Oryzias profundicola, KOTTELAT, 1990

Parenti, Lynne R., 2008, A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of ricefishes, Oryzias and relatives (Beloniformes, Adrianichthyidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (3), pp. 494-610 : 581-583

ORYZIAS PROFUNDICOLA KOTTELAT, 1990 B

YELLOW- FINNED BUNTINGI

FIGURES 11C, 53

Oryzias matanensis .- Schrey, 1978: 334–338 [photograph, report from lakes Matano and Towoeti [Towuti], Sulawesi].

Oryzias sp. n., Kottelat, 1989b: 682, fig. 6 [report of an undescribed species from Sulawesi, Lake Towuti].

Oryzias profundicola Kottelat, 1990b: 161–164 , figs 8–11, tables 5 and 6 [type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi, Lake Towuti, Tandjung Posombuwang, about 3 km south of Timampu].- Kottelat et al., 1993: 90 [listed; characters].- Parenti, 1993: 190, fig. 4 [dorsal and part of ventral portion of gill arches illustrated].- Seegers, 1997: 15, 22 [listed, photograph].- Albert et al., 1999: 650 [brain weight].

Differential diagnosis: The Malili Lakes buntingi of Sulawesi, O. marmoratus , O. profundicola and O. matanensis , are readily distinguished from all other ricefishes by their distinctive pigmentation pattern: males have a series of regular midlateral blotches and irregular dark brown blotches on the entire lateral surface of the body. They are all somewhat deep bodied, reaching more than 26% SL; have a relatively large eye, diameter reaching 10% or more of SL; and have relatively long anal fins that range to over 24 anal-fin rays. Oryzias profundicola is the most deepbodied ricefish, distinguished by the autapomorphy of a body depth that reaches 35% SL (vs. 34% or less in all other ricefishes), has the largest eyes (ranging from 9 to 13% SL), and the most anterior dorsal-fin (opposite vertebrae 18–19). Oryzias profundicola has 10–14 dorsal-fin rays, whereas O. marmoratus and O. matanensis have 8–12 and 8–9, respectively. Furthermore, Oryzias marmoratus and O. profundicola have 31–32 and 32–34 scales in a lateral series, respectively, whereas O. matanensis has 41–47.

Description: Intermediate, maximum size of specimens examined 46 mm SL. Body deep, 30–35, and compressed laterally. No pronounced abdominal concavity between pelvic fins and anal fin. Mouth terminal, jaws subequal or upper jaw slightly longer than lower jaw. Dorsal and ventral body profile arching abruptly from head to dorsal- and anal-fin origins. Dorsal surface of head slightly convex just anterior to orbits. Head length 22–25; snout length 7–8; eye moderate to large, 9–13, orbits do not project beyond dorsal surface of head. Basal portion of dorsal and anal fin do not project significantly beyond primary body profile. Scales of moderate size, cycloid and somewhat deciduous; 32–34 in a lateral series. Elongate, slightly filamentous dorsal- and anal-fin rays in males; anal-fin rays without bony contact organs. Medialmost pelvic-fin ray connected to body via a membrane along its proximal half. Caudal fin truncate. Male with a short, slightly conical, tubular urogenital papilla; female with bilobed urogenital papilla.

Premaxilla short and broad with distinct ascending process; premaxilla and dentary with two irregular rows of caniniform teeth; males with two to three rows of external conical teeth on the upper and lower oral jaws, and thick and fleshy lips through which the tooth tips project. No preethmoid cartilage; ossified portions of mesethmoid disc-shaped; anterior border of ethmoid cartilage irregular. No flanges on the ventral surface of the palatine and the quadrate. Dorsal ramus of hyomandibula not distinctly bifid, single cartilage articulates with sphenotic and pterotic. Lacrimal sensory canal carried in open bony groove. First pleural rib on parapophysis of third vertebra; first epipleural bone attaches to parapophysis of first vertebra dorsal to, and not in horizontal line with, posterior epipleural bones; lateral process of pelvic bone attaches to third pleural rib. Caudal skeleton with two epural bones; one ventral accessory bone. Fifth ceratobranchial toothplates subtriangular, with teeth in irregular rows anteriorly, followed by six to seven discrete rows of unicuspid teeth; small, incomplete posterior row. Basihyal bone triangular, basihyal cartilage elongate and rectangular. Epibranchial elements fully ossified; epibranchial 2 notably smaller than the other epibranchial elements.

