Bakerius peruvianus Dooley and Smith-Pardo, 2016

Dooley, John W. & Smith-Pardo, Allan, 2016, Five new species of Bakerius Bondar (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae: Aleurodicinae) from the Americas and Vietnam, Insecta Mundi 2016 (518), pp. 1-59 : 25-32

Host. Baccharis genistelloides (Lam.) Pers. (Asteraceae)

Material examined. No specimen or illustration available.

Comments. This species was cited in Hempel (1923) as having two full rows of fully developed “crenulations” close to the finely crenulated margin. All other species have one full row of fully developed teeth except for the pale species B. glandulosus .

Bakerius peruvianus Dooley and Smith-Pardo sp. nov.

( Fig. 17-19)

Diagnosis. Puparium of B. peruvianus differs from other Bakerius species by the following combination of characters: body elongate, tapering toward the cephalic and caudal margins with marginal teeth reduced in width at the tracheal margin and the margin directly posterior to the PMS. Brown pigmentation surrounding the rostrum from the median to the subdorsum with pale area surrounding the cephalic compound pores; thoracic segments with brown bands from the median to the inner base of the legs and fading into the submargin; A1 and A2 each with brown median to submedian band gradually fading toward the submargin; each abdominal compound pore surrounded by a pale area; A3 to A6 with median brown patch extending beyond outer margin of compound pore pale area fading to the submargin and alternating with a narrow subdorsum to submargin pale bands; A7 and A8 with a median to submedian pigmented band surrounding the vasiform orifice and extending to the posterior caudal margin. Bakerius peruvianus differs from B. asiaticus by its pigmented pattern, by the central processes being fimbriate, from Peru, and the only species feeding on ferns; whereas B. asiaticus is differently pigmented (see description), the central processes are apically acute, and is only known from Vietnam.

Description. Puparium habitus. Shape and coloration in vivo unknown. Measurements in microns (μm) were taken from nine of 13 puparia examined (USNHM). Slide mounted puparium. Body elongate (longer than wide with anterior and posterior apical margins tapering into an acute angle ( Fig. 19a ). Puparium 1605-1704 [1654] long by 988-1086 [1038] wide with the holotype 1660 long by 1050 wide.

Dorsal pigmentation. Brown pigmented patches: lighter brown patches surrounding the rostrum from the median to the subdorsum with pale area surrounding the cephalic compound pores; thoracic segments with brown bands from the median to the inner base of the legs and fading into the submargin; A1 and A2 each with brown median to submedian band gradually fading toward the submargin; each abdominal compound pore surrounded by a pale area; A3 to A6 with median brown patch extending beyond outer margin of compound pore pale area fading to the submargin and alternating with a narrow subdorsum to submargin pale bands; A7 and A8 with a median to submedian pigmented band surrounding the vasiform orifice and extending to the posterior caudal margin ( Fig. 1g, 19a ). Cuticle smooth except for subdorsal or submarginal lightly tessellated patches.

Margin. Smooth ( Fig. 19b, d ) with a row of apically rounded teeth, subequal in width; basal area of teeth forming a narrow collar ( Fig. 19b ); 6-8 [7] teeth are found within 100 μm. Each tooth apically rounded with lateral borders of the teeth varying from 5 to 21 μm wide, the narrowest width of the marginal teeth is across from the C1 compound pore and posterior to the PMS ( Fig. 19b ); marginal teeth with 2-3 prong structures arising from between the teeth and extending to the margin (best seen at 40x phase contrast).

Pores. CP1 , CP2 (on A2 ), and CP3 (on A4 ) present ( Fig. 19a ). Central lumen consisting of a clear center, outer narrow annulus (ring of cells) with larger cells and a narrow inner annulus with smaller cells. CP1 compound pores: 38-45 [42] in diameter and the holotype 42 and 44, CP2 : 44-61 [54] and the holotype: 54 and 56, and CP3 : 44-55 [49] and the holotype: 51 and 55. Central process (when not missing or broken) is a light brown ( Fig. 19f ), elongated cone extending well beyond the rim of the pore, with faint longitudinal striations, and apically fimbriate. CP1 central process: 67-84 [80] long and the holotype: 80-84 ; CP2 central process: 78-104 [94] and the holotype: 95 and 93, and CP3 : 83- 101 [96] and the holotype: 102 and 104. Minute dorsal loculate pores ( Fig. 19h ) with a bright center (with a ring of faint 4-5 locules) ranged in diameter 5-7 (measuring 17 pores) with the holotype 6, most numerous around the vasiform orifice and distributed throughout the cuticle and along the basal row of teeth ; simple disc pores of various sizes (not closely associated with compound pore) distributed on the dorsum from solitary to clusters of 2-3 more numerous around the vasiform orifice ( Fig. 19i ). Pores within the cluster are separated no more than 2× their distance from each other in relation to their diameter.

