Spilopleura parensis (Dallas, 1852) Olivera & Melo & Dellapé, 2023

Olivera, Leonela, Melo, Maria Cecilia & Dellape, Pablo M., 2023, Revisiting the South American Acanthocephalini (Hemiptera, Coreidae): Spilopleura Stal (status novum), Evolutionary Systematics 7 (1), pp. 35-50 : 35

Spilopleura parensis (Dallas, 1852) comb. nov.

Figs 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

1852 Metapodius parensis Dallas, 432 [n. sp., Brazil].

1859 Metapodius parensis : Dohrn, 26.

1864 Metapodius parensis : Costa, 76.

1870 Acanthocephala (Spilopleura) parensis : Stål, 9: 150 [n. comb.].

1871 Metapodius parensis : Walker, 50.

1873 Metapodius parensis : Walker, 33.

1894 Acanthocephala parensis : Lethierry and Severin, 31.

1938 Acanthocephala (Spilopleura) parensis : Blöte, 275.

1938 Acanthocephala ( Spilopleura ) Spilopleura parensis var. Spilopleura parensis tristis Blöte, 20: 275 [n. var., Peru; sin. by Packauskas 2010].

2010 Acanthocephala parensis : Packauskas, 19.

2021 Acanthocephala parensis : CoreoideaSF Team.

Type material.

Lectotype (here designated) ♀ (photograph), Metapodius parensis Dallas, type, syntype, BMNH(E) #651541 (NHMUK) (Fig. 2A ); Paratype ♂ (photograph), Peru, var. Metapodius parensis tristis Blöte, Blöte det., paratypus, DEI Hemimetabola #100120 (SDEI).

Other examined material.

