Gelanor zonatus ( C. L. Koch, 1845 )

Ligia R. Benavides & Gustavo Hormiga, 2016, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical pirate spiders of the genus Gelanor Thorell, 1869 (Araneae, Mimetidae) with the description of five new species, Zootaxa 4064 (1), pp. 1-72 : 59-67

Gelanor zonatus ( C. L. Koch, 1845)

( Figs. 49–57 )

Galena zonata C. L. Koch, 1845: 105 , fig. 1032

Galena zonata Blackwall, 1863: 39

Gelanor zonatus Thorell, 1869: 69 .

Galena dicta Taczanowski, 1874: 113 , plate. 2, fig. 11.

Gelanor zonatus Keyserling, 1893: 368 , plate. 19, fig. 275 (mf).

Gelanor zonatus Simon, 1895a: 947 , figs. 1012,1018 (mf).

Gelanor zonatus Mello-Leitão, 1929b: 560 , plate. 4, figs. 22, 25, plate 6, figs. 34–35 (mf).

Gelanor distinctus O. P.- Cambridge, 1899. Female holotype from Panama, Bugaba (Champion). No other collection data (Not examined). We were unable to locate the type specimen, however the description and female genitalia illustrations allow the species identification. In addition, Chickering (1947) designated a female hypotype (2) that we are including here ( Fig. 50 ), because the specimen matches Cambridge’s description and drawings. Hypotype from: Panamá, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island. Biological Zone. August 1939 (MCZ, examined). New synonymy.1

Gelanor insularis Mello-Leitão, 1929 . Male holotype ( Fig. 51 ) from Brazil, São Paulo, Ilha de São Vicente. No other collection data (MNHN 18963, examined). New synonymy.

Gelanor obscurus Mello-Leitão, 1929 . Female holotype ( Fig. 52 ) from Paraguay. No other collection data (MNHN 122810, examined). New synonymy.

Gelanor lata Shear, 1981: 258 , figs. 1–4 (m).

Gelanor lata Heimer, 1986: 115 , figs. 2–3 (mf).

1. Hypotype: (noun; Greek hypo, under; typos, type): A specimen, other than the type, upon which a subsequent or supplementary description or figure is based ( Maggenti et al., 2014). This term is not regulated by the IZCN.

Remarks on the type material. According to Koch (1845) the type specimen of G. zonatus was deposited at the Berlin Museum but the specimen appears to be lost (J. Dunlop, pers. comm.). Koch (1845: 106) mentioned that the locality of the specimen was uncertain, probably from Egypt (“Ungewiss, wahrscheinlich Egypten ”), but the description and drawings are congruent with the general morphology of a Gelanor . Keyserling (1892) illustrated for the first time the male and female genitalia of G. zonatus ; however the drawing of the male palp does not allow a proper comparison with the specimens studied. Since Koch’s type is lost, an adult male ( Fig. 49 A–F) has been designated as neotype and is here described. In his original description, Koch (1845) illustrated a dorsal view of a Gelanor (as Galena zonata ), but without the type specimen is not possible to determine what species Koch described (and thus, the neotype designation). In addition, the given “probable” locality ( Egypt) is clearly an error since Gelanor is restricted to the Neotropical region.

Neotype designation. Argentina, (Provincia de Corrientes, San Cayetano, Estación Biológica de Corrientes (EBCo). 5–10.xi. 2007. 50 m. S 27°32'44.8", W 58°40'52.8". C. Grismado, L. Piacentini, M. Izquierdo, L. Compagnucci, J. Martínez leg.; male, neotype ( MACN).

Synonymy. Examination of the type material as well as illustrations on the descriptions (in those cases where we did not have access to the type), was sufficient to justify the synonymies proposed for this species, based on the unique characteristic carapace and sternum color pattern, as well as the cymbial flap with small indentations (see Diagnosis).

