Stizocera Audinet-Serville, 1834

Taboada-Verona, Carlos & Botero, Juan Pablo, 2020, A new species of Stizocera Audinet-Serville, 1834 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Colombia with an updated key to species of the genus and new geographical records in Cerambycinae, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60, pp. 1-8 : 4-6

Identification key for species of Stizocera Audinet-Serville, 1834 (translated and modified from Martins, 2005)

1. Sides of prothorax with tubercle or spine .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2

— Sides of prothorax unarmed................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15

2(1). Pronotum with transversal wrinkles;mesoventrite tuberculate. Brazil (Espírito Santo)......................................................... S.atiaia (Martins & Napp,1983)

— Pronotum without wrinkles or at most with fine striae centrally;mesoventrite without tubercle......................................................................................... 3

3(2). Pedicel and basal antennomeres contrasting with the scape color........................................................................................................................................4

— Pedicel and basal antennomeres not contrasting with scape color........................................................................................................................................5

4(3). Elytral macula distinctly surrounded by dark band. Cuba, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia (Bolívar, Valle del Cauca), Venezuela, French Guiana, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia), Bolivia (Santa Cruz)......................................................................................................................... S.poeyi (Guérin-Méneville,1838)

— Elytral macula not surrounded by dark band. Bolivia (Santa Cruz)........................................................................... S.boliviensis Galileo & Santos-Silva,2016

5(3). Elytra distinctly bicolorous,with dark area occupying large area........................................................................................................................................... 6

— Elytra unicolorous or at most with dark area occupying only sutural region or short apical area ...........................................................................................9

6(5). Prothorax distinctly dark ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

— Prothorax yellowish,orangish or reddish orange................................................................................................................................................................... 8

7(6). Elytral dark area placed only apically. Trinidad &Tobago................................................................................................................. S.howdeni Gilmour,1963

— Elytral dark area placed basally and apically. Paraguay,northern Argentina (Santa Fé)................................................................ S.wagneri (Gounelle,1913)

8(6). Femora entirely black....................................................................................................... S.ignea Martins,Santos-Silva,Galileo & Limeira-de-Oliveira,2014

— Femora not entirely black,bicolorous or mostly reddish brown. Brazil (Goiás,Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná)................ S.phtisica Gounelle,1909

9(5). Pronotum densely pubescent. Ecuador, Peru..................................................................................................................... S.suturalis (Martins & Napp,1992)

— Pronotum not pubescent..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

10(9). Elytra coarsely,abundantly punctate at least on basal half ................................................................................................................................................. 11

— Elytra finely,sparsely punctate or nearly smooth ................................................................................................................................................................ 14

11(10). Elytral apex shallowly emarginate. Cayman Islands...................................................................................................................... S.caymanensis Fisher,1941

— Elytral apex with outer angle distinctly spiniform ............................................................................................................................................................... 12

12(11). Spine of the antennomeres very short. Haiti.......................................................................................................................................... S.dozieri Fisher,1947

— Spine of the antennomeres long ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

13(12). Tibiae longitudinally carinate. USA (Florida),West Indies................................................................................................................. S.floridana Linsley,1949

— Tibiae not carinate. Cuba, Jamaica, Bahamas.................................................................................................................................. S.insulana (Gahan,1895)

14(10). Humeri black;femora unicolorous. Puerto Rico, Saint Croix, Virgin Islands.......................................................................... S.vanzwaluwenburgi Fisher,1932

— Humeri not black;femora bicolorous. Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro)........................................................... S.jassuara (Martins & Napp,1983)

15(1). Elytra with anterior fourth black, followed by a big yellowish or brownish area, a transversal yellowish band and with the posterior fourth black. Brazil (Santa Catarina), Bolivia (Tarija), Paraguay, Argentina (Catamarca, Tucumán, La Rioja, Santiago del Estero, Córdoba, Mendoza, San Luís, Santa Fé, Buenos Aires, Rio Negro)....................................................................................................................................................................... S.spinicornis (Fairmaire,1864)

— Different elytral color pattern.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 16

16(15). Pronotum with transversal wrinkles.................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

— Pronotum without wrinkles ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 35

17(16). Elytra yellowish or yellowish red;apical spines black;rarely darker near margin and apex of the elytra.............................................................................. 18

— Different elytral color pattern;if the apex is black this area occupies,at least,the posterior fifth........................................................................................ 24

18(17). Elytra only with long setae.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

— Elytra with only short setae or both long and short setae.................................................................................................................................................... 20

19(18). Anterior third of elytra with coarse punctures, arranged in longitudinal rows; mesoventrite usually tuberculated. Mexico (Jalisco, Sonora), Panama, Colombia (Atlántico, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Meta), Trinidad, Venezuela, Ecuador, French Guiana, Brazil (Roraima, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Maranhão. Piauí, Paraíba, Ceará, Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia (Tarija),Paraguay,Argentina (Salta, Misiones),Uruguay..................................................... S.plicicollis (Germar,1823)

— Anterior third of elytral with sparse punctuation,not arranged in rows;mesoventrite without tubercle. Brazil (Paraíba,Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), Bolivia (Santa Cruz)........................................................................................................................... S.sublaevigata Zajciw,1962

