, Hypselodoris katherinae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 181257, scale bar: 1.0 mm. D, Hypselodoris lacuna Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov.,

Figure 17. Hypselodoris katherinae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., paratype, CASIZ 181251, buccal armature. A, entire jaw. B, jaw rodlets. C, whole radula. D, inner lateral teeth. E, middle lateral teeth. F, outer lateral teeth.