Oryzias celebensis, (WEBER, 1894)

Parenti, Lynne R., 2008, A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of ricefishes, Oryzias and relatives (Beloniformes, Adrianichthyidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (3), pp. 494-610 : 557-559

ORYZIAS CELEBENSIS ( WEBER, 1894)

CELEBES RICEFISH

FIGURES 14 , 26C

Haplochilus celebensis Weber, 1894: 426 [type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi, Makassar [Ujung Pandang] and Maros R. near Maros].- Boulenger, 1897: 429 [listed from Macassar (= Ujung Pandang), southern Celebes (Sulawesi)].- Nijssen et al., 1982: 70 [ZMA type specimens].

Aplocheilus celebensis .- Weber & de Beaufort, 1912: XX [recorded from Timor].- Weber & de Beaufort, 1922: 373 [synonymy; characters].- Aurich, 1935: 102–104 [comparisons; report from Lake Sidenreng; key].

Oryzias celebensis .- Rosen, 1964: 227 [classification in family Oryziatidae ].- Schrey, 1978: 335 [taxonomy of Oryzias ].- Uwa, Iwamatsu & Ojima, 1981: 95–99 [karyotype and banding analyses].- Hamaguchi, 1983: 553–561 [asymmetrical development of gonads].- Iwamatsu et al., 1984b: 653–663 [hybridization with O. latipes , characters].- Sakaizumi, 1985: 521–522 [electrophoretic comparisons].- Uwa, 1986: 867–875 [cytogenetic comparisons].- Whitten et al., 1987a: 295, table 4.10 [Sulawesi, distribution].- Whitten et al., 1987b: 43–48, table 1 [Sulawesi, conservation].- Uwa & Parenti, 1988: 159 [morphometric and cytogenetic comparisons].- Kottelat, 1990c: 735–736, fig. 9 [report from south-western arm of Sulawesi].- Kottelat et al., 1993: 89 [listed; characters].- Soeroto & Tungka, 1996: 1–5 [distribution, habitat].- Hamaguchi, 1996: 757–763 [description and comparison of testis structure].- Seegers, 1997: 15, 19 [listed, photograph].- Albert et al., 1999: 650 [brain weight]. Parenti, 2000a: 2150 [listed].- Larson & Pidgeon, 2004: 196, 198 [listed from East Timor].

Differential diagnosis: Oryzias celebensis and Oryzias timorensis are both relatively small ricefishes, reaching not more than 35 mm SL, with truncate caudal fins and a colour pattern characterized by dark brown to black vertical bars on the sides of the body, as in the larger-bodied Malili lakes buntingi. Oryzias celebensis differs from O. timorensis in having a relatively posterior dorsal-fin origin, opposite vertebra 22–23 (vs. 21), a deeper body (body depth 22–26 vs. 21–24% SL), and a dorsal body profile that is relatively straight from head to dorsal-fin origin (as opposed to arching gently).

Description: Small, maximum size of specimens examined 35 mm SL. Body compressed laterally, body depth 22–26 [26]. No pronounced abdominal concavity between pelvic fins and anal fin. Mouth terminal, jaws subequal or lower jaw projecting slightly beyond upper jaw. Dorsal body profile relatively straight head to dorsal-fin origin; ventral body profile somewhat convex from head to anal-fin origin. Dorsal surface of head slightly convex just anterior to orbits. Head length 24–26 [25]; snout length 5–9 [7]; eye moderate, 7–8 [7], orbits do not project beyond dorsal surface of head. Single-lobed testis on right side of body of males. Basal portion of dorsal and anal fin do not project significantly beyond primary body profile. Scales relatively large, cycloid; 29–33 [30] in a lateral series. Elongate, slightly filamentous dorsal- and anal-fin rays in males, the fourth dorsal-fin ray the longest; anal-fin rays without bony contact organs. Medialmost pelvic-fin ray connected to body via a membrane along its proximal half in males, along its entire length in females. Caudal fin truncate. Male with a short, slightly conical, tubular urogenital papilla; female with bilobed urogenital papilla.

Premaxilla short and broad with distinct ascending process; premaxilla and dentary with caniniform teeth in irregular rows; males with two or three enlarged posterior teeth on the premaxilla and dentary and fleshy lips through which the tooth tips project. No preethmoid cartilage; ossified portions of mesethmoid disc-shaped; anterior border of ethmoid cartilage irregular. No flanges on the ventral surface of the palatine and the quadrate. Dorsal ramus of hyomandibula not distinctly bifid, single cartilage articulates with sphenotic and pterotic. Lacrimal sensory canal carried in open bony groove. First pleural rib on parapophysis of third vertebra; first epipleural bone attaches to parapophysis of first vertebra dorsal to, and not in horizontal line with, posterior epipleural bones; lateral process of pelvic bone attaches to fourth pleural rib or lies between third and fourth pleural rib. Caudal skeleton with two epural bones; one or two ventral accessory bones (in specimens with only one, the element appears to be composed of two accessory bones united). Fifth ceratobranchial toothplate suboval, with teeth in irregular rows anteriorly, followed by eight discrete rows of unicuspid teeth, including a small, incomplete posterior row. Basihyal bone triangular, basihyal cartilage extremely long, broad and rectangular. Epibranchial elements fully ossified; epibranchial 2 notably smaller than the other epibranchial elements.

Dorsal-fin rays 8–10 [8]. Anal-fin rays 17–23 [20]. Pelvic-fin rays 6. Pectoral-fin rays 10–11 [11]. Principal caudal-fin rays i,4–5/5,i [i,4/5,i]. Procurrent finrays, dorsal 4, ventral 5–7 [5]. Vertebrae 30–31 (11– 12 + 18–20)[30 (11 + 19)]. Branchiostegal rays 5–6 [5].