(Table 1) Argentina: Misiones: 1 ♀, Gob. Misiones, 9-III-1897, S. Venturi col. (MACN); 1 ♀, P.N. Iguazú, CIES 25°40'40.8"S, 54°26'55.9"W, 8-XII-2013, T. de luz, P. Dellapé col. (MLP). Bolivia: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (MACN); Beni: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Rurrenabaque, X-1956, 175 mts., Dirings col. (MZSP); Cochabamba: 1 ♂, Zischka col. (MACN); 1 ♂, Chaparé, Yungas, I-1949, Suilar col. (MACN); 2 ♂♂, Chaparé, S.F. del Chipiriri, 400 m, IV-1953, Martinez col. (MACN); Santa Cruz: 1 ♂, Ichilo, Fr. Steinbach col. (UNAM); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, B. Vista, II-1950, A. Martinez col. (MACN); 2 ♂♂, Sara, II-1950, A. Martínez col. (MZSP); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Santiago de Chiquitos, 8/ 13-II-1958, Monrós col. (IFML); 1 ♂, Tacú Polilla, 8-III-1957, A. Martinez col. (MACN). Brazil: Amazonas: 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Benjamin Constant, Río Javary, Alto Amazonas, III/V/ VIII-1942, Dirings col. (MZSP); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Sao Paulo de Oliveacea, Rio Solimoes , XII-1960, Dirings col. (MZSP); Bahía: 2 ♀♀, Mucurí, I-1972, P.C. Elias col. (MZSP); Goiás: 1 ♀, Jataí, I-1964, Martins, Morgante & Silva cols. (MZSP); Mato Grosso: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Koslorosky col. (MLP); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Barra do Tapirape , 14-I-1964 y 2/ 16-I-1966, B. Malkin col. (MZSP); 2 ♀♀, Rio Papagayo , Utiariti, 23-XI-1966, S.J. Williner col. (MACN); Pará: 2 ♂♂, Itaítuba, Rio Tapajoz , II-1952 / VII-1963, Dirings col. (MZSP); 1 ♂, Belem, Granja St. Hort. , VIII-1955, E.F. Braganca col. (MZSP); 1 ♂, Santarem, Rio Tapajoz , VIII-1955, Dirings col. (MZSP); 1 ♀, Óbidos, Traíra, IV-1962, Dirings col. (MZSP); 1 ♂, Sao Felix do Xingui Pa , XII-1980, K. Zanol leg., col. MCN 45373 (UFRGS); Rodônia: 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, Porto Velho, Rio Tapirape , 10/ 12-XII-1964, R.T. Lima col. (MZSP); São Paulo: 2 ♀♀, Magda, 3/ 10-I-1959, J. Lane col. (MZSP); Santa Catarina: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Rio Vermelho , IV-1963, Dirings col. (MZSP). Colombia: Amazonas: 1 ♂, Leticia, Monilla Amena, Chagra, 60 msnm, captura manual, 10-X-2002, Varela M.E., Celis C. & Arango J. cols. (PUJ); 2 ♀♀, Leticia, Km7 Tarapacá, 1-V-2002 (UNAL); 1 ♂, Leticia, Monilla Amena, 70 msnm, BTF., pit fall, 24-III-2004, D. Díaz col. (PUJ); Boyacá: 1 ♂, Santa María, sendero ecológico, 1200 m, IV-1997, G. Amat col. (UNAL); Cundinamarca: 1 ♀, Ubalá, Ins. Pol. San Pedro de Jagua , Vda. Soya, Mgen. Izq. Rio Zaguea , aprox. 4°42'48 ’’, 3°18'06"W, 500 m, IV-1998 (UNAL). Paraguay: 1 ♂, I-47, Bridarolli col. (MACN); Amambay: 1 ♂, Pablo Juan Caballero, 16-I-48 (MACN); Canindevu: 1 ♀, Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayu , 2/5-XIII-2017, 24°08'03"S, 55°31'43"W, 598 ft., J.E. Eger col. (MLP); Concepción: 1 ♂, Cororó, Rio Ypane , 26-I-1965, S.J. Williner col. (MACN); Itapúa: 1 ♀, Hotel Tirol, 13 al 15-XII-2017, 27°11'00"S, 55°46'42"W, 827 ft., J.E. Eger col. (MLP); San Pedro : 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀♀, S. Estanislao, I-46, Bridarolli col. (MACN); 1 ♂, S. Estanislao, 15-I-1948, Foerster , Col. A.A. Pirán (MACN). Peru: Huánuco: 1 ♂, Tingo Maria ( Rio Huallaga ), 700 m, 1-IV-1940, Leg. Weyrauch (IFML); 1 ♂, Tingo Maria , 670 m, Leg. Weyrauch (IFML); Junín: 1 ♂, Provincia Juaja , Satipo , 750m, 4-VI-38, Kurt Meskendahl col. (UNAM), 1 ♂, Satipo , 650 m., VIII-1940, Leg. Weyrauch. (IFML); San Martín: 1 ♀, Yuracyacu , 300 m., VI-1947, Weyrauch col. (IFML) .

Diagnosis.

Species dark brown to black, with the apex of scutellum, apex of metatibia and metatarsus yellowish. Distiflagellomere bicolorous, dark brown with a yellow ring on apical third near the apex. Veins of clavus and embolium contrasting reddish. Abdominal tergites black, with a central yellowish line extending along all segments. Eyes with its major axis perpendicular to the dorsal margin of head in lateral view. Thoracic pleurae with three conspicuous patches of decumbent yellowish setae. Metathoracic acetabulum in males with a rounded projection. Metatibia with fusiform expansions. Posteroventral margin of pygophore with a small median depression. Expansion of the spermathecal duct small and oval.

Redescription.

