Pulvinaria decorata Borchsenius, 1957

Cao, Tong & Feng, Ji-Nian, 2020, The genus Pulvinaria (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in China, with description of a new species and a new record, Zootaxa 4750 (2), pp. 225-236 : 230-233

Pulvinaria decorata Borchsenius, 1957

( Fig. 3 )

Pulvinaria ornata Froggatt, 1921: 427 .

Pulvinaria decorata Borchsenius, 1957: 228 . Replacement name for Pulvinaria ornata Froggatt, 1921 , homonym of P. ornata Hempel, 1912 .

Material examined. All from CHINA: Henan, Zhengzhou, 20.vii.2016, Cao Tong 3 adult females ( NWAFU) ; Shaanxi, Xianyang, 11.iii.2017, Cao Tong , 4 adult females ( NWAFU) ; Shaanxi, Xi’an, 28.v.2010, Wang Fang , 7 adult females ( NWAFU) .

Description (data taken from 14 specimens)

Adult female in life. Body oval; yellow-brown; dorsum of mature adult female slightly convex. Adult females on leaves and stems each secrete an elongate white, cottony ovisac that completely covers the body by the time oviposition is finished.

Slide-mounted adult female. Body oval to broadly oval, 3.5–4.5 mm long, 2.0–3.0 mm wide. Anal cleft approximately 1/6–1/5 of body length. Stigmatic clefts shallow but distinct.

Dorsum. Derm with cell-like clear areas, sclerotized reticulations and well-developed dermal areolations in mature specimens. Dorsal setae spinose, each 7–10 μm long, with a well-developed basal socket. Submarginal tu- bercles totalling 12–14 around body. Dorsal microducts sparse, each located in an areaolation. Dorsal tubular ducts present, small, each with a short, wide outer ductule and a filamentous inner ductule. Preopercular pores mostly circular, present in median area anterior to anal plates in a group of 15–22. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate triangular, 158–162 μm long, 74–79 μm wide; anterolateral margin slightly concave, 101–110 μm long; posterolat- eral margin slightly convex, 112–116 μm long; posterior margin longer than anterior margin, outer angle slightly obtuse; each plate with a well-developed supporting bar and 4 apical setae, each seta 9–10 μm long. Anogenital fold with 2 pairs of anterior marginal setae, each 96–104 μm long, and 3 lateral marginal setae, each 52–73 μm long. Anal ring subcircular, with 2 rows of anal ring pores and 6 anal ring setae, each seta 155–173 μm long.

Margin. Marginal setae with well-developed basal sockets, mostly slender, straight or slightly curved, some bifid, some paliform with an expanded apex, each seta 21–42 μm long; with 80–88 setae between anterior stigmatic clefts, 23–28 between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side, and 63–66 between each posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each containing 3 tapered and bluntly spinose stigmatic spines, each spine with a well-developed basal socket; median spine 54–67 μm long, 2–3 times as long as lateral spines, lateral spines each 19–23 μm long.

Venter. Derm membranous.Antennae each with 8 segments, 420–483 μm long; third segment longest. With 3 or 4 pairs of interantennal setae between antennal bases. Legs well developed, each with a tibio-tarsal articulation and articulatory sclerosis, tibia 116–118 μm long, tarsus 59–62 μm long. Claw without denticle; claw digitules broad and expanded at apex, each 43–48 μm long. Tarsal digitules longer than claw digitules, each 67–71 μm long, slender, knobbed. Submarginal setae present in a single row, each 15–34 μm long. Other ventral setae slender, setose, quite sparsely distributed, each 27–79 μm long. Three pairs of long pregenital setae present, each seta 143–157 μm long. Spiracles with or without a sclerotic plate; spiracular disc-pores mostly each with 5 loculi in outer ring. Spiracular pore bands loose, each 2–3 pores wide and reaching beyond apodemal base of spiracle; anterior spiracular pore band with 41–53 pores, posterior spiracular pore band with 58–66 pores. Pregenital disc-pores each primarily with 7 loculi, present around vulva, becoming progressively less frequent anteriorly, but present laterad to metacoxa. Ventral tubular ducts of 3 types present: (i) outer ductule long and broad, inner ductule of similar length, inner ductule broad with well-developed flowery terminal gland; present in median area of thorax and anterior abdominal segments; (ii) outer ductule long and broad, inner ductule width less than half that of outer ductule, with flower-shaped terminal gland; present on posterior abdominal segments and in a band stretching from the anal cleft to laterad of the mesocoxae; and (iii) outer ductule broad, inner filament fine and without any terminal gland; present in submarginal band but absent from anterior between antennal bases.