20(18). Femora mostly pale. Martinique.................................................................................................................................. S.daudini Chalumeau & Touroult,2004

— Femoral club distinctly dark ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21

21(20). Elytra very finely,sparsely punctate. Trinidad andTobago, Colombia (Atlántico, Magdalena), Venezuela, Brazil (Roraima, Rondônia)... S.geniculata (Pascoe,1866)

— Elytra moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate.......................................................................................................................................................... 22

22(21). Antennae dark. Jamaica.................................................................................................................................................................. S.jamaicensis Vitali,2007

— Antennae light ferrugineous................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23

23(22). Antennomeres III-VII with apical spine;prothorax slender. Curaçao, Colombia (Casanare)............................................................ S.curacaoae Gilmour,1968

— Antennomeres III-VI with apical spine;prothorax distinctly widened forward. Curaçao.................................................................... S.insolita Gilmour,1968

24(17). Elytra with metallic color..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25

— Elytra without metallic color ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 27

25(24). Head and prothorax dark; elytra dark with submetallic violaceous to greenish luster. Mexico (Colima, Michoacán, Guerrero, Sinaloa, Morelos, Oaxaca), Guatemala.............................................................................................................................................................. S.submetallica (Chemsak & Linsley,1968)

— Head and prothorax orangish red; elytra blueish green or metallic green............................................................................................................................ 26

26(25). Elytra with blue reflections; pronotum with transversal wrinkles; mesoventrite tuberculate; metafemora pedunculated. Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas, Rondônia), Bolivia.................................................................................................................................................................................... S.boyi Melzer,1927

— Elytra green, very shiny; pronotum without wrinkles; mesoventrite without tubercle;metafemora more linear, slightly and gradually dilated to the apex. Colombia, Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul,Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro), Paraguay.............................. S.elegantula (Perroud,1855)

27(24). Antennomeres yellowish with black apex. Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Argentina (Salta)........................................................................... S.nigroflava Zajciw,1965

— Antennomeres unicolorous..................................................................................................................................................................................................28

28(27). Elytra entirely dark brown. Colombia (Bolívar)..................................................................................................................................... S.ruthveronae sp.nov.

— Elytra not unicolorous,dark or orangish-brown with yellowish spots or bicolorous.............................................................................................................29

29(28). Elytra black to orangish brown,each elytron with a median yellowish spot. Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia), Bolivia.................. S.bisignata Zajciw,1958

— Elytra without spots ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30

30(29). Prothorax subcylindrical,much longer than wide;pronotum finely and densely rugose (except on anterior margin). Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais)................ .......................................................................................................................................................................................... S.seminigra Martins & Napp,1983

— Prothorax at most slightly elongated;pronotum not entirely covered by wrinkles.............................................................................................................. 31

31(30). Pronotum of males with punctures on anterior quarter and with wrinkles on remaining surface. French Guiana, Brazil (Roraima,Amazonas)...................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... S.nigroapicalis Fuchs,1961

— Pronotum of males lacking sexual punctation.....................................................................................................................................................................32

32(31). Antennae orange (apical fifth of the elytra black;apical third of the metafemora and usually of mesofemora black). Guyana... S.melanura (Erichson,1849)

— Antennae black ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................33

33(32). Prothorax black. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia (Atlántico,Bolívar).............................................................. S.rugicollis (Guérin-Méneville,1844)

— Prothorax reddish................................................................................................................................................................................................................34

34(33). Prothorax in male about as long as wide;distal urosternites darkened in both sexes. Bolivia (Santa Cruz) ...................................... S.ichilo Lingafelter,2004

— Prothorax in males longer than wide;distal urosternites not darkened. Brazil (Bahia)............................. S.lingafelteri Martins,Galileo & Santos-Silva,2015

35(16). Elytra black or brownish with median yellowish spot..........................................................................................................................................................36

— Elytra without contrasting spots.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 37

36(35). Prothorax reddish, subcylindrical; base of the elytra black or reddish; elytral yellowish spot large, usually reaching the external margin and the suture; femora yellowish. Venezuela, Brazil (Roraima, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Maranhão, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay........................................................................................................................................ S.meinerti (Aurivillius,1900)

— Prothorax black,subrounded laterally;elytra black;elytral yellowish spot small,not reaching the external margin;femora black. Bolivia (Tarija), Paraguay.............................................................................................................................................................................................. S.asyka Galileo & Martins,2004

37(35). Elytra black or greenish,sometimes with metallic reflections (prothorax reddish or orangish;femora black). Brazil (Goiás, Piauí, Maranhão), Bolivia (Santa Cruz).............................................................................................................................................................................................. S.plumbea Gounelle,1909

— Elytra without metallic reflections,reddish brown or orangish yellow,with or without black apex.....................................................................................38

38(37). Integument color uniform,general coloration brownish or dark brown;prothorax,elytra,femora,and tibiae with whitish rigid,erect setae. Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás,Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Maranhão, Piauí,Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo), Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Tarija), Paraguay, Argentina (Jujuy)................................................................................................................................................................................. S.tristis (Guérin-Méneville,1844)