Male. General color dark brown to black. Head. With sparse erect yellowish setae; dorsal region black with two paler areas next to ocelli (Fig. 2C ); tylus, sides of the neck and buccula light brown. Dorsal margin of tylus slightly raised in the base and declined to the apex, reaching dorsal margin of head (Fig. 2B ). Post-tylar depression shallow, two times shorter than interocellar space. Interocular distance at least 1.6 times longer than width of an eye. Eye with its major axis perpendicular to the dorsal margin of head in lateral view (Fig. 2B ). Scape, pedicel and basiflagellomere light brown, with abundant short and thick semierect yellowish setae. Distiflagellomere bicolor, dark brown to black with a yellow ring near the apex, with abundant short decumbent yellowish setae, and sparse semierect darker setae. Labium light brown, apex of segment IV black, extending to the posterior margin of the mesocoxae. Labial segment I longest, segment IV shortest. Thorax. Pronotum dark brown, anterior lobe and calli with abundant long erect yellowish setae; posterior lobe densely and irregularly punctate, anterior third rough and shiny with thick erect yellowish setae, and posterior third with sparse short decumbent yellowish setae; humeral angles not elevated; humeral distance 1.2 times larger than width of abdomen; posterolateral margin tuberculate only on anterior region. Scutellum almost longer than wide, with a medial transversal depression with abundant decumbent yellowish and sparse semierect setae; apex yellowish. Hemelytra: Clavus and embolium with contrasting reddish veins; membrane dark brown to black, veins paler. Thoracic pleurae brown, with three patches of decumbent yellowish setae (Fig. 2D ); metathoracic scent gland auricle and evaporatory area brown; projection of metathoracic acetabulum rounded (Fig. 2E ). Thoracic sterna dark brown, with abundant erect yellowish setae. Legs: Femora brown with semierect yellowish setae over the surface, and longer erect setae on ventral margin. Pro- and mesofemora with the anterior row of spines on ventral margin ending in a small apical spine, posterior row ending in a larger spine. Metafemur at least three times wider than profemur (Fig. 3A ); dorsal margin with two rows of darker conical setiferous tubercles; ventral margin with two rows of spines that become larger to the apex and ends in a flat bidentate projection: anterior row with larger black flat spines, posterior row smaller and ends in a larger spine; posterior margin with a row of rounded tubercles. Pro- and mesotibiae brown. Metatibia brown with the apex yellowish (Fig. 3C ); dorsal expansion narrow and fusiform, maximum width at basal third, narrowing to the apex, ending in an acute angle, with small setiferous tubercles on margin of distal third; ventral margin slightly expanded, evident on basal third of tibia; margin bordered with two rows of conical irregular setiferous tubercles that become larger to distal third forming only one row. Pro- and mesotarsi brown, metatarsus yellowish. Abdomen. Dorsum black with a central yellowish line extending along all abdominal tergites. Sterna brown, with short yellowish decumbent setae more abundant on lateral margins. Abdominal expansion developed on the anterior half, reaching spiracles. Area of insertion of trichobothria yellowish, surrounding area brown. Lateral areas of the abdominal sterna punctate near spiracles. Spiracles black. Male genitalia: Pygophore (Fig. 4A-C ): Lateral margins straight and abruptly declivent at median third to the apex; posteroventral margin rounded with a small median depression; lateral margins of the anterior opening sinuous on medial part; parandria slightly developed. Parameres (Fig. 4D ): Basal shank wide, dorsal region rounded, slightly narrowing at the joint with the arm, inner margin straight and slightly expanded distally, outer margin convex; arm wide, shorter than basal shank. Aedeagus (Fig. 4E, F ): dorsal conjunctival appendages I bilobate apically, with a small median depression between lobes.

Variation (observed in some specimens examined): Apex of tylus slightly projected upwards.

