Salvia heterotricha Fernald (1900: 500)

González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe & Gama-Villanueva, Olga Jazmín, 2013, Resurrection of Salvia species (Lamiaceae) recently synonymized in Flora Mesoamericana, Phytotaxa 151 (1), pp. 1-24 : 7-9

Salvia heterotricha Fernald (1900: 500) . Type: MEXICO. Jalisco. Zapopan: Río Blanco , June–October 1886 ,

E. Palmer 53 [lectotype GH!, isolectotype BM, F, MEXU!, MO, NY!, PH, US!; lectotype designated by Epling

(1939)]. Fig. 5 A–C .

Salvia heterotricha var. multinervia Fernald (1900: 501) . Type: MEXICO. Nayarit: between Acaponeta and Pedro Paulo, 2 August 1897, J. N. Rose 1934 (holotype US!) .

Perennial herb, erect, (10–) 20–60 cm tall, often tuberous roots; stems hispid with a mix of glandular-capitate and eglandular hairs. Leaves sessile; leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, (1.8–)3–7.8(–10) × 0.2–0.9) cm, acute at the apex, attenuated and then truncate at the base, margin entire, glabrous or sparsely covered with appressed hairs on both surfaces. Inflorescences in racemes (8–) 14.5–21 cm long, with (5–)7–11 verticillasters each, these (2–)4–6-flowered, lowermost 2–3.2 cm apart, floral axis hirsute with a mix of glandular-capitate and eglandular hairs. Floral bract ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3–4.6(–16.7) × 1.8–3.3(–4) mm, persistent, acute at the apex, truncate at the base, margin entire, diffusely covered with appressed hairs and sessile glandular dots, ciliated and bordered with glandular-capitate hairs at the margin. Flowers with pedicels 2.5–3 mm long, hirsute with both glandular-capitate and eglandular hairs. Calyx 5.5–7.1(–10) mm long, 3.7–4.1(–5.5) mm wide at the throat, green, hirsute with glandular-capitate and eglandular hairs, covered with sessile amber glandular dots, internally puberulent to verrucose, upper lip 5-veined, entire, lobes of the lips acute. Corolla sky blue to purple with white nectar guides on the lower lip (rarely completely white); corolla tube (6–) 6.7–8.3 mm long, 3.2–4.1(–4.8) mm wide at the throat, slightly ventricose and constrained at the base, internally epapillate; upper lip 4–7 mm long, lower lip 8.5–13.9 × (5.2–) 8.2–12.5 mm, deflexed. Stamens 2, included; filament 2.2–2.8 mm long; connective 5.1–7 mm long, ornate with a retrorse acute tooth, or sometimes this absent; theca 1.7–2.2 mm long; a pair of staminodes above and behind filament attachment to the corolla. Gynobasic horn 1.1–1.2 mm long; style 11.9–15.8 mm long, pilose at the apex, lower stigmatic branch acute. Mericarp ovoid, 2.6–2.8 × 1.4–1.6 mm, pale brown, smooth and glabrous.

Distribution, habitat and phenology: Salvia heterotricha is endemic to western Mexico, growing only in the states of Jalisco, Nayarit and Zacatecas. (fig. 6). It dwells mainly in oak, pine-oak and oak-pine forests, but it can be occasionally found in tropical deciduous forests, grasslands or secondary vegetation, from (600–)1500–2000(–2550) m elevation. It shares habitat with the trees Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., A. pennatula , Agarista mexicana (Hemsl.) Judd. , Arbutus xalapensis Kunth , Bejaria aestuans Mutis ex L., Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, Clethra rosei Britton , Pinus devoniana Lindl. , P. lumholtzii B.L.Rob. & Fernald , P. oocarpa Shiede & Schltdl. , Quercus coccolobifolia Trel. , Q. grisea Liebm. , Q. magnoliifolia , Q. potosina Trel. , Q. resinosa Liebm. , Q. viminea Trel. , and the herbs Bletia adenocarpa Rchb. f., Chloris virgata Sw. , Dahlia pugana Aarón Rodr. & Art.Castro , Desmodium angustifolium (Kunth) DC. , Euphorbia macropus (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. , E. sphaerorhiza Benth. , Iostephane heterophylla (Cav.) Hemsl. , Lolium perenne L., Salvia angustiarum Epling , S. firma Fernald , S. lavanduloides Kunth , and Tigridia dugesii S.Watson. It can flower and fructify through whole the year, but more frequently from July to September.

Discussion: Salvia heterotricha was regarded as a synonym of S. reptans (fig 5 D and E) in Flora Mesoamericana ( Klitgaard 2012). However, this species differs from S,. reptans by 3 distinctive characters, the roots are tuberous instead of slender and delicate, leaves are clearly opposite instead of pseudo-whorled (fascicles of several leaves developed in the leaf axils at each node throughout the plant; fig. 5 E), and the inflorescences are covered with mixed glandular-capitate and eglandular hairs (2–3 mm long), hence the specific epithet heterotricha , different hairs, contrasting with the hispidulous (hairs less than 1 mm long) and without glandular hairs of S. reptans . Peterson (1978) conducted a revision of section Farinaceae , which embraces both species, she distinguished them in base to the same characters of the roots, leaf distribution and inflorescence pubescence; moreover, she highlighted the difference in ecological preferences between them, the first growing in well drained calcareous soils, and the other in wet volcanic soils, usually at the edge of little ponds and creeks. Turner (2008) in a more recent analysis of the section also recognizes both species. Salvia heterotricha is restricted to western Mexico (fig. 6), while S. reptans extends from southern United States of America to Guatemala.

