Gelanor latus ( Keyserling, 1881 )

Ligia R. Benavides & Gustavo Hormiga, 2016, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical pirate spiders of the genus Gelanor Thorell, 1869 (Araneae, Mimetidae) with the description of five new species, Zootaxa 4064 (1), pp. 1-72 : 38-50

Gelanor latus ( Keyserling, 1881)

( Figs. 5 A–D; 32–42)

Eurymachus latus Keyserling, 1881: 568 –569, pl. 16, fig. 16. Female holotype, PERU, Amable Maria. No additional data given in the description. Although we were unable to locate the type specimen, the description and female genitalia illustrations, other drawings and description are sufficient for species identification.

Gelanor lata Keyserling, 1893: 371 , pl. 19, fig. 277.

Gelanor mixtus O.- P. Cambridge, 1899. Male holotype, Guatemala (Sarg.); no other collection data. Specimen not found. Female paratype ( Fig. 32 ), Panama, Bugaba (Champion); no other collection data (BMNH, Examined). New synonymy.

Gelanor proximus Mello-Leitão, 1929 . Female holotype ( Figs. 33 A–G), Brazil, Ceará (Baturité); no other collection data. (MNHN 17785, examined). New synonymy.

Gelanor mabelae Chickering, 1947 Male holotype ( Figs. 34 D–H, only palps), Panamá, Canal Zone Biological. August 1936; male paratype ( Figs. 34 A–C), March 1933 (F.E. Lutz) and female allotype ( Figs. 33 H–P), July 1936. Same locality as the holotype. (MCZ, all examined). New synonymy.

Gelanor ornatus Schenkel, 1953 . Female holotype, Venezuela, Departamento Acosta, Provincia Falcon, El Pozón; no additional collection data (Naturhistorisches Museum Basel NMB, Not examined). Schenkel described G. ornatus based on a single female. The location of the type is unknown, but the description and drawings of this specimen are sufficient to determine that it is a junior synonym of G. latus . New synonymy.

Synonymy. Comparison of the description and illustrations of G. latus with the types of G. m i x t u s, G. proximus and G. mabelae , and with the illustrations and description of G. ornatus , suggests that G. l a t u s is a senior synonym of the aforementioned species. The illustrations show the unique patterns of the large dorsal abdominal spots with a thick border ( Figs. 35 A, 38A), the characteristic cymbial flap with a small lobe on its margin, ( Figs. 34 E, G, 37A) and the two circular depressions on the anterior part of the prominent epigynum ( Fig. 40 A, D).