Female. Thorax. Humeral distance as wide as the width of abdomen. Posterior row of spines on ventral margin of pro- and mesofemora absent. Metafemur at least two times wider than profemur (Fig. 3B ); dorsal margin with two rows of small darker conical setiferous tubercles; posterior row of spines on the ventral margin reduced, with tiny spines that ends in a larger spine; posterior margin unarmed. Metatibia with the dorsal expansion fusiform, maximum width at basal third, with a tooth or notch from where it narrows to the apex (Fig. 3D ); ventral expansion narrow and fusiform, extending throughout the length of the tibia. Abdomen: Female genitalia: Sternite VII (Fig. 5A ): Fisura short, median lobes small, rounded, not overlapping with each other; plica slightly concave, close to the posterior margin of the sternite, longer than maximum width of first gonocoxae; posterolateral margins reaching the distal third of first gonocoxae. Paratergite VIII overpassing the apex of first gonocoxae (Fig. 5A ). Dorsal apodeme of first gonocoxa short and wide, quadrangular (Fig. 5B ). Second gonapophysis digitiform, first ramus slender and well sclerotized (Fig. 5C ). Second gonocoxa wide, slightly narrowing at middle, basal region narrower than apical region (Fig. 5D ). Second gonapophysis as long as second gonocoxa (Fig. 5D ). Spermatheca (Fig. 5E ): Receptacle apically globose and oval; flexible zone long; distal duct shorter than flexible zone; dilation of the spermathecal duct oval.

Measurements

(n= 5♂ | 5♀): Total length: ♂ 18 -(20.727)- 22.625 / ♀ 18 -(20.37530)- 23.74; head length: ♂ 1.992 -(2.054)- 2.112 / ♀ 1.944 -(2.097)- 2.136; max head width: ♂ 2.432 -(2.645)- 2.816 / ♀ 2.432 -(2.609)- 2.72 tylus length: ♂ 0.736 -(0.837)- 0.992 / ♀ 0.64 -(0.789)- 0.96; post-tylus depression length: ♂ 0.288 -(0.313)- 0.336 / ♀ 0.24 -(0.256)- 0.272; eye width: ♂ 0.688 -(0.726)- 0.752 / ♀ 0.72 -(0.771)- 0.832; interocular space: ♂ 1.088 -(1.22)- 1.376 / ♀ 1.056 -(1.194)- 1.312; ocellar distance: ♂ 0.896 -(1.06)- 1.216 / ♀ 0.928 -(1.036)- 1.12; interocellar space: ♂ 0.576 -(0.72)- 0.8 / ♀ 0.608 -(0.707)- 0.832; antennal articles length: scape, ♂ 4 -(4.582)- 5 / ♀ 3.635 -(4.185)- 5; pedicel, ♂ 3.5 -(3.816)- 4.25 / ♀ 2.875 -(3.511)- 4.25; basiflagellomere, ♂ 2.875 -(3.419)- 3.75 / ♀ 2.875 -(3.221)- 3.75; distiflagellomere, ♂ 7.25 -(8.1)- 9.125 / ♀ 6.75 -(7.432)- 8.125; antennal articles width: scape, ♂ 0.32 -(0.355)- 0.384 / ♀ 0.256 -(3.18)- 0.352; pedicel, ♂ 0.192 -(0.358)- 0.256 / ♀ 0.192 -(0.217)- 0.256; basiflagellomere, ♂ 0.192 -(0.226)- 0.256 / ♀ 0.192 -(0.211)- 0.224; distiflagellomere, ♂ 0.228 -(0.25)- 0.256 / ♀ 0.224 -(0.288)- 0.352; labial segments length: I, ♂ 1.692 -(1.875)- 2.021 / ♀ 1.115 -(1.854)- 1.739; II, ♂ 1.551 -(1.725)- 1.88 / 1.504-(1.684)- 1.88; III, ♂ 1.363 -(1.493)- 1.696 / ♀ 1.363 -(1.485)- 1.786; IV, ♂ 1.363 -(1.433)- 1.568 / ♀ 1.269 -(1.365)- 1.457; humeral angles width: ♂ 6.65 -(8.03)- 8.55 / ♀ 7.125 -(7.983)- 8.75; scutellum length: ♂ 2.538 -(2.877)- 3.29 / ♀ 2.585 -(2.873)- 3.243; scutellum width: ♂ 2.538 -(2.925)- 3.29 / ♀ 2.632 -(2.978)- 3.29; hemelytra length: ♂ 15.625 -(17.375)- 18.75 / ♀ 15.125 -(17.139)- 18.75; profemur width: ♂ 0.768 -(0.828)- 0.912 / ♀ 0.72 -(0.777)- 0.832; metafemur width: ♂ 1.76 -(2.558)- 3.2 / ♀ 1.6 -(1.75)- 1.952; metafemur length: ♂ 10.75 -(12.276)- 13.75 (12.276)/ ♀ 10.625 -(10.833)- 11.5; metatibia width: ♂ 1.52 -(1.945)- 2.24 / ♀ 2.304 -(2.733)- 3.104; metatibia length: ♂ 10.875 -(12.152)- 13.75 / ♀ 9.626 -(11.152)- 11.75; abdomen length: ♂ 9.75 -(10.983)- 12.5 / ♀ 9.625 -(11.041)- 13.5; abdomen width: ♂ 5.5 -(6.5)- 7.125 / ♀ 6.125 -(7.272)- 8.15.