Representative specimens examined ( Salvia heterotricha ): MEXICO. Jalisco. Mezquitic: Los Lirios, 1.6 km al S de San Andrés Cohamiata , 130–140 km al SW de Huejuquilla, 22º10’18.54”N 104º14’15.65”W, 1943 m, 4 September 2012, J. G . González-G. et al. 1273 ( IBUG!). San Martín Bolaños: Las Vidrieras , 10 km al NW de El Platanar, 2450 m, 1 September 1968, J . Rzedowski 26174 ( MICH!). Tequila : cerro de Tequila, 2400 m, 14 July 1971, R . González-T. 271 ( ENCB!, MICH!). Zapopan : La Primavera, 30 km al O de Guadalajara, 1700 m, 27 July 1965, J . Rzedowski 20259 ( ENCB!); cerro El Tepopote, aproximadamente 3.2 km al NO de Venta del Astillero , aproximadamente 13 km an línea recta al O del extremo occidental de Guadalajara , 20.751148º’N 103.563266º’W, 1813 m, 26 July 2012, J. G . González-G. et al. 1226 (IBUG!). Nayarit. Acaponeta : 1–2 km al SE de Mesa de Pedro-Pablo, por la vereda a pie a San Blasito, 6 August 1987, O . Téllez-V. et al. 10690 ( MEXU!). Del Nayar: 4 miles of La Ciénega on ridge aobut 5 miles NW of Mesa del Nayar, 29 July 1970, D. H . Norris & D. J . Taranto 14233 ( MEXU!) . Zacatecas. General Enrique Estrada: cerro La Antorcha, Sierra El Laurel, W slopes of Cerro La Antorcha, ca. 9 km ESE of La Higuera (La Higuera is along hwy 70, ca 16 km SW of Calvillo, 21º41.8’N - 102º46’W, 2300–2800 m, 14 July 1999, M. Provance et al. 1512 ( MEXU!). Tlaltenango de Sánchez Román : aproximadamente 38 km al W de Jalpa , sobre la carretera a Tlaltenango, 30 km del entronque con la carretera Jalpa-Juchipila, 2550 m, 21 October 1973, J. Rzedowski & R. McVaugh 969 ( ENCB!, MEXU!, MICH!).

Representative specimens examined ( Salvia reptans ): MEXICO. Aguascalientes. Calvillo: Los Alisos , 2050 m, 7 January 1981, C . Cuéllar-R. 35 (HUAA!). Colima. Cuauhtémoc: Cerro Colorado , 2 km al E del poblado Cerro Colorado , 990 m, 23 August 1984, F. J . Santana-M. & N. Cervantes-A. 588 (IBUG!, WIS!). Distrito Federal. Magadalena Contreras: Contreras , 14 June 1925, H . Yoshida 112 ( IBUG!) . Estado de México. Acambay: 4.6 km al S de Acambay, alrededores de la caseta de cobro Acambay, autopista Arco Norte , 19º54’47”N 99º51’7”W, 2515 m, 24 August 2011, P . Carrillo-R. 6436 (IBUG!). Morelos. Tepozotlán: presa de La Concepción , 2400 m, 23 September 1979, T . Estrada 11827 ( GUADA!) . Guanajuato. Ciudad Manuel Doblado: 6 km al NE de Ayo , 1850 m, 30 July 1975, H . Puig 6292 ( ENCB!) . Jalisco. Arandas : 4.5 km N of the road summint above Atotonilco , 3 km S of junction of Arandas-Tepatitlán road, 1930 m, 30 August 1990, R . McVaugh 26624 ( CHAPA!, MICH!). Lagos de Moreno : 11 miles SE of Lagos de Moreno, 16 August 1967, U. T . Waterfall & C. S . Wallis 13874 ( UC!) . Michoacán. Jiquilpan: lower N-facing slopes of Cerro Santa María, 8–10 km SW of Jiquilpan and 5 km NE of Quitupan (Jalisco), 2000 m, 5 August 1959, C . Feddema 2 ( MICH!). Marcos Castellanos: La Arena, 2100 m, 21 July 1988, I . García-R. 1926 ( IEB!). Tangamandapio: 10 km al SW de Jacona , carretera Jacona-Los Reyes, 1770 m, 23 August 1980, J . Soto-N. et al 2430 (MEXU!). Nayarit. Tepic : wet meadows near the highway, 12 miles SE of Tepic. Zacatecas. Atolinga: Carrito Polón , 21º48’50”N 103º25’19.8”W, 2079 m, 17 October 2002, J. J . Balleza-C. & M. Adame-G. 14517 (Herbario de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas!). Tlaltenango de Sánchez Román : cerca de Teúl, 1900 m, 27 July 2010, J . Padilla-L. 185 ( IBUG!). Valparaiso: 24 km of Valparaiso along road to Huejuquilla El Alto, 2256 m, 6 September 1984, D. E . Breedlove 61369 ( MEXU!) .

Figures

FIGURE 5. Salvia heterotricha, A) apical portion showing the typical corolla color and the insertion of the leaves, B) variant with violet to purple corolas, C) variant with white corollas. Salvia reptans, D) flowers, E.) pseudo-whorled insertion of the leaves (pictures A and C taken by J.G. González-Gallegos; B, C and D by A. Castro-Castro).