Additional material examined. ARGENTINA: Chaco: 100Km NW Resistencia, Chaco NP, -27.034378, - 58.035111, 1F, 12–17.xii.1990, S.J. Peck ( AMNH); Corrientes: San Cayetano, Estación Biológica de Corrientes (EBCo), -27.052111, -58.002361, 76m, 2F, 3J, 5–10.xi.2007, C. Grismado, L. Piacentini, M. Izquierdo, L. Compagnucci, J. Martínez ( MACN 13405); San Cayetano, Estación Biológica de Corrientes (EBCo), -27.034667, - 58.000778, 50m, 2M, 1F, 3J, 5–10.xi.2007, C. Grismado, L. Piacentini, M. Izquierdo, L. Compagnucci, J. Martínez (GWU-GH 1302-1303); Jujuy: P.N. Calilegua, Seccional Aguas Negras,, -23.08425, -64.017972, 605m, 12M, 5F, 6J, 11-xii.2008, C. Grismado, M. Izquierdo, F. Labarque, G. Rubio, M. Burger, P. Michalik, P.Carrera, A. Ojanguren, C. Mattoni ( MACN: 13244, 17850, 17855, 17860, 17865, 17881 (PM09), 28765, 28767, 28768); Misiones: Dto. De San Pedro; P. Provincia Cruce Cabellero, -26.133333, -53.133333, 1F, 13–16.i.2005, C. Grismado, L. Lopardo, A. Quaglino, G. Rubio (GWU-GH1301), El Dorado-26.466667, -54.716667, 1M, 2F, 1.ix–15.xi.1964, A. Kovacs ( AMNH); Erroneous locality: Rio Negro: El Bolson area, -41.96777, -71.515511, 2M, 1965–1966, A. Kovacs ( AMNH) probably from Argentina, Misiones Province, El Dorado (see Platnick and Ewing 1995: 7–8). BOLIVIA: Beni: 16.8mi SW Yucumo, -15.05, -66.15, 500m, 1F, 2F, 15–19.xi.1989, J. Coddington, S.F. Larcher, E. Peñaranda, C. Griswold, D. Silva ( USNM); Chuquisaca: Estación Monteagudo, -20.019358, - 64.133936, 1600m, 1F, 21–24.xii.1984, L.E. Peña ( AMNH); Nor Yungas: La Paz, Coroico, -16.019178, - 67.051033, 1F, 4.xi.1989, D. Silva ( USNM), La Paz, Rio Coroico to Svapi, -15.45, -67.8333, 1400–1600m, 1F, 26–28.xi.1987, L.E. Peña ( AMNH). BRAZIL: Bahia: Encruzilhada, -15.532778, -40.918056, 980m, 2M 3J, xi.1975, M. Alvarenga ( AMNH), Itamaraju, Fazenda Pau Brazil. CEPLAC, -17.043802, -39.530049, 1M, 25.iv.1969 (MNRJ-65444), Juçari, Fazenda Såo Francisco. R3039, -15.190187, -39.493371, 1M, 11.ii.1970 (MNRJ-6559), Una, reserva Biologica de Una, -15.195084, -39.029993, 1F, 4.x.2011, A. Perez and B. Huber ( MCZ); Espiritu Santo: Linhares, -19.393643, -40.058149, 1F, 16.xi.1970 (MNRJ-6568), 20 km N of Linhares. Forest, - 19.393643, -40.058149, 1M, iv.1992, E.S. Ross (CASENT-9026521); Guanabara: Floresta dos Macacos, - 22.050906, -47.051711, 1M, ii.1961, M. Alvarenga ( AMNH), 1M, iv.1961, M. Alvarenga ( AMNH); Mato Grosso: Sinop., -11.034156, -55.150956, 1M, 1F, 1J, x.1975, M. Alvarenga ( AMNH); Minas Gerais: Lavras, - 21.241944, -44.998056, 1M, 1F,