Chaetotaxy. Marginal, subdorsal, and submedian setae present ( Fig. 19d, e, g ). Anterior and posterior marginal setae present ( Fig. 19d, g ) with AMS 11-43 [35] long with the holotype 43 and 43, and the PMS 32-66 [54] long with the holotype 53 and 62 ; dorsal submedian setae (ASMeS and PSMeS) present ( Fig. 19d, c, g ) on segments C1 (close to the submargin), C2 (anterior and lateral margin of the rostrum), T1 , T2 , T3 and A8 ( Fig. 19e ). ASMeS( C1 )14-30 [23] with the holotype 14 and 15, ASMeS( C2 ) 17-30 [22] with the holotype 23 and 28, ASMeS( T1 ) 22-32 [26] with the holotype 30 and the other seta missing, ASMeS( T2 ) 22-37 [27] with the holotype 32 and the other seta missing, ASMeS( T3 ) 26-37 [31] with the holotype 32 and 34 (( Fig. 19d ); PSMeS( A8 ) 34-46 [37] long with the holotype 36 and 41 ( Fig. 19e ) ; AVS ( T2 ) 31-51 [41] and holotype: 45 and 46, AVS ( T3 ) 39-56 [51] and the holotype: 32 and 34, PVS ( A8 ) absent, PVS ( VO) 51-88 [71] on the submedian of vasiform orifice ventrad of the operculum with the holotype 76 and 88 ( Fig. 19i ) ; and the CS present at the base of the inner teeth 19-40 [34] with the holotype 35 and 39 ; 11-12 ASDS with 69 setal lengths measured and 13-14 PSDS subdorsal row of setae with 68 setal lengths measured: ASDS 11-38 [23] and PSDS 21-43 [35] long ; the holotype with the ASDS setae measured 19-31 long and the PSDS measured 27-40 long ( Fig. 19g ) .

Vasiform orifice. Cordate in shape ( Fig. 19i ); measured 106-123 [116] long and 89-99 [95] wide with the holotype 123 long and 99 wide. Operculum rectangular with a uniform rounded lateral margins and marked with a narrow spinulose U-shaped band and an anterior median half with a faintly corrugated pattern ( Fig. 19h, i ), 50-57 long [54] long and 78-94 [85] wide with the holotype being 57 long by 86 wide; lingula spatulate (slightly longer than wide) and spinulose 64-71 [68] long by 50-63 [57] wide with the holotype 68 long by 510 wide; tubercle small and oval in several specimens. Distance from posterior margin of vasiform orifice to the margin between the caudal setae is 236-262 [247] with the holotype 239.

Venter. Antennae long, annulated on the distal 2/3 of its length. Legs appear 3-segmented with forelegs oriented toward anterior margin and T2 and T3 oriented toward posterior margins. Apical tarsal segment of legs 2 and 3 with a pair of setae at midpoint.

Description. Adult female ( Fig. 17). Measurements in microns (μm) were taken from one specimen from the USNHM. Slide mounted specimen. Adult measurement at 10x power of the compound microscope: length 1935 long by 790 wide from the cephalic vertex to the apical end of the ovipositor with the widest point at A1.

Cephalon. Slightly rounded at the vertex ( Fig. 17d). Antennae 7-segmented with segments 3 to 7 annulated and with rows of microtrichia. Antennal segment 1 spinulose 54 long by 44; segment 2: 116 long by 47 wide, spinulose without sensory spots; segment 3: 281 long by 29 wide with one basal sensory pit; segment 4: 131 long by 17 wide without sensory pit; segment 5: 117 long by 17 wide with 1 apical sensory pit; segment 6: 69 long and 17 without observing any sensory pit; and segment 7 from the terminal point to base 75.9 long by 21 wide with one apical sensory pit. Distance from the vertex to the posterior margin of the cephalon is 176 and transverse distance between the innermost points of the compound eyes is 145. A pair of ocelli ( Fig. 17b) proximal to the anterior inner margin of each compound eye: 20 and 21 in diameter. Compound eyes widely separated. From vertex to posterior margin of head and between ocelli and compound eyes are dorsal ( Fig. 17b) and ventral ( Fig. 17c) transverse rows of small spinules; between these spinulose rows and the ocular areas is a pair of longitudinal row of setae with varying lengths. Venter of cephalon between ocular areas with many setae varying in length to longer than the diameter of each ocellus. Three pairs of setae from the basal antennal segments to the vertex.