Dorsal-fin rays 10–14. Anal-fin rays 26–29. Pelvicfin rays 6. Pectoral-fin rays 10–11. Principal caudalfin rays i,4/5,i. Procurrent fin-rays, dorsal 5, ventral 6. Vertebrae 29 (11 + 18). Branchiostegal rays 5.

Cytogenetic data: Unknown.

Colour in life: (From Kottelat, 1990b: 162): Females light brown on head and body; fins hyaline, except for anal fin which has a grey margin. Males greenish brown on head and body. Diffuse dark brown blotches dispersed on body, including a row of five to eight larger blotches dorsal to midaxial stripe. Eyes blue. Filamentous dorsal-fin rays yellow along margin, and sometimes with a subproximal dark purple blotch between median dorsal-fin rays. Dorsal and ventral margin of caudal fin bright yellow; one to two dark purple stripes on proximal half of membranes between median caudal-fin rays. A proximal row of dark purple to black spots on the membranes between anal-fin rays. Pelvic fin yellow; pectoral fin hyaline.

Colour in alcohol: Ground colour yellowish-grey. Dorsal surface of head and dorsal and lateral surface of body with dense dark brown to black chromatophores. A diffuse row of melanophores from the dorsal surface of the head to the dorsal-fin origin, a diffuse midlateral black line from the head to base of the caudal fin. Females with diffuse line of dark chromatophores dorsal from a point just posterior to analfin origin, along body just dorsal to anal-fin base to middle of caudal peduncle. Fins of females and pectoral and pelvic fins of males hyaline. Bilobed urogenital papilla of females with dense small, dark grey chromatophores; urogenital papilla of males with larger and fewer scattered dark brown chromatophores. Dorsal- and anal-fin rays of males dusky except at their margins, which are hyaline. Caudal fin-rays of males dusky, dark line along proximal half of membranes between median caudal-fin rays; dorsal and anal margins of caudal fin hyaline.

Distribution and habitat: Endemic to Lake Towuti of the Malili River basin, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia ( Parenti & Soeroto, 2004: fig. 1), along gently sloping shores with large boulders on a sand and pebble substrate ( Kottelat, 1990b: 164).

Remarks: The holotype, ZSM/LIPI 12 (37.2 mm), from Lake Towuti, Tandjung Posombuwang, about 3 km S of Timampu by M. Kottelat, 29.vi.1988, was not examined by me. Data were augmented by those in Kottelat (1990b). Other common names for this species are yellow finned medaka or yellow finned ricefish ( Seegers, 1997: 22).

Material examined: Twenty-one specimens (17.9– 46 mm SL).

Paratypes. INDONESIA. Sulawesi Selatan: Lake Towuti , Watidi, 4–7 km E of Timampu (field number 89–15), M. Kottelat & A. Werner, 15.iii.1989, CMK 6485 , 3 (female 40.5 mm, male 45.5 mm, and male 46 mm cleared and counterstained) .

Non-type specimens. INDONESIA. Sulawesi Selatan: Lake Towuti, Sungei Lingkoburanga where it enters lake, approx. 8 km S of Timampu, USNM 348530 , 6 (17.9–42.1 mm), L. R. Parenti, K. D. Louie & P. Haji, 9.viii.1995 ; Lake Towuti , first stream just S of Sungei Lingkoburanga where it enters lake, USNM 348575 , 12 (18.4–29.2 mm), L. R. Parenti, K. D. Louie & P. Haji, 9.viii.1995 .

Figures

Figure 53. Oryzias profundicola Kottelat, 1990b, Lake Towuti, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia, CMK 6485, male, 45.3 mm SL, above, female, 41.0 mm SL, below.