20.xi.1978, W. Don Fronk ( MCZ 77109), Belo Horizonte, Estacao Ecologica de UFMG, -19.083333, -43.016667, 1F, i.2001, E.E.S. Alvares & E.O. Machado (UFMG-610), Belo Horizonte, Estacao Ecologica de UFMG, - 19.133333, -43.016667, 1M, i.2001, E.E.S. Alvares & E.O. Machado (UFMG-611), Belo Horizonte, Estacao Ecologica de UFMG, -19.083333, -43.016667, 1M, v-vii.2000, E.E.S. Alvares & E.O. Machado (UFMG-898), Catas Altas, Parque Natural do Caraca, -20.001667, -43.065278, 747m, 2F, 29.x.2005, E.E.S. Alvares (UFMG- 1236), Januaria, Rio Pandeiros, -15.050978, -44.017292, 1M, 17–22.xii.2000, F.S. Leite (UFMG-933), Marlieria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, -19.706389, -42.575833, 1M, 26–28.i.2001, E.A.B. Almeida (UFMG-609), Minas de Serrinha, Diamantina, -19.083333, -46, 1F, i–iii.1945, E. Cohn ( AMNH), Morro do Ferro, -20.767, -44.583, 1M (MNRJ-6548), Nova Lima RPPN Mata Samuel de Paula, -20, -43.035, 1M, 1F, 14.x.2006, J.P.P. Peña et al. (UFMG-2552), 1M, 2F, 1J, 15.x.2006, J.P.P. Peña et al. (UFMG-2890), Ouro Preto, Parque Estadual do Itacolomi, -20.4069, -43.4876, 2M, 4.xi.2007, K.P. Santos et al. (UFMG-2032,2033), Parque Nacional da Serra de Cipo, Santana do Riacho, -19.000514, -43.035394, 1F (GWU-GH1076), Santana do Riacho, Parque Nacional da Cerra do Cipo, Portaria Palacio, -19.083333, -43.016667, 1F, 14.vii.2001, E.E.S. Alvares & E.O. Machado (UFMG- 1042), 1F, 16.vii.2001, E.E.S. Alvares & E.O. Machado (UFMG-1043); Pará: flona Carajas, -2.938064, - 51.861568, 1M, 6–17.xii.2010, D.R. Pedroso (GH1605), Melgaco. Estacao Cientifica Ferreira Penna, FLONA Caxiuana., -1.052556, -51.002389, 1F, 04.X.2005, N. Abrahim ( MPEG (ARA-21652)), Melgaco. Estacao Cientifica Ferreira Penna, FLONA Caxiuana., -1.792222, -51.433111, 1F, J.A.P. Barreiros ( MPEG (ARA-21647)), Melgaco. Estacao Cientifica Ferreira Penna, FLONA Caxiuana., -1.738339, -51.046669, 1M, 2F, B.C. Araujo ( MPEG (ARA-21648-21649)); Paraná: Clevelandia (Faz. Tunas, prox Rio Chopim), -26.083497, -52.050192, 1M, ii.2001, Brenils, R.S. (MNRJ-3689), Foz do Iguazu, -25.035786, -54.085394, 1F, 1J, 23.iii.1985, H. Levi and L. Levi (MCZ-77117), Machado, Margem Rio da Areia, -25.067458, -51.035486, 1F, 30-31.viii.2001 E.M. Wistuba (MNRJ-3710), Rolândia, -23.135508, -51.033411, 1M, 1948, A. Maller ( AMNH), Rolândia, -23.333056, - 51.364722, 2F, A. Maller ( AMNH), Serra da Graciosa, Morretes Campina Grande do Sul, Paraná, -25.133333, - 48.016667, 1F, 9–20.i.1995, Lab. Aracnologia (MCP-7202); Piaui: Brasileira e Piracuruca. Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, -4.100528, -41.0345, 2M, 2F, 02.II.2007, M.T.L. Avelino ( MPEG (ARA21576-21580-21584)), 4 1F, 03.II.2007, M.T.L. Avelino ( MPEG (ARA-21579-21582-21586-21587)), Brasileira e Piracuruca. Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, -4.1, -41.034028, 1F, 20. VI.2007, L.S. Carvalho ( MPEG (ARA-21588)), Brasileira e Piracuruca. Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, -4.085417, -41.050194, 1M, 23.I.2007, M.P. Albuquerque ( MPEG (ARA21574)), 1F, 25. VI.2007, E.B.O. Marques ( MPEG (ARA)), 2M, 1F, 26. VI.2007, L.S. Carvalho ( MPEG (ARA-21589)), Brasileira e Piracuruca. Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, -4.085056, -41.050806, 1F, 27.I.2007, M.P. Albuquerque ( MPEG (ARA)), 1M, 28.I.2007, L.S. Carvalho ( MPEG (ARA-21575)), Brasileira e Piracuruca. Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, -4.085083, -41.085083, 1M, 29.I.2007, M.P. Albuquerque ( MPEG (ARA-21581)), Brasileira e Piracuruca. Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, -4.100528, -41.0345, 2F, 29. VI.2007, E.B.O. Marques ( MPEG (ARA-21593)), Brasileira e Piracuruca. Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, - 4.085083, -41.085083, 4M, 30.I.2007, L.S. Carvalho ( MPEG (ARA-21577-21578-21583)), Brasileira e Piracuruca. Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, -4.100528, -41.0345, 2F, 1M, 30. VI.2007, L.S. Carvalho ( MPEG (ARA-21590- 21591-21592)), Jose de Freitas. Fazenda Nazareth, -4.118917, -42.119111, 4M, 5F, 2006, L.S. Carvalho ( MPEG (ARA21596, 21597, 21598, 21599, 21600, 21601, 21602)). Rio de Janeiro: Arrial, do Cabo, Ilha de Cabo Frio, Trilha do farol velho, -22.034239, -42.017097, 1F, ii.2006, Wienkoski, E.H. (MNRJ-14557), Cerro Pao de Azucar, -22.101389, -43.151667, 1F, 31.x.2008, Wienkoski, E.H. (MNRJ-14548), 1M, ii.2006, Wienkoski, E.H. (MNRJ-6576), Cerro Pao de Azucar, -22.101389, -43.151667, 396m, 4M, 4F, 4J, xi.2004 (MNRJ-11555), Cerro Pao de Azucar, -22.875113, -43.277548, 