Thorax. T1 with setae of varying lengths abundant on the anterior margin and with rows of spinules ( Fig. 17d). Three pairs of legs terminating in two curved claws and a long, slender and acute paronychium present on the basal segment of the claw. Femurs and trochanters with a row of 2-3 irregularly shaped large pores basally; tibia on leg T1 with an irregular row of setae from 1 to 2 rows apically. Tibia on leg T2 with two lateral pairs of tibial brushes one with 4-5 setae and the other with four setae, tibia of leg T3 with a comb of two rows of setae and 1 brush with four setae ( Fig. 17e).

Wings. One pair of forewings and one pair of hind wings present. Wings with costa/subcosta, radius, forked radial veins (R1 and Rs), and cubitus vein (Cu) present; large to small diffuse spotting (pigmented maculations) present on all wings. Fore wings ( Fig. 18 a-b): 1845 long and 1470 at the widest; lacking a complete apical and subapical band from R to costal margin; 14-16 pigmented maculations from spots to larger diffused maculations per wing; 4-5 maculations between costa and radius, two maculations between radius and cubitus, 2-3 maculations between cubitus and wing margin with apical maculation joined to apical end of cubitus, one long maculation between cubitus and R1, 4-5 maculations between R1 and Rs with the larger extending to the costa. Hind wing ( Fig. 18d): 1748 long and 1158 at the widest; lacking a complete apical and subapical band from R to costal margin; 10-11 pigmented maculations per wing from; two maculations between costa and radius, two maculations between radius and Cu, three maculations between Cu and wing margin, one maculation between Cu and R1, three maculations between R1 and Rs.

Abdomen. Four pairs of ventral wax plates ( Fig. 17a) A3 to A7 tergites lightly pigmented (light brown) medio-dorsally ( Fig. 17a); A1 to A8 tergites with rows of microtrichia medially and a pair of setae ( Fig. 17j).

Vasiform orifice ( Fig. 17i). Orifice slightly cordate with operculum truncate with dorsum spinulose and posterior margin slightly bisinuate, 67 long by 92 wide; spatulate lingula 74 long by 55 wide ( Fig. 17i). Ovipositor apparatus consists of gonophyses, ovipositor and valvifers ( Fig. 17h) with ovipositor terminating in two long acute blades with a pair of long setae.

Etymology. Named after the country in which it was collected ( Peru) in 1961.

Distribution. Neotropical: Peru.

Host. “Gamakotya” (fern).

Material examined. Holotype (puparium). On “Gamakotya” (fern) from Peru. Collected by E. W. Van Heurn. October 24, 1961. T-8, deposited at the USNHM . Paratypes (12 puparia, 5 slides). Same data as on holotype. Adult female (1 each on slide). Same data as on holotype, deposited at the USNHM.

Comments. Bakerius peruvianus differs from B. asiaticus by the pigmented pattern being more extensive extending to the submargin and because the central processes are fimbriate, not acute; whereas in the latter the pigmented pattern being mostly on the submedian and median areas and the central processes being apically acute; Bakerius peruvianus is only known from Vietnam whereas Bakerius peruvianus is known only from Peru.

Bakerius phrygilanthi Bondar 1923

( Fig. 20 )