— Prothorax orange,reddish or dark reddish;elytra yellowish or reddish;body without whitish setae .................................................................................. 39

39(38). Apical spines of the metafemora subequal in length...........................................................................................................................................................40

— Apical spines of the metafemora with different size............................................................................................................................................................51

40(39). Apical projections of the mesofemora slightly projected.....................................................................................................................................................41

— Apex of the mesofemora with inner spine longer than outer projection..............................................................................................................................48

41(40). Antennae black or with dark antennomeres........................................................................................................................................................................ 42

— Antennae reddish or yellowish ............................................................................................................................................................................................44

42(41). Legs black;genae projected;apical spines of the elytra black. Bolivia (Santa Cruz)...................................................................... S.delicata Lingafelter,2004

— Femora with reddish;genae short.......................................................................................................................................................................................43

43(42). Pronotum long;elytra and femora (except peduncle) reddish;apex of the femora and elytra concolorous with remaining surface. Brazil (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro)........................................................................................................................................................................................ S.longicollis Zajciw,1963

— Pronotum shorter;elytra orangish yellow with apical spines black;femora darker toward apex. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná)... S.horni Melzer,1923

44(41). Elytra yellowish with black suture;sometimes with black areas on elytra. Ecuador, Peru.................................................. S.suturalis (Martins & Napp,1992)

— Elytral suture concolor with the remaining surface of the elytra..........................................................................................................................................45

45(44). Surface of the body covered by abundant long setae;mesoventral process tuberculate. Bolivia (Santa Cruz)............................ S.wappesi Nascimento,2018

— Body with sparse long setae;mesoventral process without tubercle...................................................................................................................................46

46(45). Metafemora cylindrical. Mexico (Veracruz) Guatemala, Belize).............................................................................................................. S.laceyi Linsley,1934

— Metafemora pedunculate....................................................................................................................................................................................................47

47(46). Sides of prothorax of males with sexual dimorphism in punctuation. Brazil (Goiás, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Maranhão, Piauí, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay..................................... S. consobrina Gounelle,1909

— Sides of the prothorax of males without sexual dimorphism in punctuation. Brazil (Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul,Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Argentina (Misiones).......................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................. S.armata Audinet-Serville,1834

48(40). Elytra with both long and short setae. Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo)............................................. S.mojuba Martins & Napp,1983

— Elytra only with long setae..................................................................................................................................................................................................49

49(48). Pronotum densely pubescent;apical spines of meso- and metafemora concolorous with the remaining surface of the femora. Brazil (Bahia)...................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................. S.debilis Galileo & Martins,2010

— Pronotum glabrous,with only sparse long whitish setae;apical spines of meso and metafemora black,contrasting with the remaining surface.............. 50

50(49). Elytral base with rough punctures; pronotum without wrinkles; sexual punctuation reaching the pronotum anteriorly; mesoventrite tuberculate. Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina)............................................................................................... S.armigera (White, 1853)

— Elytra without rough punctures; anterior region of the pronotum with fine and shallow wrinkles; pronotum without sexual punctuation; mesoventrite without tubercle. Brazil (Paraíba,Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), Bolivia (Santa Cruz)............... S.sublaevigata Zajciw,1962

51(39). Metafemora with inner spine longer than outer spine ........................................................................................................................................................ 52

— Metafemora with inner spine shorter than outer spine....................................................................................................................................................... 54

52(51). Antennomeres reddish or orangish;base of femora yellowish. Brazil (Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina), Bolivia (Santa Cruz)...... S.fragilis (Bates,1870)

— Antennomeres and base of femora black............................................................................................................................................................................. 53

53(52). Elytra with apical spines concolorous with remaining surface. Panama? Brazil (Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Maranhão, Piauí, Goiás), French Guiana, Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz)......................................................................................................................................... S.lissonota (Bates,1870)

— Elytra with apical spines black,contrasting with remaining surface. Brazil (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro) ..................................... S.longicollis Zajciw,1963

54(51). Mesofemora unarmed or just with apex slightly projected. Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro), Bolivia (Santa Cruz)......................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................... S.juati Martins & Napp,1983

— Mesofemora with outer spines longer than inner spine....................................................................................................................................................... 55

55(54). Head,antennae,and legs entirely black. French Guiana................................................................................................... S.kawensis Galileo & Martins,2009

— Head black or orangish,antennae orangish,femora orangish with black apex ................................................................................................................... 56

56(55). Head,scape and apical fourth of elytra black. Brazil (Espírito Santo)........................................................................................ S.pantonyssoides Zajciw,1968

— Head and scape reddish or black;black area of elytra restricted to apical spines or to narrowed area at apex ..................................................................... 57

57(56). Pronotum of males with sexual dimorphism in punctuation restricted to anterolateral region. Brazil (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo)............................................................................................................................................................................................ S.diversispinis Zajciw,1962

— Pronotum of males with sexual dimorphism in punctuation widely distributed on anterior third. Brazil (Minas Gerais)......... S.punctatissima Martins,2005