1M, ( MNRJ), Mage, -22.151147, -43.034247, 2F ( MNRJ), Mangaratiba, R.B. Rio das Pedras, -22.962542, -44.037799, 1M, 1F, xi.2008, D. Pedroso (MNRJ-14569), Parque Nacional da Tijuca, -22.102506, -43.068197, 1F, xi.2004 ( MNRJ), Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Mata do Pai Ricardo, - 22.416895, -42.956223, 1F, 2.i.2005, TS Moreira ( MNRJ), Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Mata do Pai Ricardo, - 22.117222, -43.069167, 1F, vi.2005, Wienkoski, E.H. (MNRJ-14550), Parque Nacional da Tijuca, serra da Carioca, Humaita, trilha da gruta, -22.118611, -43.084444, 1F, vi.2005, Wienkoski, E.H. (MNRJ-14551), PNT Papagaio, - 23.335369, -44.730259, 1F, xii.2002 (MNRJ-14558), PNT Serra da Carioca, Humaita, Margens do corrego/rochas, -22.118611, -43.084444, 2F, 10.xii.2005 (MNRJ-14547), 2J, x.2005 (MNRJ-14540), Rio, 17M, 4F, 12J ( MNHN), Sumare, -22.083822, -43.035722, 200-300m, 1F, ii.1946, H. Sick ( AMNH), Tijuca Forest Reserve, Malaise Head, - 22.118611, -43.084444, 1F, 1-28.ii.1990, S.A. Marshall ( AMNH); Rio Grande do Sul: Vacaria, -28.506092, - 50.933847, 1F, 27.x.2011, A.C. Ferreira (MCTP-12879), Alto dos Casemiros, Cachoeira do Sul, -30.001172, - 52.016931, 1F, 1J, 14.xi.1992, R.G. Buss (MCP-3243), Cachoeira do Sul, Cordilheira, -30.133333, -52.016667, 1F, 27.x.1992, R.G. Buss (MCP-3245), Capao do Leao, Pelotas, -31.133547, -52.068131, 1, 27.xi.2000, E. Rodriguez (MCP-11734), Capao Grande, Cachoeira do Sul, -30.035686, -52.001717, 17M, 2F, 4J, 10.x.1998, R.G. Buss (MCP-3244), 11M 3J, 23.v.1993, R.G. Buss (MCP-4010), Caxias do Sul, -29.000047, -51.001606, 1F, vii.1999, CDC Rosa (MCP-11751), Caxias do Sul Santa Catarina, Rancho Queimado, -27.0013, -49.001289, 1 4F, 2J, 9- 13.x.1995, A. Lise et al. (MCP-6979), Caxias do Sul, Fazenda Souza, -29.000047, -51.001606, 1F, 11-12.xi.1995, Lab. Aracnologia (MCP-4163), 13M, 8F, 18–21.xi.1993, A. Lise ( MCP), 2F, 3–5.xii.1994, A. Lise (MCP-5341), Itaara, -29.118186, -53.100147, 1F, 1.xii.2005, L. Indrusiak (MCP-21547), Itaara, -29.608611, -53.766111, 1F, 22.xi.2006, A. Lise et al. (MCP-21077), Marcelino Ramos, -27.117642, -51.067889, 1 1J, ii.1989, A. Braul (MCP- 19791), Novo Hamburgo, -29.016828, -51.133522, 1F, 20.x.1986, C.J. Becker (MCP-227), Pelotas, -31.133547, - 52.068131, 1F, 20.i.1956, C. Biezanko ( AMNH), Porto Alegre, Guiaba, -30.100228, -51.150339, 11M, 1F, 29.x.1994, A. Lise et al. (MCP-5756), Porto Alegre, Guiaba, Fazenda Sao Maximiano, -27.0013, -49.001289, 2F, 5.xii.1995, A. Lise et al. (MCP-700), São Borja, -28.152656, -56.002378, 1F, 3.xi.1996, P. Marx (MCP-9614), São Francisco da Paula, Potreiro Velho, -29.102286, -50.068981, 12F, 1J, 12–14.xi.1998, A. Lise (MCP-12751), 1F, 5– 8.xii.1993, A. Lise (MCP-13963), 1F, 1J, 5–8.xii.1996, A. Lise (MCP-12752), São Francisco de Paula, -29.102286, -50.068981, 1F, 9.xii.1997, A. Lise et al. (MCP-10833), São Francisco de Paula, Passo do Inferno, -29.275278, - 50.739444, 1F, 16.xi.2006, A. Lise (MCP-20346), Sao Leopoldo, -29.085778, -51.150222, 1M, 17.x.1986, J. Becker (MCP-368), Viamão, -30.085581, -51.018233, 1M, 1F, 1J, 10.ix.1993, A. Braul (MCP-4544), 1F, 2.ix.1995, A. Braul (MCP-7580), Viamao, Fitotecnica, -30.085581, -51.018233, 1F, 3J, 23.ix.1994, A. Lise et al. (MCP-5512); Roraima: Parque Nacional do Viruá, -1.734194, -59.4415, 1F, 20.vii.2006, A. Tourinho ( INPA 736); Santa Catarina: Corupa, -26.425833, -49.243056, 2F, i-ii.1949, A. Maller ( AMNH), Pinhal, -27.233333, - 51.913333, 1F, i.1949, A.Maller ( AMNH), Pinhal, -27, -48.083333, 1F, xii.1948, A. Maller ( AMNH), Pinhal, - 27.233333, -51.913333, 1F, 8F, 1J, xii.1948, A. Maller ( AMNH), 7F, xii.1948 - i.1949, A.Maller ( AMNH), 1F, A. Maller ( AMNH), Reserva Biologiac Marina do Arvoredo, -27.299167, -48.356389, 1M, 24.x.1997, A. Lise et al (MCTP-10117), Reserva Biologica Marinha do Arvoredo, -27.299167, -48.356389, 2F, 13-14.ix.1994, A. Lise et al. (MCP-5122); Sao Paulo: Botucatu, -22.051428, -48.119053, 1F, ii.2003 (MNRJ-14566), Botucatu, Candeia, - 22.051428, -48.119053, 1F, 1J, x.2001 (MNRJ-14568), Fazenda Intervales, 15Km E Guapiara, -24.016875, - 48.033389, 700m, 1F, ii.1990, W. Eberhard (MCZ-77115), forest station 80Km SW Jacupiranga, -24.15, -48.15, 800m, 1F, 31.i.1993, E. Ross (CASENT-9026554), Piracicaba, -22.052753, -47.133711, 1F, i.2005 (MNRJ-14554); São Paulo: Jundiaí, -23.017008, -46.050008, 1F, 1-15.xi.1976, A. Schneble (MCZ-77135). Material examined. COLOMBIA: Atlantico: Usiacuri,Reserva campesina La Sierra, 10.083333, -74.133333,Y. Escorcia, 1F (ICN- AR); Magdalena: Sta Marta, 11.066694, -74.033606, 1F ( MCZ); Santa Marta, Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, sector El Zaino, Playa La Piscinita, 11.289061, -74.151913, 1F, 11.xi.2014, W. Galvis (ICN-Ar-5931); Tolima: Vereda La Camelia, alrededores Cueva El Eden, 4.0119667, -74.7218167, 650m, 1J, 6.ii.2010, L. Benavides (ICN- Ar-5928). COSTA RICA: Heredia: no locality, 10.0525, -84.173056, 1F, 10.vii.1970 ( AMNH); Puntarenas: 15 minutes south of volcan.9.9778, -84.8294, 1M, 1F, 12.vii.1970 ( AMNH); San José: San José, 9.085461, - 84.068122, 1F, 1948, E. Schmidt ( AMNH). ECUADOR: Orellana: Reserva Etnnica Waorani , Transect Ent. 1Km S. Onkone, Gare Camp., -0.151389, -76.116689, 216m, 1F, 2.x.1996, T.Erwin ( USNM), 1M, 24.iv.1994, T.Erwin ( USNM), 1F, 7.x.1994, T.Erwin ( USNM). MEXICO: Campeche: 6km W of Francisco Escarcega, "El Lamento" forest station18.116667, -90.133333, 1M, 1F, 11–12.vii.1983, W. Maddison (MCZ-77201), Chicanna ruins ca. 8 Km W of Xpujil, 18.033333, -89.016667, 1F, 12–14, vii.1983, W. Maddison (MCZ-77199); Chiapas: Finca Santa Marta, Huehuetán, 15.016825, -92.051511, 1F, 31.vii.1950, C. & M. Goodnight ( AMNH); Nuevo León: Villa Santiago, Horsetail Falls, 25.05266, -99.03399, 609m, 1M, 19.vi.1940, H. Hoogstraal ( MCZ 77146); Quintana Roo: 31Km N of Felipe Carrillo Puerto, on HWY 307 toward Tulum, 19.001183, -88.134694, 1M, 17.vii.1983, W. Maddison and R.S. Anderson ( MCZ); San Luis Potosí: 1Km E of Las Abritas on HWY 80, 22.150914, - 100.150264, 609m, 1J, 8.vii.1983, W. Maddison (MCZ-77211), 7Km SE of Tamazunchale on road to Huejutia, 21.233333, -98.733333, 1F, 11.vi.1983, W. Maddison (MCZ-77212), Tamazunchale, 21.084786, -98.118572, 1F, 8.vii.1944, L. Irby Davis ( AMNH); Veracruz: Gutierrez Zamora, 20.116808, -97.083681, 1M, 21.v.1945, C. Bolivar ( AMNH); Yucatán: Yucatan, Balankanche Cave, 2Km E of Chichen Itza, 20.002061, -88.0667, 1F, 19.vii.1983, W. Maddison ( MCZ). PANAMA: Chiriquí: near David, along river at night, 8.083508, -82.052467, 1M, viii.1983, W. Eberhard (MCZ-77189); Panamá: Canal Area, Fort Kobbe, 8.083333, -79.066667, 1F, 1J, 3.viii.1983, H. Levi, L. Levi, H. Stockwell (MCZ-77188), Canal zone, Cocoli, 8.150247, -79.085753, 1F, 24.xi.1954, W.M. Lundy ( AMNH), Canal zone, Cocoli area, 8.150247, -79.085753, 1F, vii-ix.1954, W.M. Lundy ( AMNH), Canal zone, Forest Preserve, 9.150158, -79.002036, 1F, 24.xii.1957 (MCZ-77149), Canal zone, Naval Ammun. Stat. near Coccoli, 9.150158, -79.002036, 1M, 13.i.1958 (MCZ-77144), Canal zone, near Balboa, 8.1, - 79.066667, 1H, 28.viii.1946, N.L.H. Krauss ( AMNH), Canal zone, Summit, 9.150158, -79.002036, 1F, N.L.H. Krauss ( AMNH), Canal zone, Summit Gardens, 9.150158, -79.002036, 1F, 27.xii.1957 (MCZ-77140), Panama city, 8.15, -79.016667, 1F, 15-30.VII.1979, E. Broadhead et al. ( AMNH), Panama City, Arior Hill, 8.15, - 79.016667, 1F, 17.vii.1979, M.K. Stowe (MCZ-77179). PANAMÁ: Panamá: Arraiján, 9.150158, -79.002036, 1M 1J, 6.vii.1950, A.M. Chickering ( MCZ), Canal Zone Biological Area, 9.150158, -79.002036, 2M, 5F, 13J, vi– vii.1934 ( MCZ), 1F, 2J, vii.1936 ( MCZ), 2F, 6J, vii.1939 ( MCZ), 1F, vii.1943 / iii.1944 ( MCZ), Canal Zone forest, 9.150158, -79.002036, 1M, 1F, 2J, viii.1939 ( MCZ), Canal Zone forest reserve, 9.150158, -79.002036, 1F, 25.vii.1954, A.M. Chickering ( MCZ), Canal zone, Barro Colorado Island, 9.150158, -79.002036, 1M, 20.vii.1954, A.M. Chickering ( MCZ), 5F, 2J, vi.1950, A.M. Chickering ( MCZ), Canal Zone, Chilibre, 9.150158, -79.002036, 1F, 8.vii.1950, A.M. Chickering ( MCZ), Canal Zone, Chiva road near pedro Miguel, 9.150158, -79.002036, 1M, 30.vii.1950, A.M. Chickering ( MCZ), Canal Zone, Summit, 9.150158, -79.002036, 2F, 21–29.vii.1950, A.M. Chickering ( MCZ), 2F, 7–10.x.1950, A.M. Chickering ( MCZ). PARAGUAY: Alto Paraná: Hernandarias, - 25.033333, -54.066667, 1F, 3-6.xi.1956, C.J.D. Brown (MCZ-77284); Paraguarí: no locality, -26.001806, - 57.100208, 1F, 15.xii.1996, CJD Brown (MCZ-77296). TRINIDAD & TOBAGO: Port of Spain, 10, -61.016667, 1F, 1913 (MCZ-77247). URUGUAY: La Valleja: Ciudad de Minas, Parque de Vocacciones, -34.033333, -55.05, 1F, xii.2005, Wienkoski, E.H. (MNRJ-13868); Minas: La Valleja, cerro de Los cuervos, -34.36667, -55.23333, 200–250m, 1M, 6.xii.2005 (GWU). VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Parupa, Gran Sabana. Forest-grassland edge, 5.462778, -63.577222, 1F, 10.vii.1987, S. Peck & J Peck ( AMNH); Caracas: Botanical gardens, 10.494722, - 66.895833, 1F, 1J, 15.xii.1954, A.M. Nadler ( AMNH).