Description (based on translation from Bondar 1923). Puparium habitus. Observed with the lens, when on the leaf, appears with a brown pigmented dorsum, with light covering of wax secretions the margin with a narrow white fringe. Dorsum arises perpendicular in height of about 800 to 1200 μm. Three pairs of white cylindrical pores with a cephalic pair and two abdominal pairs. Nymphs accumulate on the entire leaf forming a dense white coat. This is characteristic. Under the microscope devoid of wax, appearing yellow with a brown-pigmented dorsum. The pupal case is elongated and elliptical being 1558 μm. in length, about 1016 μm. wide; the posterior is rounded, dorsum with three pairs of large compound pores; a cephalothoracic pair and two pairs considerably larger, on the second and fourth abdominal segments. Each pore consists of a central brown pore, considerably high, surrounded with cells, in turn, surrounded by two rows of rounded blades; all pores are 57 μm in diameter. Agglomerate pores absent. The entire margin smooth; with two complete rows of teeth. The dark dorsal pigmentation forms an acute angle at the cephalothorax, extending to the abdomen, with a dark band inclosing the abdominal pores and narrows again enclosing the vasiform orifice. In the dark area are numerous clear, minute disc pores; simple wax-producing glands that produce powdery white wax. The vasiform orifice is elongated and reticulated on the bottom half; the operculum is pigmented brown with the posterior margin bisinuate; lingula included, large, and spatulate ( Bondar 1923). Slide mounted puparium. Measurements in microns (μm) were taken from two fair specimens of 4 puparia loaned from the USNHM. Body elongate, longer than wide with anterior and posterior apical margins tapering into an acute angle.

Dorsal pigmentation. Pupal case with brown pigmented spindle-shaped patch tapering from the cephalon (enclosing only the abdominal compound pores) to below the vasiform orifice from the subdorsum to the median at its widest at the A2 segment ( Fig. 1h, 20a ). Puparium 1558-1793 [1695] long by 1016-1081 [1049] wide. Dorsal cuticle with subdorsal or submarginal lightly tessellated patches on one specimen and clear on other.

Margin. Row of apically rounded marginal teeth, subequal in width, and separated; basal area of teeth forming a narrow collar of marginal teeth ( Fig. 20b ); 2-3 prong structures arising from between the teeth and extending to the margin ( Fig. 20b ).

Pores. CP1 , CP2 (on A2 ), and CP3 (on A4 ) present. Central lumen consisting of a clear center, outer narrow annulus (ring of cells) with larger cells and a narrow inner annulus with smaller cells. CP1 compound pores: 52-57 [55] in diameter, CP2 : 44-66 [58], and CP3 : 56-65 [60]. Central processes on all specimens were missing. Minute dorsal loculate pores ( Fig. 20c ) with a bright center (with a ring of faint 4-5 locules) ranged in diameter 4-5 (measuring 7 loculate pores on two specimens) most numerous around the vasiform orifice and distributed throughout the cuticle and along the basal row of teeth ; simple solitary disc pores distributed on the dorsum.

Chaetotaxy. Marginal, subdorsal, and submedian ( Fig. 20c ) setae present. Anterior and posterior marginal setae present with all the AMS and PMS broken off; dorsal submedian setae (ASMeS and PSMeS) present on segments C1 (close to the submargin), C2 (anterior and lateral margin of the rostrum), T1, T2, T3 and A8. ASMeS(C1) only one seta intact and 15 long, ASMeS(C2) only two setae intact 12 and 13 long, ASMeS(T1 and T3) all broken off, ASMeS(T2) only one seta intact that is 21 long. PSMeS (A8) 22-31 [26] long; PVS (A8) only one ventral A8 setae intact (on the submedian of vasiform orifice ventrad of the operculum) 74 long; and the CS present at the base of the inner teeth with only one seta that is 24 long. With 10-12 subdorsal ASDS (3 intact setae measured) and 12 PSDS (6 intact setae measured): ASDS 13-17 [15] and PSDS 12-20 [17] long. Ventral setae at base of legs either missing or broken off.

Vasiform orifice. Cordate in shape the posterior venter of vasiform orifice reticulated ( Fig. 20e ), 131-154 [142] long and 105-116 [111] wide. Operculum ( Fig. 20e ) rectangular with a uniform rounded lateral margins (poorly defined due to condition) 60-67 long [63] long and 97-112 [104] wide; lingula ( Fig. 20e ) spatulate (longer than wide) and spinulose 89-99 [94] long by 57-75 [66]; tubercle small and oval or absent. Distance from posterior margin of vasiform orifice to the margin between the caudal setae is 120-124 [132].

Venter. Legs and antennae missing.

Description. Male. . Measurements in microns (μm) were taken from one specimen (remounted) from the USNHM. Slide mounted specimen. Adult measurement at 5x power of the dissecting scope: length (from the cephalic vertex to the apical end of the claspers) 1907. Unable to determine width because of distortion.

