Chrysura radians ( Harris, 1776 )

Paukkunen, Juho, Rosa, Paolo, Soon, Villu, Johansson, Niklas & Ødegaard, Frode, 2014, Faunistic review of the cuckoo wasps of Fennoscandia, Denmark and the Baltic countries (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Zootaxa 3864 (1), pp. 1-67 : 49

71. Chrysura radians ( Harris, 1776)

Chrysis radians Harris 1776: 69 . Lectotype ♀ (designated by Rosa, in prep.); England (BML) (examined). Cederberg 2000: 177, Hallin 2009: 10.

Chrysis bicolor Dahlbom 1829: 10 , nom. praeocc., nec Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1806. Syntypes ♂ ♀; Sweden and Finland (ZMUL) (examined) [part.]. Dahlbom 1831: 30 [part.], Zetterstedt 1840: 434 [part.], Dahlbom 1854: 124 [part.], Thomson 1870: 106.

Chrysis pustulosa Abeille de Perrin 1878: 6 . Lectotype ♀ (desig. Morgan 1984: 9); France: Lorgues (MNHN) (examined). Mocsáry 1889: 260, Borries 1891: 95, Nerén 1892: 112, Tumšs & Maršakovs 1970: 91, Aurivillius 1911: 11, Trautmann 1927: 111, Berland & Bernard 1938: 81, Erlandsson 1971: 88.

Holochrysis pustulosa: Bischoff 1910: 455 .

Chrysura radians: Soon 2004: 24 , 46, Karlsson 2008, Franzén & Norén 2009: 40, Johansson 2009, Artsdatabanken 2010, Johansson 2010: 118, Nolbrant et al. 2010: 59, Orlovskytė et al. 2010: 152, Franzén et al. 2012: 27, Rosa & Soon 2012, Dyntaxa 2013, Johansson, in press.

Distribution. Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden.—Transpalearctic: from West Europe and North Africa to West Asia and Siberia ( Linsenmaier 1959).

Remarks. The species is known from all Nordic and Baltic countries except Finland, and it is not known from Russian Fennoscandia either. In Norway, the species has been classified as data deficient ( Hansen et al. 2010). A possible record from central Finland (Sb: Juva) was mentioned by Forsius (1925: 183, as Holochrysis pustulosa ), but the record could not been verified. Silfverberg (1981: 61) included the species in the Finnish fauna erroneously (as Chrysis pustulosa ), as pointed out by Vikberg (1986a: 61). The species was also reported from Russian Fennoscandia (Kon: Kizhi archipelago) by Polevoi et al. (2005: 111, as Chrysis pustulosa ), but this record was based on a misidentified specimen of C. hirsuta (specimen checked). Chrysura radians is a southern species in Sweden and Norway, and in Estonia it has been found only from the west coast ( Soon 2004). The records from Lapland ( Trautmann 1927: 111, Benno 1950: 45, Haupt 1957: 77, as C. pustulosa ) and the Arctic ( Trautmann 1930: 501, as C. pustulosa ) are most likely erroneous.

As noted earlier, Chrysura hirsuta has been separated from C. radians in the Nordic literature from the 1870s onwards, and thus earlier records of C. radians can include either species. Dahlbom’s early records (1829, 1831 and 1854) of C. bicolor (= C. radians ) from southern Sweden represent with certainty (based on type specimens) C. radians , but possibly also C. hirsuta . The northern records most likely refer to C. hirsuta , as the distribution of C. radians is restricted to the south.