Host. Pittosporum tobira (Pittosporaceae) .

Distribution. China (Henan; Shaanxi); Australia (New South Wales).

Comments. Our observations agree well with those of Borchsenius (1957) and Qin & Gullan (1992) apart from the lengths of some setae. In Chinese specimens, the marginal setae are each 21–42 μm long (28–62 μm long in Aus- tralian specimens), and the anal ring setae are each 155–173 μm long (210–250 μm long in Australian specimens). Additionally, the number of preopercular pores are fewer than in Australian specimens, forming a small group of 15–22 (32–40 in Australian specimens). More details of Australian specimens are given in Qin & Gullan (1992). These differences may be caused by different environmental and climatic conditions.

We collected this species from Pittosporum tobira (Pittosporaceae) . Pulvinaria decorata may be similar to P. aurantii Cockerell, 1896 , a species distributed in the Oriental region of China; both species feed on Pittosporum tobira (Pittosporaceae) . However, P. decorata can be distinguished by the the features shown in Table 3 .

According to Prof. Penny J. Gullan (in litt. ii.2019), P. decorata is also similar to P. neocellulosa Takahashi, 1940 but can be distinguished by the features shown in Table 4 . Additionally, P. decorata was an introduction to Australia, and the original host might have been Pittosporum ( Qin & Gullan 1992) . We record the species in China as P. decorata and cite Prof. Penny J. Gullan as having confirmed the identification.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Adult female of Pulvinaria decorata Borchsenius. Abbreviations: AGF ano-genital fold; ANP anal plates; ANT antenna; DA body derm appearance; DMD dorsal microduct; DS dorsal seta; DT dorsal tubercle; DTD dorsal tubular duct; LG tibio-tarsal joint of hind leg; MS marginal setae; PGDP pregenital disc-pore; POP preopercular pore; SDP spiracular disc-pore; SP spiracle; SSP stigmatic spines; VTD ventral tubular ducts of types І–III; VS ventral seta.

Tables

TABLE 4. Morphological features that can be used to separate P. decorata and P. neocellulosa. VTDs = ventral tubular ducts. For descriptions of the types of VTDs see the specific diagnosis of P. decorata.

Morphological features	P. decorata	P. aurantii
Anal ring setae	Numbering 6 ( Qin & Gullan 1992)	Numbering 8 ( Yang 1982, Tang 1991, Wang 2001
Spiracular sclerotic plates	Spiracles with sclerotic plates in	and Takahashi 1955) Spiracular sclerotic plates absent ( Yang 1982, Tang
	mature adult females (Qin & Gullan	1991, Wang 2001 and Takahashi 1955)
Marginal setae	1992) Most setose and pointed, some	Frayed, branched and expanded with a fimbri-
	are bifid, and some with expanded	ate apex, some are setose and pointed, without
	paliform apices but not split (Qin &	expanded paliform apices ( Yang 1982, Tang 1991,
Dorsal dermal areolations	Gullan 1992) Dorsal dermal areolations larger	Wang 2001 and Takahashi 1955) Dorsal dermal areolations smaller and sparser than
	and more numerous than in P. au-	in P. decorata and there are no reticulations (Yang
	rantii, and derm of adult female is	1982, Tang 1991, Wang 2001 and Takahashi 1955)
reticulated (Fig. 2 DA)