Cephalon. Slightly truncate at the vertex. Antennae broken with only segment 1. Dorsal distance from the vertex to the posterior margin of the cephalon is 193 and transverse distance between the innermost points of each compound eye is 130. A pair of ocelli proximal to the anterior inner margin of each compound eye. Area between upper and lower hemisphere of each compound eye obscured. From vertex to posterior margin of head and between ocelli and compound eyes are setae with varying lengths from minute to no longer than the diameter of the associated ocellus dorsally and ventrally.

Thorax. Only part of the hind leg is present (tarsus broken off), tibia with a comb of two rows of setae and one brush with four setae. One forewing ( Fig. 20f ) available for study 1602 long and 819 wide. Costa, subcosta, radius, forked radial veins (R1 and Rs), and cubitus vein (Cu) present. Large to small diffuse spotting (pigmented maculations) occurs marked by 11 maculations: one between costa and apical end of radius at the fork; two maculations between costa and R1; two maculations between R2 and Cu; two between radius and cubitus; and two between Cu and wing margin.

Abdomen. Ventral wax plates obscured. A3 to A6 tergites with clusters of discoidal pores. A9 tubular-shaped, 422 long by 204 wide being 2 times longer than wide.

Vasiform orifice. Orifice and lingula oriented laterally ( Fig. 20h ) with lingula 47 long a pair of curved claspers from 444 long with an acute apex and a row of small setae on the ventral surface; aedeagus ( Fig. 20g ) curved 184 long.

Distribution. Neotropical: Brazil.

Host. Baccharis trimera (Less) DC. (Asteraceae) ; undetermined plant; Loranthus acutifolium (Loranthaceae) , Phrygilanthus sp. (Loranthaceae) ; Spermacoce verticillata Linnaeus (Rubiaceae)

Material examined. One slide with 2 puparia and one slide with an adult male (remounted): Brazil, Bahia, G. Bondar #672. Q23309, deposited at the USNHM.

Comments. Only one slide having 2 puparia in poor condition was available for study (from the USNHM); the specimens were remounted and examined. The characteristic spindle-shaped pigmented pattern cited by Bondar is evident extending at acute angles from the cephalon to below the vasiform orifice and only enclosing the abdominal compound pores. The diagnostic characters of the male were too damaged to be useful.

Bakerius sanguineus Bondar

( Fig. 21-23 )

Description (English translation of Bondar from Portuguese). Egg and nymph yellowish in color; egg elongate 328 μm long by 98 μm wide; stem short and curved back; nymph pale yellow (translation from Bondar). Pale yellow becoming blood- red. When on the leaf, the nymphs and puparia are slightly covered with a white wax; three pairs of white strands of wax arise from the pores, attaining the length of 5 to 8 mm, directed upward, parallel and perpendicular to the dorsum. Measurements in microns (μm) were taken from three nymphs and five puparia specimens from the USNHM. Slide mounted puparium. Body pale, ovoid ( Fig. 21a, g ), 992-1033 [1012] long by 576- 649 [616] wide.

Margin. Row of apically rounded marginal teeth ( Fig. 21b, c, d ), subequal in width, and separated; basal area of teeth forming a narrow collar ( Fig. 21b, c ). Puparial margin finely dentate to smooth at 40x with few to no striations from the margin to the outer set of marginal teeth.

Pores. CP1, CP2 (on A2), and CP3 (on A4) present ( Fig. 21a , c-d, g). Bondar stated that the abdominal compound pores were on segments A3 and A4; however, observed on segments A2 and A4. The diameter of CP1: 21-33 [27], CP2: 23-34 [28], and CP3: 21-30 [26]. Central process (when present) is light brown, cone shaped, narrow and apically acute ( Fig. 21d ), extending two-thirds the distance from the rim of the pore to the puparial margin, with the following lengths from the central lumen to the apex: CP1 central process: 40-41 [41] with only two cones intact for all specimens, CP2: 40-85 [65], and CP3: 37-86 [59]; central lumen consists of an outer annulus (ring of cells) with larger cells and splines. Large dorsal 4-5 loculate pores ( Fig. 21 c-e) present from the cephalothoracic to below the vasiform orifice and from the subdorsum to median forming an irregular row of pores across the thoracic and abdominal segments and a cephalic cluster on the submedian to median area anterior to the rostrum; loculate pore diameter (measuring 10 pores) 7-9 [8]; few minute simple disc pores on the cephalothoracic and abdominal subdorsum to below the vasiform orifice, and not closely associated with compound pores. Reticulated floor of vasiform orifice with 5-8 simple disc pores.

