Lucilia bufonivora Moniez, 1876

Tantawi, Tarek I. & Whitworth, Terry, 2014, First record of Lucilia bufonivora Moniez, 1876 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from North America and key to North American species of the L. bufonivora species group, Zootaxa 3881 (2), pp. 101-124 : 103-104

Lucilia bufonivora Moniez, 1876

( Figs 3–4 , 10 , 13 , 21–25 , 32 , 35, 38, 42–43 , 47 )

Lucilia bufonivora Moniez, 1876: 25 . Syntypes, unspecified number of males and females reared from larvae infesting three live toads (not located). Type locality: Raismes (Nord), France.

Bufolucilia bufonivora: Townsend 1919: 542 , as type species of genus Bufolucilia Townsend, 1919 ; Gregor et al. 1971: 106; Baumgartner 1988: 21.

Lucilia bufonivora: Collin 1926: 260 ; Lundbeck 1927: 144; Séguy 1928: 151; Aubertin 1933: 419; Brumpt, 1934: 81; Emden 1954: 123; Spence 1954: 29; Zumpt 1956: 44, 1965: 56; Schumann 1971: 8; Mihályi 1977: 182; Rognes 1980: 47, 1981: 119, 1991: 156; Grunin 1988: 1008; Neumann & Meyer 1994: 331; Stevens & Wall 1996: 1087; Draber-Mońko 2004: 439; McDonagh & Stevens 2011: 1760; Martín et al. 2012: 433.

Lucilia (Bufolucilia) bufonivora: Fan 1965: 175 ; Schuman 1986: 22; Fan et al. 1997: 200; Verves 2005: 250; Verves & Khrokalo 2010: 27; Draber-Mońko 2013: 142.

Distribution. Holarctic: Europe ( Schuman 1986; Verves 2005; Verves & Khrokalo 2010; Martín et al. 2012 Rognes 1991, 2013); Asia: China (Beijing, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Neimenggu, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Hunan) ( Fan et al. 1997), Kazakhstan, Russia (Siberia: Altay, Novosibirsk Region, Krasnoyarskiy Krai) ( Grunin 1988; Verves & Khrokalo 2010), Tibet, Transcaucasia ( Verves & Khrokalo 2010), North Korea (Draber- Mońko 2013); North Africa ( Schuman 1986; Verves & Khrokalo 2010; Rognes 2013); North America (first record in this study): western Canada (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia) (see Appendix 1).

Diagnosis. Confirmation of our identification of North American specimens of L. bufonivora is based on the male and female terminalia as described by Rognes (1991).

Both sexes: Distance between the rearmost presutural acrostichal setae distinctly less than (in most specimens examined) ( Fig. 10 ) or almost equal to the distance between presutural acrostichal and dorsocentral setae in rear row. This state is also shared by L. elongata ( Fig. 11 ). In L. silvarum , distance between rearmost presutural acrostichal setae equal to (in most specimens examined) ( Fig. 9 ) or slightly less than distance between rearmost presutural acrostichal and dorsocentral setae in rear row. Two or 3 postsutural acrostichal setae (see discussion under comments on the key). Upper and lower calypters pale as in L. elongata . In L. silvarum , upper calypter pale and lower calypter tan in male and upper and lower calypters pale in female.

Male: Frons 0.094 (0.09–0.10/7) of head width ( Fig. 3 ), wider than frons in L. silvarum ( Fig. 1 ) and narrower than frons in L. elongata ( Fig. 5 ). For male frons width measurements of the two last species, see the key below. Abdomen of normal length and oval as in L. silvarum . In L. elongata , the abdomen is elongated. T3 and T4 usually with 1–5 discal setae, in addition to T5 (see discussion under comments on the key regarding discal setae). ST5 normal, shorter than T5 ( Fig. 13 ) as in L. silvarum ( Fig. 12 ). In L. elongata , T5 is larger and as long as T5 ( Fig. 14 ).

Cercus straight, slightly dilated apically in profile and without apical hook ( Fig.21 ). In L. silvarum , cercus with apical hook ( Fig. 16 ). Surstylus parallel-sided in profile with blunt tip ( Fig. 21 ). In L. silvarum , surstylus long and slender with apical half evenly tapering in profile ( Fig. 16 ), whereas in L. elongata , surstylus with a straight upper edge and a lower rounded edge, tip slightly upturned in profile ( Fig. 26 ). Aedeagus as described for L. bufonivora species group (see above) ( Figs 23–25 ). Pre- and postgonites as in Fig. 32 . Bacilliform sclerites with a characteristic median round projection ( Fig. 35 ) which is not found in the bacilliform sclerites of L. silvarum ( Fig. 34 ) or L. elongata ( Fig. 36 ). Ejaculatory sclerite as in Fig. 38 .

