Adrianichthys kruyti, WEBER, 1913

Parenti, Lynne R., 2008, A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of ricefishes, Oryzias and relatives (Beloniformes, Adrianichthyidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (3), pp. 494-610 : 544-545

ADRIANICHTHYS KRUYTI WEBER, 1913

TEBINGKOLO

FIGURE 32

Adrianichthys kruyti Weber, 1913: 198–206 , figs 1–4 [type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi Tengah, Lake Poso].- Weber & de Beaufort, 1922: 379–381 [comparisons, distribution].- Rosen, 1964: 222–263 [systematics, characters, comparisons].- Nijssen, van Tuijl & Isbrücker, 1982: 69 [ZMA type specimen].- Parenti, 1987: 569 [characters, comparisons].- Whitten et al., 1987a: 295, table 4.10 [distribution].- Whitten et al., 1987b: 43–48, table 1, fig. 2 [conservation].- Kottelat, 1990a: 57–58, table 2 [characters, photographs].- Soeroto & Tungka, 1996: 22–26 [distribution, conservation status].- Seegers, 1997: 15, 18 [listed, photograph].- Parenti & Soeroto, 2004: 10–19 [comparisons, conservation status].

Adrianichthys kruytii .- Soeroto & Tungka, 1991: 12–14 [listed, habitat].

Differential diagnosis: Adrianichthys kruyti is distinguished from all other ricefishes by the autapomorphy of an enlarged, overhanging, ‘duck-bill’-shaped upper jaw that completely encloses the lower jaw in adults. In addition, A. kruyti differs from its sister species, A. roseni , by having more scales in a lateral series (approximately 70–75 vs. 63–65), relatively posterior pelvic fins (opposite vertebra 10 as opposed to vertebra 7) and attaining a greater recorded maximum standard length (109 vs. 90 mm). Adrianichthys kruyti is like A. roseni , and differs from its other congeners, A. oophorus and A. poptae , by having large orbits that project markedly beyond the dorsal profile of the head; paired (rather than single) preethmoid cartilages; and 13–17 dorsal-fin rays (vs. 8–13 dorsalfin rays).

Description: Large-bodied, maximum size of specimens examined 109 mm SL. Body slender, elongate and laterally compressed; body depth 14–20 [18]. No pronounced abdominal concavity between pelvic fins and anal fin. Mouth subterminal, elongate upper and lower jaws; enlarged, overhanging, duck-bill-shaped, upper jaw completely encloses lower jaw. Dorsal and ventral body profile relatively straight from head to dorsal- and anal-fin origins. Head length 34–35 [35]; snout length 16; eye moderate to large, 8–10 [10], orbits project beyond dorsal surface of head; dorsal surface of head concave, articulation point of palatine and maxilla projects beyond dorsal profile. Fleshy, incompletely scaly, basal portion of dorsal and anal fins project beyond primary body profile. Scales small, cycloid and relatively deciduous, 70–75 in a lateral series. Anal-fin rays without contact organs. Short, slightly bilobed, urogenital papilla in some specimens. Medialmost pelvic-fin ray not connected to body via a membrane. Caudal fin slightly lunate, dorsal and ventral caudal-fin rays longer than middle rays.

Premaxilla flat and broad with no distinct articular or ascending processes, nearly confluent with maxilla; premaxilla and dentary with pavement dentition comprising four to five irregular rows of small, villiform teeth; no enlarged, caniniform teeth on posterolateral ramus of premaxilla or dentary. Paired preethmoid cartilages; ossified portions of mesethmoid discshaped; anterior border of ethmoid cartilage straight. Palatine and quadrate articulate via elongate flanges that overlap anteriorly. Dorsal ramus of hyomandibula bifid, separate cartilages articulate with sphenotic and pterotic. Lacrimal sensory canal carried in open bony groove. First pleural rib on parapophysis of third vertebra; lateral process of pelvic bone attaches to eighth pleural rib. Caudal skeleton with two epural bones; one long, relatively straight, ventral accessory bone. Fifth ceratobranchial toothplates subtriangular with pavement dentition anteriorly followed posteriorly by eight to nine discrete tooth rows; no small, incomplete posterior row. Basihyal bone elongate and triangular; basihyal cartilage rectangular. Epibranchial elements fully ossified; epibranchial 2 with a broad point of articulation with ceratobranchial cartilage.

Dorsal-fin rays 14–17 [16]. Anal-fin rays 24–25 [24]. Pelvic-fin rays 6. Pectoral-fin rays 14–16 [15]. Principal caudal-fin rays i,5/6,i. Procurrent fin-rays, dorsal 5, ventral 6–7. Vertebrae 36 (14–15 + 21–22). Branchiostegal rays 5.

Cytogenetic data: Unknown.

Colour in life: Unknown.

Colour in alcohol: Ground colour pale yellow, belly pale whitish yellow. Dorsal surface of head and dorsal and lateral surface of body with minute, sparse to dense, dark brown to black chromatophores that outline myomeres in some specimens. Fins with scattered light brown chromatophores or hyaline. Holotype completely bleached.

Distribution and habitat: A pelagic species endemic to Lake Poso, Sulawesi Tengah ( Parenti & Soeroto, 2004: fig. 1).

Remarks: Data were augmented by those in Kottelat (1990a: table 3). Other common names for this species are duckbilled buntingi or duck-bill poso minnow ( Seegers, 1997: 18).

Material examined: Four specimens (76.7–109 mm SL).

Holotype. INDONESIA. Sulawesi Tengah: Lake Poso , A. C. Kruyt, i.1913, ZMA 100.643 , 1 (109 mm).

Non-type specimens. INDONESIA. Sulawesi Tengah: Lake Poso, at its outlet, immediately north of Tentena , ZMH 22571, 1 (single female specimen in two pieces: head and pectoral girdle, and body from anal-fin origin to posterior extent of caudal fin), ZMH 22572, 1 (86.7 mm), CMK 5776 , 1 (formerly ZSM 27821) (76.7 mm, eviscerated), S. Gütebier, P. Sander, J. Weber & S. Zabansky, ix.1983 .

Figures

Figure 32. Adrianichthys kruyti Weber, 1913, Lake Poso, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia, ZMH 22572, male, 86.7 mm SL.