Diagnosis. Carapace with a distinctive color pattern (in live and fresh specimens) consisting of a dark triangular shape that runs from carapace apex to ocular region; a second triangular shape runs from fovea to posterior carapace margin, one transversal dark line in ocular area, one on cephalic area, and four marks, two on each side of the carapace ( Figs. 49 A, 50A, 52A, 55A, F). Sternum with a dark transversal stripe at coxae II height and four dark marks posterior to it (Fig. 55F).

Description. Male neotype from: ARGENTINA: Provincia de Corrientes, San Cayetano, Estación Biológica de Corrientes (EBCo). -27.034667; -58.000778. 5–10.xi. 2007. 50 m. C. Grismado, L. Piacentini, M. Izquierdo, L. Compagnucci, J. Martínez Leg. (LB285M). Habitus as in Figs. 50 A–D. Total length 3.94 Cephalothorax 2.17 long, 1.66 wide, 0.74 high; abdomen 1.77 long, 1.69 wide, 1.29 high. Sternum 1.11 long, 0.84 wide, pale yellow with a transverse brown line between coxae II, and four more dark brown marks as shown on Fig. 49 C. Details of carapace and abdomen cuticle shown in Figs. 49 G–K. Labium 0.43 long, 0.37 wide, with a rounded distal brown edge. Clypeus 0.14 high. AME inter-distance 0.15, PME 0.09. PME–AME distance 0.11; AME–ALE 0.17. PME– PLE distance 0.27. ChL 1.05; ChW1 0.36; ChW2 0.37. Legs as in Figs. 49 E, F. For palp and leg measurements, see Table 11. Palp as in Figs. 51 D–I, and 53. Palp 1.95 times longer than total body length. Cymbium wider than long (0.58 long, 0.70 wide). Cymbial flap top edge with indentations and wider apically ( Fig. 53 A, C, H).

