Bakerius Bondar.

Dooley, John W. & Smith-Pardo, Allan, 2016, Five new species of Bakerius Bondar (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae: Aleurodicinae) from the Americas and Vietnam, Insecta Mundi 2016 (518), pp. 1-59 : 5-7

Bakerius Bondar.

Type-species: Bakerius phrygilanthi Bondar, 1923 , by original designation.

Description (English translation of 1923 description from Portuguese). Forewing rounded with radius, radial sector, medium and cubitus; generally maculate. Head conical; antenna 7-segmented, of which the third is the longest; genital pincers (=claspers) of the male, long and straight. Nymph with compound wax glands (=compound pores): one cephalic pair and two pairs on the first (and second) abdominal segments. Vasiform orifice reticulated on the bottom (floor) on the second half; lingula included. Margin with a row of large marginal teeth. The wing maculations of the two species of Bakerius Bondar are similar to Leonardius Quaintance and Baker (1913) , Dialeurodicus Cockerell (1902) , and less to Quaintancius Bondar (1923). The genus is named for Dr. A. C. Baker, whose kindness we owe a lot to in the preparation of this work.

Diagnosis. Puparium habitus. Body ovoid, widest at level of T3 and A1 setae with cephalic margin evenly rounded and caudal margin slightly obtuse or rounded. Lateral margin crenulate or finely dentate with one or two rows of submarginal glands appearing as row(s) of hyaline teeth that are rounded apically and oriented toward but does not extend past the margin ( Fig. 20b ). Tracheal and caudal clefts, folds, and furrows indistinct; subdorsal fold absent.

Dorsum. Brownish pigmented patches absent or present ( Fig. 1). Longitudinal suture terminates at the base of the marginal tooth; transverse suture terminates at the base of the metathoracic leg. The pro-mesothoracic suture terminates less than 1/4 the distance from the midline to the base of the mesothoracic leg; the meso-metathoracic suture terminates about half the distance from the midline to the base of the metathoracic leg. CP1, CP2, and CP3 present with CP1on cephalon, CP2 on A2 and CP3 on A3 or A4; each compound pore armed with cone or wand-shaped central process. Dorsum of A7 with a pair of pouches directly anterior to the vasiform orifice.

Vasiform orifice. Cordate, reticulated on posterior half of orifice, operculum rectangular with lateral rounded margins, a straight anterior margin and a bisinuate (wavy) posterior margin bisinuate. Lingula included within vasiform orifice, with head exposed beyond posterior margin of operculum and with two pairs of subapical setae.

Pores. CP1, CP2 (on A2), and CP3 (on A3 or 4) present ( Fig. 1); loculate and simple minute pores ( Fig. 27) present in a row at the base of the marginal teeth and distributed throughout the pupal case either as solitary or clusters of two or more pores.

Chaetotaxy. ASMeS present (C1 near anterior margin, C2 anterior to rostrum), and ASMeS(T1, T2, and T3); cephalothoracic pairs of subdorsal setae present (ASDS); dorsal pairs of abdominal submedian setae present: PSMeS(A8) and CS; PSDS present; PSMeS absent on A1 to A7. Pair of ventral setae present at base of each leg (AVS); PVS absent or present, PVS(A8) and PVS(VO) present.

Venter. Antennae extending lateral to the basal segment of the T2 legs; apical two-thirds of antenna annulated. Legs each with a terminating hook-like process with the apical segment of the T1 leg oriented towards the anterior margin and the T2 and T3 legs oriented downwards.

Diagnosis. Stage 2 and 3 nymphs ( Fig. 3, 9, 10 , 12, and 22). Nymphs pale, oval to elongate; with irregular margin; a pair of pouches present anterior to vasiform orifice. CP1, CP2, and CP3 absent in stage 2 but developed in stage 3. Cephalic submedian, subdorsal seta, submedian PSMeS (A8) and CS present; AMS, PMS, PVS(A8 and VO) present or absent; PVS (T2 and T3) present. Legs three segmented and oriented toward the lateral margin; antenna short and with hooked shape.

Diagnosis. Adult female ( Fig. 5, 14, and 18). Females display little species-specific characters other than the maculations on the wings ( Fig. 20f ) or lack of them on the hind wings of Bakerius maculatus ( Penny and Arias 1980) . Eleven specimens were available as illustrations, digital images or available for study [ Aleuroctartus destructor Mackie , Aleurodicus (Douglas) , Bakerius (Bondar) , and Paraleyrodes (Quaintance) ]. The cement gland found in some Aleyrodinae has not been found in the Aleurodicinae females to date. The cephalic vertices of Bakerius attenuatus and B. hondurensis sp. nov. are angular (cone-shaped) whereas vertices of the other species and genera ranged from truncate to rounded or were undetermined due to distortion.