Female: Frons 0.30 (0.3–0.31/7) of head width (narrower than frons in L. silvarum or L. elongata ; for female frons width measurements of these two species, see the key below) and narrower than eye when seen from above, frontal vitta parallel-sided ( Fig. 4 ). It should be noted that the parallel-sided frontal vitta in L. bufonivora females is a reliable feature to easily separate the females of this species from those of L. silvarum and L. elongata . In the two last species, the frontal vitta is not parallel-sided but widened towards vertex ( Figs 2, 6 ). T7 divided completely into two broad halves ( Fig. 42 ) as in L. elongata ( Fig. 44 ). In L. silvarum , T7 almost completely divided ( Fig. 40 ). Cercus elongate (narrow) and epiproct microtichose ( Fig. 42 ). In L. silvarum ( Fig. 40 ) and L. elongata ( Fig. 44 ), cercus lobate and epiproct non-microtichose. ST6 and ST7 broad, the latter shaped distally like a broad semi-circle and with numerous setae ( Fig. 43 ). ST8 small with the distal part shaped as a broad or incomplete semi-circle. However, Rognes (1991) described the shape of distal part of ST8 as almost a circle. In L. silvarum , ST7 narrow apically; ST8 long and rectangular in shape ( Fig. 41 ). In L. elongata , ST7 distally constricted then dilated with a median extension or process, whereas ST8 with distal part almost a circle ( Fig. 45 ). Spermathecae as in Fig. 47 .

Description. See Rognes (1991) for a more detailed description of this species.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 6. Head, anterior view. 1 – 2. Lucilia silvarum. 1. Male. 2. Female. 3 – 4. L. bufonivora. 3. Male. 4. Female. 5 – 6. L. elongata. 5. Male. 6. Female.

FIGURES 7 – 11. 7 – 8. Head, anterior view, Lucilia thatuna. 7. Male. 8. Female. 9 – 11. Setae on presutural area of notum. 9. Lucilia silvarum. 10. L. bufonivora. 11. L. elongata. Abbreviations: ac = acrostichal seta, dc = dorsocentral seta.

FIGURES 12 – 15. Male abdominal sternites, ventral view. 12. Lucilia silvarum. 13. L. bufonivora. 14. L. elongata. 15. L. thatuna. Abbreviations: ST = abdominal sternite.

FIGURES 21 – 25. Lucilia bufonivora. Male terminalia. 21. Lateral view. 22. Posterior view. 23. Aedeagus, lateral view. 24. Tip of paraphallus, lateral view. 25. Distiphallus, dorsal view.

FIGURES 31 – 39. Male terminalia. 31 – 33. Pre- and postgonites. 31. Lucilia silvarum. 32. L. bufonivora. 33. L. elongata. 34 – 36. Bacilliform sclerites. 34. L. silvarum. 35. L. bufonivora. 36. L. elongata. 37 – 39. Ejaculatory sclerite. 37. L. silvarum. 38. L. bufonivora. 39. L. elongata. Abbreviations: pgt = postgonite, pregt = pregonite.

FIGURES 40 – 43. Ovipositor. 40 – 41. Lucilia silvarum. 40. Dorsal view. 41. Ventral view. 42 – 43. L. bufonivora. 42. Dorsal view. 43. Ventral view. Abbreviations: cerc = cercus, epiprct = epiproct, hyprct = hypoproct, ST = abdominal sternite, T = abdominal tergite.

FIGURES 44 – 48. Female terminalia. 44 – 45. Ovipositor of Lucilia elongata. 44. Dorsal view. 45. Ventral view. 46 – 48. Spermathecae. 46. L. silvarum. 47. L. bufonivora. 48. L. elongata.

FIGURES 16 – 20. Lucilia silvarum. Male terminalia. 16. Lateral view. 17. Posterior view. 18. Aedeagus, lateral view. 19. Tip of paraphallus, lateral view. 20. Distiphallus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: acroph = acrophallus, basiph = basiphallus, epiph = epiphallus, hypoph lb = hypophallic lobe, lt dt = lateral duct, mesohypoph = mesohypophallus, paraph = paraphallus, v pl = ventral plate.

FIGURES 26 – 30. Lucilia elongata. Male terminalia. 26. Lateral view. 27. Posterior view. 28. Aedeagus, lateral view. 29. Tip of paraphallus, lateral view. 30. Distiphallus, dorsal view.