Tr Fm Pt Tb Mt Ta

Palp 0.85 0.36 0.64 1.0

Leg I 0.32 5.02 1.7 4.41 4.75 1.54

Leg II 0.31 4.55 1.03 3.56 3.74 1.7

Leg III 0.33 2.89 0.84 1.98 1.95 0.83

Leg IV 0.31 3.51 0.63 2.3 2.31 0.76 Female. Same collecting data as the male neotype (LB285F). Habitus as in Figs. 55A–G. Total length 7.26. Cephalothorax 2.77 long, 2.06 wide, 1.5 high; abdomen 4.49 long, 4.94 wide, 2.65 high. Sternum light to dark orange ( Figs. 50 B, 52B, 55C, F), 1.44 long, 1.11 wide. Labium 0.43 long, 0.41 wide, with a rounded distal brown edge. Clypeus 0.07 high. AME inter-distance 0.16; PME inter-distance 0.08; PME–AME distance 0.16; AME– ALE distance 0.24, PME–PLE distance 0.29. ChL 1.14; ChW1 0.62; ChW2 0.55. Legs as in Figs. 56 I, K–M. Detail of leg cuticle shown in Fig. 55H, and abdomen cuticle as in Fig. 55L. For palp and leg measurements see Table 11. Genitalia as in Figs. 56 A–I. Epigynal septum of uniform width along its length ( Figs. 57 A, G) with lateral lobes covering copulatory openings ( Figs. 56 A, G). Spermathecae rounded; less than one diameter apart, not externally fused. ( Figs. 56 B, E).