Cytogenetic data: Oryzias celebensis is a species with a fused chromosome constitution (sensu Uwa, 1986, 1991a, b; Table 2). Oryzias celebensis has 36 diploid chromosomes, including eight metacentrics, four submetacentrics and 24 or 26 acrocentrics. The four metacentric pairs are extremely large and hypothesized to have been formed by centric fusion. Chromosome arm number totals 48.

Colour in life: Body nearly transparent dorsal to midline and posterior to silvery peritoneum, subrectangular in females, subtriangular in males, and both sexes with a silvery opercular region. Caudal fin with yellow–orange dorsal and ventral submarginal band.

Colour in alcohol: Type specimens nearly all faded to a uniform light straw colour, except for silver peritoneum. Ground colour pale straw. Females with a subrectangular, males with a smaller, subtriangular black peritoneum. A discrete row of melanophores from the dorsal surface of the head to the dorsal-fin origin, a diffuse, faint midlateral black line on the body from the posterior extent of the head to the caudal fin, distinctly darker from midbody to base of the caudal fin and onto the caudal fin on the membrane just dorsal and ventral to the first ray above and below the midline, respectively. Diffuse light to dark brown bars extend dorsal and ventral to the midline, especially in mature males. In some specimens (e.g. CAS 58034), medial dorsal-fin rays are jet black and there is a jet black blotch on the base of the caudal peduncle. A faint black line along the anal-fin base. Interradial membranes of all fins with scattered melanophores.

Distribution and habitat: Lives in the south-western arm of Sulawesi ( Parenti & Soeroto, 2004: fig. 1) in Lake Tempe and inland and coastal rivers and streams (see Soeroto & Tungka, 1996), and River Mota Talau area, East Timor ( Weber & de Beaufort, 1912; Larson & Pidgeon, 2004).

Remarks: The original description concludes (p. 426): ‘Grösste Länge 3.8 cm (mit gerechnet)’ [Greatest length 3.8 cm (caudal fin included)]. The largest specimen in ZMA 112.585, a female approximately 38 mm TL, 29.5 mm SL, is herein designated the lectotype of Haplochilus celebensis . Remaining specimens in that lot, now ZMA 123.748 and ZMA 100.567, the other syntype lot ( Nijssen et al., 1982: 70), are now paralectotypes. Morphometric and meristic data are supplemented by those in Aurich (1935) and Uwa & Parenti (1988). Data for the lectotype are given in brackets, above. Another common name for this species is the Celebes medaka ( Seegers, 1997: 19).

Material examined: 344 specimens (8.2–35 mm SL).

Lectotype of Haplochilus celebensis . INDONESIA. Sulawesi: Makassar [Ujung Pandang], Maros R. near Maros , ZMA 112.585 , 1 , (female, 28.5 mm), designated herein.

Paralectotypes of Haplochilus celebensis . Sulawesi: Makassar [Ujung Pandang], Maros R. near Maros, ZMA 123.748 (formerly ZMA 112.585 ), 18 (15– 28 mm); Sawah, ZMA 100.567 , 26 (16.0– 28.2 mm), M. Weber, 1888 .

Non-type specimens. INDONESIA. Sulawesi Selatan: road from Ujung Pandang to Malino, Sungai Jeneberang at Desa Lanna , Kecamatan Parangloe , Kab. Gowa, ZSM/LIPI 19 , 11 (22.4–31.5 mm), M. Kottelat, 9.vi.1988; Ujung Pandang , BMNH 1912.12.30: 8–9, 2(28.5–32 mm), CAS 58034, 40 (26.0–29.0 mm, 4 of which have been cleared and counterstained), K. Hirota & T. Iwamatsu, ii.1979, maintained as a laboratory stock and preserved 29.xi.1985 by H. Uwa; Pangkep, Minasatene, Panaekang (Area Longron): USNM 340423 , 2 (19.2– 21.8 mm) K. Louie & T. Amos, 24.vii.1995; Gowa, Limbung, approx. 5 km SE of road from Ujung Pandang to Patalasang, USNM 340424 , 20 (15.5– 25.8 mm, 2 of which have been cleared and counterstained), L. R. Parenti, K. D. Louie & T. Amos, 3.viii.1995. Maros, Tanralili, approx. 12 km SE of turnoff at Batanahse on road from Ujung Pandang to Maros; Carangki village , USNM 340421 , 217 (9.4– 24.5 mm), L. R. Parenti, K. D. Louie & T. Amos, 5.viii.1995; Maros, Tanralili, approx. 15 km SE of turnoff at Batanahse on road from Ujung Pandang to Maros; at Maros dam, USNM 340427 , 12 (8.2– 28.1 mm), L. R. Parenti, K. D. Louie & T. Amos, 5.viii.1995. Aquarium specimens: USNM 316513 , 5 (30–35 mm, cleared and counterstained) .

Figures

Figure 14. Oryzias celebensis (Weber, 1894), Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia, ZSM/LIPI 19, male, 31.4 mm SL, above, female, 29.1 mm SL, below.

Figure 26. A, Oryzias setnai, CAS 56255, male, 18 mm SL, SEMX134. B, Oryzias javanicus, CAS 58026, adult male, 26 mm SL, SEMX53. C, Oryzias celebensis, CAS 58034, adult female, 29 mm SL, SEMX40, teeth on right half of toothplate dislodged during specimen preparation. D, Oryzias bonneorum, ZMA 123.863, female, 40 mm SL, SEMX23. SEM of a right fifth ceratobranchial bone and toothplate. Anterior is up.