Chaetotaxy. Anterior and posterior marginal setae present although only three setae were intact: AMS 12.2-18 [15] and PMS 10 [10]; dorsal submedian setae (ASMeS and PSMeS) present ( Fig. 21 c-e) on segments C1, C2, T1, T2, T3, A8, with lengths as follow: ASMeS(C1) 10-17 [13], ASMeS(C2) 7-16 [12], ASMeS(T1) 13-28 [21], ASMeS(T2) 16-23 [21], ASMeS(T3) 15-25 [21], PSMeS(A8) 23-31 [27]; AVS(T2) 22-45 [30], AVS(T3) 25-38 [31], PVS(A8) absent, PVS (VO) 36-52 [44] on lateral border of vasiform orifice ( Fig. 21e ), and CS present 18-29 [25]; submarginal row of setae present on each cephalothoracic and abdominal segment with ASDS and PSDS ( Fig. 21 c-d).

V asiform orifice. Orifice ( Fig. 21e ) 75-87 [81] long and 68-85 [76] with posterior floor of vasiform orifice reticulated with disc pores visible through the lingula; operculum rectangular, 34-43 [38] long and 53-70 [51] wide, with round lateral margins and a bisinuate posterior margin, marked with a spinulose U-shaped band ( Fig. 21e, g ); lingula conical 31-42 [36] long by 36-46 [39] wide; tubercle ( Fig. 21 e-f) present on posterior border of orifice. Distance from posterior margin to vasiform orifice 107-154 [127].

Venter. Antennae long, annulated on the distal 2/3 of its length. Legs appear 3-segmented with T1 oriented toward anterior margin and T2 and T3 oriented toward posterior margins. Apical tarsal segment of legs 2 and 3 with a pair of setae at midpoint.

Description. Nymph habitus (Stage 2). Slide mounted stage-2. Measurements in microns (μm) were taken from three nymphs loaned from the USNHM. Nymph pale, elongate, slightly tapering to the cephalic margin, widest between A1 and A2 ( Fig. 22a ); 797-800 [799] long by 467-475 [471] wide. Longitudinal suture not developed; transverse and mesothoracic-metathoracic sutures terminate at submedian depressions. A1 to A8 sutures present. The remainder of the dorsal and ventral cuticle is smooth unless otherwise noted.

Margin. Margin irregular ( Fig. 22d ); row of irregular marginal teeth ( Fig. 22d ).

Pores. Compound pores absent. Large dorsal loculate pores abundant from the submargin to the median and the cephalothorax to below the vasiform orifice ( Fig.22 c- d).

Chaetotaxy ( Fig. 22 b-d). Dorsum with marginal, subdorsal, dorsal submedian and ventral thoracic and vasiform orifice setal pairs ( Fig. 22d ). AMS) and PMS) present ( Fig. 2b, d ); ASMeS and PSMeS ( Fig 22b, d )) present on segments with C1 close to the anterior submargin), C2 anterior and lateral margin of the rostrum), T1, T2, T3 and A8; PVS(VO) lateral to or directly from the floor of the orifice directly below the level of the operculum ( Fig22d ); PVS(A8) absent; AMS missing or broken off; only 10 pairs of ASDS observed and 13 long [13], ASMeS(C1) 12, ASMeS(C2) missing, ASMeS(T1) 9-13 [11], ASMeS(T2) 9-13 [11], AVS(T2) 14, ASMeS(T3) 12-22 [18], AVS(T3) 12; PMS 82; PSMeS(A8) 19-41 [30], PVS(A8) absent, PVS (VO) 30-44 [36], and CS 30 at the base of the inner teeth.

Vasiform orifice ( Fig. 22d ). Cordate in shape ( Fig. 22a, d ) with posterior floor reticulated; measured 67-70 [69] long and 63-70 [67] wide; operculum ( Fig. 22d ) with a straight anterior margin, rounded lateral margins and a lightly bisinuate posterior margin marked with a narrow spinulose Ushaped bisinuate band; operculum: 28-31 [30] long and 54 wide; lingula spatulate (slightly longer than wide) and spinulose 26-29 [28] long by 32-34 [33] wide with two pairs of subapical setae; oval tubercle present on posterior border of orifice. Distance from posterior margin of vasiform orifice to the margin between the caudal setae is 86and 86.