Variation. Carapace and sternum vary from light yellow-orange to dark orange. In both sexes the dark marks on femora I and II can be absent. Male cephalothorax ranges in length from 2.45 to 3.08 and in width from 1.92 to 2.53; abdomen width ranges from 1.49 to 1.98; total body length from 4.57 to 5.37 (n=5). Female cephalothorax ranges in length from 2.55 to 3.57; cephalothorax width ranges from 0.9 to 1.53; abdomen width ranges from 2.88 to 5.42; total body length ranges from 5.22 to 7.54 (n=7). Number of dorsal macrosetae on male metatarsus I varies from 11 to 16. Copulatory plugs were observed in several specimens ( Fig. 56 H).

Distribution. South of Mexico to Southern Uruguay ( Fig. 57 ).

Figures

FIGURE 49. Gelanor zonatus, male (A – F, LB 285; G – K, LB 179); A – C, Habitus; D, G, K, Cephalothorax; E – F, left palp and legs; H – J, abdomen. A, Dorsal. B, Lateral. C, Ventral. D, Frontal. E, Prolateral. F, Retrolateral. G, Dorsal. H, Lateral. I, Ventral. J, Abdomen, cuticle. K, Fovea. Scale bars, A – C, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; E – F, 2 mm; G – I; 100 µm; J, 10 µm; K, 30 µm.

FIGURE 50. Gelanor distinctus, female holotype (junior synonym of G. zonatus); A – B, Habitus; C – E, Epigynum. A, Dorsal. B, Ventral. C, Anterior. D, Ventral. E, Posterior. Scale bars, A – B, 1 mm; C – E, 200 µm.

FIGURE 51. Gelanor insularis, male holotype (junior synonym of G. zonatus); A – C, Habitus; D – I, right palp. A, Dorsal. B, Lateral. C, Ventral. D, Apical. E, Prolateral. F, Dorsal. G, Retrolateral. H – I, Ventral. Scale bars, A – C, 1 mm; D – I, 200 µm.

FIGURE 52. Gelanor obscurus, female holotype (junior synonym of G. z o n a t u s); A – B, Habitus; C, Cephalothorax; D – F, Epigynum. A, Dorsal. B, Ventral. C, Frontal. D, Anterior. E, Ventral. F, Posterior. Scale bars, A – B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm. D – F, 200 µm.

FIGURE 53. Gelanor zonatus, male palp (A – D, LB 285; E – I, LB 179). A, Prolateral. B, Dorsal. C, Retrolateral. D, Ventral. E, H, apical. F, Ventral. G, Dorsal. I, Retrolateral. Scale bars, A – D; 200 µm; E – H, 100 µm; I, 30 µm.

FIGURE 54. Gelanor zonatus, male (LB 179). A – B, Epiandrous spigots; C – F, Spinnerets, left. C, PMS. D, General view. E, ALS; area in rectangle corresponds to MoPi. F, PLS. Scale bars, A, 100 µm; B – C, E, M, 10 µm; D, 20 µm.

FIGURE 56. Gelanor zonatus, female (LB 179); A – J, Genitalia; K – M, Spinnerets, right. A, C, Ventral B, Anterior, clarified. C, Ventral, clarified. D, Posterior, clarified. E, Dorsal, clarified showing spermathecae. F, H, Epigynum with copulatory plugs. I, Posterior. J, Lateral. K, ALS. L, PMS. M, PLS. Scale bars, A – E, 200 µm; F, H, 30 µm; G, I, J, 100 µm; K – M, 10 µm.

FIGURE 57. Distribution records of Gelanor zonatus and its junior synonyms. Red shapes represent type localities and blue circles other localities for the species. Red star, G. distinctus (new synonymy); red square, G. insularis (new synonymy); red triangle, G. obscurus (new synonymy).