Diagnosis. Adult male ( Fig. 6 and 13). The ratio of the length to the width of the A9 segment is a morphologically specific character that may separate Bakerius from the other Aleurodicine genera except Udamoscelus estrellamarinae Martin.

Comments. Bondar (1923) described the genus Bakerius from Brazil. Since then, species of the genus have been collected in other Central and South American countries and intercepted from Vietnam in quarantine at Jamaica, New York. This genus differs from all other genera in the pupal stage by having one pair cephalic and two pairs of abdominal compound pores on segment A4 and on either A2 or A3, and the absence (except for one species) of agglomerate pores characteristic of Leonardius Quaintance and Baker (1913) . Pigmentation of the puparia varies from being entirely pale to variously pigmented ( Fig. 1). The pigmented pattern appears to be very constant for all of the species except for B. attenuatus that varies greatly from being entirely pale to having large pigmented areas on the dorsal cuticle (as stated in Bondar (1923) and in specimens examined from the USNHM). The body shape of species in the genus also varies from elongate to ovoid and from radially concentric to slightly asymmetric.

Some of the species are only described from the adult form. The adults all have the characteristic maculated wing patterns; with the costa, subcosta, radius, R1, R2, and cubitus veins; and the elongated A9 segment known only in the male. The ratios of the length to width of A9 segment of Bakerius ranged from two to five times longer than wide compared to four species of Paraleyrodes (0.7 times longer than wide), 20 specimens of Aleuroctartus destructor (Mackie) and Aleurodicus spp. (ranging from 0.8 to 1.7 times longer than wide), Dialeurodicus sp. 1.5 times longer than wide, and Leonardius sp. 1.6 times longer than wide.

In Udamoscelus, the length of the A9 segment is 2 times its width but the aedeagus and wing venation and maculations are not like that of Bakerius . The aedeagus in Bakerius is simple, curving upwards whereas for Udamoscelus the aedeagus is elbowed with two large and possibly up to four smaller fingerlike projections. The wing maculations are the only character so far to allow for the identification of most Bakerius species adults.

Key to the adult stages of the species of Bakerius ( Penny and Arias 1980) but does not include all species (key with permission from Penny and Arias).

1.

—

Hind wings without spots ....................................................... B. maculatus Penny and Arias Hind wings with spots ( Fig. 23 ) ................................................................................................... 2

2(1).

— Forewings with small distinctive spots ........................................................................................ 3 Forewing with diffused spots and opaque areas ( Fig. 23 ) ........................................................... 6

3(2). Forewing with one distinctive spot between R and Rs veins ..................... B. calmoni Bondar

— Forewing with two distinctive spot between R and Rs veins ...................................................... 4

4(3). Forewing with basal costal spot isolated from margin ............................. B. sublatus Bondar

— Forewing with basal costal spot contiguous with margin .......................................................... 5

5(4). Hind wing with 8 spots; forewing less than 1900 μm long ................... B. attenuatus Bondar

— Hind wing with 7 spots; forewing more than 2000 μm long ............. B. glandulosus Hempel

6(2). Forewing with complete apical band (dark opaque area) and subapical band from R vein to costal margin ( Fig. 20f ) ....................................................................... B. phrygilanthi Bondar

— Forewing with apical band interrupted and subapical band appearing as spot between R vein and costal margin .......................................................................................................................... 7

7(6). Forewing with basal half of costal area and near apical margin without spots .......................... ........................................................................................................ B. conspurcatus (Endelein)

— Forewing with spots on basal half of costal area and near apical margin ................................ 8

8(7). Forewing with 4 large spots between R and M veins; hind wing with minute spots between R and Rs veins ( Fig. 23 ) ............................................................................ B. sanguineus Bondar

— Forewing with only 1 large and 2 intermediate spots between R and Rs veins ........................... .............................................................................................. B. amazonicus Penny and Arias

Figures

Figure 10. Bakerius colombianus (stage 2 nymph). a) pale habitus; b) dentate margin and submargin; c) ASDS, ASMeS (C1 and C2), antenna, and rostrum; d) AVS on T2 and T3 at base of legs; e) PSMeS(A8), PVS(VO), vasiform orifice with operculum, lingula, and posterior tubercle; f) CS, PMS, PSDS, and vasiform orifice.

Figure 23. Bakerius sanguineus: wings and wing venation.

Figure20. Bakerius phrygilanthi (pupa and adult male). a) pigmented habitus; b) marginal teeth with the basal collar; c) ASMeS (C1 and C2), loculate pore; d) compound pore with central process missing; e) vasiform orifice with operculum and lingula; f) wings front wing veins: costa-subcosta, radius, radius 1 and radius 2 (fork), and cubitus; g) A8 elongated segment with unknown ventral appendage, dorsal operculum, lingula; claspers and aedeagus; h) enlargement of unknown structure.