Venter. Antennae short (same as Fig. 12b), apex bent and positioned anterior to the T1 legs lateral to the rostrum. T1 oriented toward the anterior-lateral margin, T2 and T3 toward the posteriorlateral margin, three segmented terminating in a claw with long setae, AVS (T2 and T3), associated at the midpoint on the basal segment of each T2 and T3 legs.

Description. Adult (unknown gender). Adult in poor condition with only thoracic segments. Wing maculations ( Fig. 23 ) do not match pattern in Penny and Arias (1980).

Distribution. Neotropical: Brazil, Canal Zone ( Panama).

Host. Araceae , unknown host.

Material examined. Three puparia and 1 nymph collected by J. Bondar 13-xii-1923 on unknown plant from Bahia, Brazil, deposited in the USNHM ( P 23143) ; three puparia collected by J. Zetek 12- iii-1923 on Araceae from the Canal Zone , deposited in the USNHM ( Q 23099) .

Comments. This is the only species that has large loculate pores with 4-5 locules and a diameter of 7 μm or more.

Bakerius sublatus Bondar 1928 ( Fig. 24-25 )

Description. Uniformly yellowish in color. Puparium habitus. Measurements in microns (μm) were taken from three cotype puparia from the USNHM. Slide mounted specimens. Body ovoid ( Fig. 24a,e ), 1312-1483 [1370] long by 951-1039 [1002] wide.

Margin. Puparial margin finely dentate to smooth at 40x with few to no striations from the margin to the outer set of marginal teeth. Row of apically rounded teeth, subequal in width ( Fig. 24b ).

Pores. CP1, CP2 (on A2), and CP3 (on A4) present ( Fig. 24a, f ) present with the following diameters (Bondar lists the diameter of each pore as “49.2 microns”): CP1: 45-48 [47], CP2: 46-51 [49], and CP3: 47-56 [50]. Central process (when present) is light brown, cone shaped ( Fig. 24d ), narrow and apically acute, extending ½ its length from the rim of the pore, with the following lengths from the central lumen to the apex: CP1central process: 48 (all others broken off), CP2 process: 52 (all others broken off), and CP3 process: 41-48 [48], Central lumen with an outer ring of cells and an inner ring of splines. Minute loculate pores ( Fig. 24 d-e) ranging in diameter (measuring six loculate pores around the vasiform orifice) 5-7 [6], distributed dorsally from the cephalothorax to below the vasiform orifice from the base of the marginal teeth to the subdorsum, submedian and median; simple disc pores of various sizes distributed on the dorsum not closely associated with compound pore; 8-12 disc pores present on the reticulated floor of the vasiform orifice; simple disc pores from the subdorsum to the median to the lateral angle of the vasiform orifice.

Chaetotaxy ( Fig. 24c and e ). Anterior and posterior marginal setae broken off; ASMeS and PSMeS present on segments C1, C2, T1, T2, T3, A8, with lengths as follow: ASMeS(C1) 9-25 [16], ASMeS(C2) 25-32 [27], ASMeS(T1) 24-28 [26], ASMeS(T2) 24-27 [26], ASMeS(T3) 23-25 [27], PSMeS(A8) 36-53 [40]; AVS(T2) and AVS(T3) are unknown (cannot observe since legs are distorted), PVS(A8) absent, and, PVS (VO) 57-69 [63] on lateral border of vasiform orifice of one cotype, and CS present 19-59 [39]; submarginal row of setae present on each cephalothoracic and abdominal segment numbering 6 anterior and 6 abdominal pairs with ASDS (nine setae) that are 19-42 [29] long and PSDS (7 setae) 28-49 [42] long.

Vasiform orifice ( Fig. 24e, g ). 131-134 [132] long and 107-111 [109] with posterior floor of vasiform orifice reticulated with disc pores visible through the lingula; operculum rectangular, 54-58 [56] long and 77-80 [78] wide, with a bisinuate posterior margin and marked with a spinulose U-shaped band; lingula broadly conical 54-56 [55] long by 55-58 [57] wide; oval tubercle present on posterior border of orifice. Distance from posterior margin of vasiform orifice is 151- 199 [177].

