Indian species

Gunasekaran, Senthilarasu, Chinnarajan, Ravindran & Parasnis, Anjali, 2018, Notes on Indian species of Calvatia and Langermannia including Calvatia natarajanii sp. nov., Phytotaxa 362 (2), pp. 160-172 : 168-169

Key to the Indian species of Calvatia and Langermannia

1. Subgleba distinctly present, occupying ≥1/3 of the stipe, or reduced................................................................................................2

1. Subgleba absent or reduced..............................................................................................................................................................10

2. Gleba violaceous at maturity..............................................................................................................................................................3

2. Gleba yellowish, grayish, brownish or olivaceous, but not violaceous at maturity...........................................................................4

3. Basidiomes (50)60–70(80) mm diam., 75–115 mm high, subglobose, pyriform to turbinate; exoperidium white to pinkish, becoming purplish brown; endoperidium purplish brown; gleba initially white, becoming purplish brown; subgleba ≥ 20 mm, white, becoming purplish brown, persistent as a cup like base even after the dispersion of spores; basidiospores mass purplish brown, 4–7 × 4–6 μm, globose to subglobose, verrucose .............................................................................................................. C. cyathiformis

3. Basidiomes 50 mm diam., 40 mm high, ovate; exoperidium thin, brownish to wheat brown, becoming purple brown; endoperidium deep purple brown; gleba purple brown; subgleba absent or reduced to ≤ 20 mm; basidiospores mass purplish brown, 3–4.5 μm, globose, finely verrucose..................................................................................................................................................... C. fragilis

4. Gleba grayish orange to brownish orange to yellowish brown..........................................................................................................5

4. Gleba grayish to olivaceous................................................................................................................................................................9

5. Gleba yellowish brown, peridia distinctly staining yellow, basidiomes becoming orange with age ................................... C. rugosa

5. Peridia not staining yellow.................................................................................................................................................................6

6. Gleba grayish orange to brownish orange on drying, cottony, persistent; exoperidium white to orange-white; endoperidium orange to grayish red, persistent, grayish orange to brownish orange; subgleba cellular, pale yellow on drying; basidiospores 3–7 μm, globose to subglobose, echinulate ................................................................................................................................. C. natarajanii

6. Gleba yellowish brown.......................................................................................................................................................................7

7. Basidiomes 150 mm diam., 100 mm high, initially globose, becoming skull-shaped to strongly wrinkled; peridium initially white, becoming brownish; gleba initially white, becoming yellowish to olive brown; subgleba initially white, becoming yellowish to olive brown; basidiospores 2.5–3.5 μm, globose to subglobose, finely verruculose .................................................. C. craniiformis

7. Basidiomes not skull-shaped or distinctly wrinkled...........................................................................................................................8

8. Basidiomes 40–80 mm diam., ≤ 70 mm high, turbinate with long, tapering base; exoperidium dark brown, verrucose; endoperidium orange-yellow; gleba yellowish brown to dark yellowish brown; subgleba cellular, dark yellowish brown; basidiospores 3.3–4 × 3.3–3.39, globose to subglobose, verruculose............................................................................................................... C. longicauda

8. Basidiomes 40–100 mm diam., 20–40 mm high, subglobose, plicate at the base; exoperidium initially white, becoming reddish brown; gleba white; subgleba present; basidiospores 3.5–5 μm, globose to subglobose, warted.................................. C. pyriformis

9. Basidiomes 53–67 mm diam., 25.5 mm high, ovate, depressed; exoperidium silver; endoperidium silver; gleba dark olivaceous brown................................................................................................................................................................................. C. argentea

9. Basidiomes 15–35 mm in diam., globose to subglobose; exoperidium yellowish brown to light brown, or grayish white above, pale pinkish below, furfuraceous, fugacious, areolate; endoperidium yellowish brown; gleba white, becoming light to dark brown to grayish brown or olivaeous; subgleba present, reduced, yellowish; basidiospores mass olivaceous brown, 3.5–6.5 μm, globose, verrucose............................................................................................................................................................................. C. candida

10. Basidiomes globose; exoperidium smooth; endoperidium persistent in mature basidiomes; gleba olivaceous brown; subgleba absent; basidiospores echinulate .............................................................................................................................................. L. bicolor

10. Endoperidium not persistent, breaking apart and sloughing away in mature basidiomes..................................................................1

11. Basidiomes 50–100 mm diam., globose to subglobose; peridium white becoming grayish yellow to olivaceous brown, smooth; gleba initially white, becoming olive yellow to olive brown; basidiospores 3–4 μm, globose to subglobose, smooth ...................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... L. gigantea

11. Basidiomes 40–75 mm diam., 35–60 mm high, subglobose to subcylindrical; peridium brown, smooth to granulated; gleba bright olivaceous; subgleba absent; basidiospores mass olivaceous yellow, 4.0–6.5 μm, globose to ovate, smooth ............ L. pachyderma