Distribution.

Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, and first records from Argentina, Colombia, and Paraguay (Fig. 10 ).

Remarks.

A single female specimen with a label “syntype” deposited in the Natural History Museum of London (detailed in material examined and examined through photographs) is the only type material of Metapodius parensis Dallas we found.

To ensure nomenclatural stability, we select this specimen (Fig. 2A ) as the lectotype.

The analysis of the characters exhibited in the photograph examined of the male paratype of A. (S.) parensis var. tristis Blöte allows us to confirm the synonymy under Spilopleura parensis as proposed by Packauskas.

Figures

Figure 2. Spilopleura parensis (Dallas). A Lectotype female in dorsal view and labels; B Head in lateral view; C Head in dorsal view; D Thoracic pleurae; E Projection of metathoracic acetabulum in males. Abbreviations: MsP: mesopleura; MtAc: metathoracic acetabulum; MtP: metapleura; PrP: propleura.

Figure 3. Spilopleura parensis (Dallas). A Male metafemur; B Female metafemur; C Male metatibia; D Female metatibia. Abbreviations: dEx: dorsal expansion of metatibia; vEx: ventral expansion of metatibia.

Figure 4. Spilopleura parensis (Dallas). Male genitalia. A-C Pygophore: A Ventral view: B Dorsal view; C Lateral view; D Right paramere in both views; E, F Aedeagus: E Ventral view; F Dorsal view. Abbreviations: antO: pygophore anterior opening; Ar: paramere arm; bSh: paramere basal shank; Cj: Aedeagus conjunctiva; dApp 1: dorsal conjunctival appendages I; Ds: dorsal sac of conjunctiva; ejD: ejaculatory duct; ejR: ejaculatory reservoir; End: endosoma; gp: gonopore; iMbSh: inner margin of paramere basal shank; laM: pygophore lateral margin; oMbSh: outer margin of paramere basal shank; Pha: phallosoma; postO: pygophore posterior opening; pvM: pygophore posteroventral margin; vApp: ventral conjunctival appendages; Vs: vesica.

Figure 5. Spilopleura parensis (Dallas). Female genitalia. A Ventral view of the pregenital region and genital plates; B First gonocoxa and first gonapophysis; C First gonapophysis; D Second gonocoxa and second gonapophysis; E Spermatheca. Abbreviations: dA: dorsal apodem; dd: distal duct; df: distal flange; di: dilatation of the sphermatecal duct; fi: fisura; fz: flexible zone; Gp 8: first gonapophysis; Gp 9: Second gonapophysis; Gx 8: first gonocoxa; Gx 9: second gonocoxa; pd: proximal duct; pf: proximal flange; pgS: peg-like setae; pl: plica; Pt 8: paratergite VIII; Pt 9: paratergite IX; Ra 1: first ramus; Ra 2: second ramus; sr: seminal receptacle; VII: Sternite VII.

Figure 10. Distributional map of the species includes in the genus Spilopleura stat. nov. Green dots represent occurrences of S. parensis (Dallas); red triangles represent occurrences of S. ochracea (Montandon) comb. nov.