Venter. Antennae long, annulated on the distal 2/3 of its length. Legs appear 3-segmented with forelegs oriented toward anterior margin and middle and hind legs oriented toward posterior margins. Apical tarsal segment of legs 2 and 3with a pair of setae at midpoint.

Description. Adult female. Only the wings ( Fig. 25 ) were suitable for imaging from cotype specimen from the USNHM. Forewing 2122 long and 1507 wide ( Fig. 25a ); hind wing ( Fig. 25b ) broken off or distorted, not measured. Forewing with 15 diffused maculations and spots: two spots and three diffused maculations between costa-subcosta and radius-R1 veins; one spot and one maculation between R1 and Rs; three spots and two maculations between R2 and Cu; and three maculations and one spot between Cu and the posterior wing margin. Hind wing with nine maculations: one between R1-radius and costa veins; two between R1 and Rs; four between Rs and Cu and two between Cu and posterior wing margin.

Distribution. Neotropical: Brazil.

Host. Indeterminate host.

Material Examined. Four cotype puparia (one slide) and one adult female (one slide) with notation “Dr. Howard’s memo of June 20, 1929 "; deposited at the USNHM.

Comments. This species has a pale puparium and can be separated from all the other pale species by the following: from Bakerius glandulosus Hempel because the latter is cited by Hempel 1938 as having two complete rows of marginal teeth, whereas B. sublatus has one complete outer row; from B. sanguineus which has large compound pores (3-4 locules) from 7 to 9 μm in diameter, whereas those of B. sublatus have 8-10 locules and are normally 5-6 μm in diameter.

Figures

Figure 2. Bakerius asiaticus sp. nov. Dooley and Smith-Pardo (pupa). a) pigmented habitus; b) and c) row of marginal teeth showing teeth with reduced width; d) central process and compound pore; e) loculate pores; f) PMS anterior of reduced marginal abdominal teeth; g) operculum; h) SVS; i) clusters of simple disc pores, PSMeS(A8), vasiform orifice, reticulated floor, lingula and operculum.

Figure 19. Bakerius peruvianus (pupa). a) pigmented habitus; b) thoracic margin and dentate submargin showing 5-6 differentiated teeth; c) cephalic compound pore with central process; d) AMS, ASDS, ASMeS(C1); e) ASMeS(T1, T2, T3), longitudinal and transverse and longitudinal molting sutures; f) abdominal compound pores with central process; g) CS, PMS, and PSDS; h) PSMeS(A8), vasiform orifice, operculum and lingula; i) PVS(VO).

Figure 21. Bakerius sanguineus (pupa). a) pale habitus; b) submarginal row of teeth; c) cephalic compound pore, loculate pores, rostrum, AMS, ASDS, ASMeS(C1, C2, and T1); d) compound pores with central processes, large loculate pores, PSDS; e) vasiform orifice,operculum, lingula, posterior tubercle, large loculatepores, PSMeS(A8), PVS(VO); f)tubercle atthe posterior margin of the vasiform orifice; g) illustration of habitus showing also the pore distribution.

Figure 22. Bakerius sanguineus (stage 2 nymph). a) pale habitus; b) large loculate pores, AMS, ASDS, ASMeS(C1 and C2); c) loculate pore from cephalon to vasiform orifice; d) loculate pores, vasiform orifice with lingula and operculum, CS, PMS, PSDS, PSMeS(A8), PVS(VO) from floor of vasiform orifice.

Figure 23. Bakerius sanguineus: wings and wing venation.

Figure 24. Bakerius sublatus (pupa). a) pale habitus; b) marginal teeth; c) cephalic compound pore, central process, loculate pore, ASMeS(C2); d) abdominal compound pore, central process, loculate pore; e) vasiform orifice with operculum and lingula, loculate pores; illustration of, PSMeS(A8); f) illustration of habitus; g) illustration of vasiform orifice with pore distribution.

Figure 25. Bakerius sublatus. a) habitus and wing venation; b) detail of forewing.

Figure20. Bakerius phrygilanthi (pupa and adult male). a) pigmented habitus; b) marginal teeth with the basal collar; c) ASMeS (C1 and C2), loculate pore; d) compound pore with central process missing; e) vasiform orifice with operculum and lingula; f) wings front wing veins: costa-subcosta, radius, radius 1 and radius 2 (fork), and cubitus; g) A8 elongated segment with unknown ventral appendage, dorsal operculum, lingula; claspers and aedeagus; h) enlargement of unknown structure.