Additional material examined. BOLIVIA: Beni: 16.8mi SW Yucumo, -15.05, -66.15, 500m, 1F, 15– 19.xi.1989, J. Coddington, S.F. Larcher, E. Peñaranda, C. Griswold, D. Silva ( USNM); no locality data, -16.712, - 64.666, 2M, 2F (MNHN-17892). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Presidente Figueiredo, Hidraeletrica Balbina, Reserva Biologica do Uatuma ( Ilha do U), -1.811111, -59.656806, 59m, 1F, 29.vii.2006, A. Tourinho (INPA-741), Maturaca, Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira, 0.102444, -66.117086, 88m, 1F, 11.ix.1990, A. Lise (MCP-1259), Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, L05-500, -2.930828, -59.974912, 115m, 1F, F. Fave (INPA-7759); Presidente Figueiredo, Hidraeletrica Balbina, Reserva Biologica do Uatuma (Ilha Massaranduba), -1.785, -59.685806, 59m, 1F, 9.vii.2006, R.S. Ferrreira (INPA-742); Bahia: Gandu, CEPLAC. R3242, -13.747526, -39.488233, 156m, 1M (MNRJ-6572), Gandu, Fazenda Såo Rafael. R3184, -13.747526, -39.488233, 156m, 1M, 19.x.1970 (MNRJ-6558), Ilheus, Rio Santana, -13.016667, -40.016667, 29m, 1F, 20–28.vi.1994, J. Geraldo (MNRJ-6574); Pará: Jacare-Acanga, - 6.034381, -57.152253, 264m, 1F, xii.1968, M. Alvarenga ( AMNH), Juruti . Acampamento Mutum., -1.101306, - 56.019222, 28m, 1F, 12.II.2007 ( MPEG (ARA)-21560), Juruti . Sitio Barroso, -2.117139, -56.000444, 28m, 1M, 08.II.2007 ( MPEG (ARA)-21556); Roraima: Municipalidade Caracaraí, Arquipélago de Mariuí e Baixo Rio Branco, Médio Rio Negro, Rio Jufarí, Caicubí, trail leading E. of Caicubí community, -1.029294, -62.095832, 24m, 1F, 30.v.2012, J. Ballesteros, L. Benavides, G. Hormiga, T. Moreira (GWU-GH1256). COLOMBIA: Boyacá: Sta. Maria, Sendero Almenara, 4.828056, -73.288333, 1100m, 1F, 15.v.2009, E. Florez, D. Luna (ICN-Ar- 5927); Meta: Puerto Colombia, Rio Negro, 3.152747, -73.052764, 250m, 1F, ix.1996, M. Tamayo (ICN-Ar-697), Villavicencio, Puerto Colombia, Agricola El Naranjal, 4.033611, -73.101389, 150m, 1F, V-1997, A. Fandino (IAvH-108079). Valle del Cauca: Yotoco, bosque de Yotoco, 3.868889, -76.382778, 20.x.2010, C. Cantor. (ICN- Ar-5929) COSTA RICA: Heredia: 4KM SE Puerto Viejo de Saripiquí, Finca La Selva, 10.45556, -85.02481, 101m, 1F, 15–27.ix.1981, C. Griswold (CASENT-9026543), La Selva, near Puerto Viejo, 10.134633, -84.016742, 100m, 1F, ii.1981, W. Eberhard (MCZ-77145); 4KM SE Puerto Viejo de Saripiquí, Finca La Selva, 10.002362, - 84.11651, 101m, 1M, 1–8.x.1981, C. Griswold (CASENT-9026520); Sirena Prov.: Corcovado National Park, 8.05, -83.083333, 40m, 1F, 23.xi.2002, J. Rovner ( MCZ). ECUADOR: Napo: Cuyabeno, Reserva Faunística Cuyabeno, Laguna Grande, sendero La Hormiga, -0.006667, - 76, 254m, 1M, 1F, 2–5.viii.1988, W. Maddison (MCZ-77114), PN Yasuní, Onkone Gare.-0.15, -76.1, 220m, 1M, 19.vi.1996, G. Hormiga, D. Southard, J. Coddington ( USNM); Orellana: Reserva Etnica Waorani , Transect Ent. 1Km S. Onkone, Gare Camp., -0.151389, -76.116689, 216m, 1F, 1.vii.1995, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1M, 1.x.1996, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1F, 10.ii.1995, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1M,1F, 13.ii.1996, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1M, 15.i.1994, T. Erwin ( USNM), 31F, 21.vi.1994, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1F, 22.vi.1996, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1M, 6.x.1994, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1F, 8.ii.1996, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1F, 9.ii.1995, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1F, 9.ii.1999, T. Erwin ( USNM), Tiputini Biodiversity Station, nr Yasuní National Park. Transect- t/1 Sta, -0.118056, -76.135833, 220–250m, 1F, 1.vii.1998, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1F, 1.VII.1998, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1M, 22.x.1998, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1M, 5.vii.1998, T. Erwin ( USNM), 1M, 1F, 9.xi.1999, T. Erwin ( USNM). FRENCH GUIANA: Commune Regina: Les Nouragues Field Station, 0.069067, -52.002278, 52m, 1F, 13–26.xi.2005, I. Agnarsson, J. Coddington, M. Kuntner, J. Miller, D. Roche and N. Scharff ( ZMUC), Les Nouragues Field Station, 4.069067, -52.002278, 52m, 6F, 1J, 13–26.xi.2005, I. Agnarsson, J. Coddington, M. Kuntner. J. Miller, D. Roche and N. Scharff ( ZMUC), 1F, 13/ 26.xi.2005, Agnarsson, Coddington, Kuntner. Miller, Roche and Scharff ( USNM); Patawa: Camp Patawa, Kaw track, 4.683333, -52.516667, 1F, 16–24.vi.2002, W.H. Tyson (CASENT-9028742). GUYANA: Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo: 4.42Km S Gunn's Strip, bank of Essequibo River, 1.101583, -58.134611, 240m, 2F, 6–15.vii.1999, J.A. Coddington, G. Hormiga, J. Miller, I. Agnarsson, M. Kuntner ( USNM). MEXICO: Chiapas: Palenque ruins area, 17.15, -92.016667, 141m, 2M, 2F, 2–11.vii.1983, W. Maddison and R.S. Anderson (MCZ-77204); San Luis Potosí: Xilita, Jardín Los Pozos Eduard James, 21.052556, -98.152028, 680m, 1F, F. Alvarez-Padilla (GWU-GH1296). NICARAGUA: Jinotega: P.N. Cerro Saslaya, montane wet forest, 13.768959, -85.034486, 1040m, 1F, 14.v.2011, LLAMA project (GWU-GH1298). PANAMA: Panamá: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 9.150158, -79.002036, 70m, 1F, 6.v.1964 (MCZ- 77141). PERU: Colonia Calleria: Rio Calleria, 15Km from Ucayali, -9.150117, -73.084972, 154m, 1F, 15–16.x.1961, B. Malkin ( AMNH); Madre de Dios: Parque Nacional Manu, Zona Reservada de Manu, puesto de Vigilancia Pakitza, night collecting, -11.133333, -71.133333, 356m, 1F, 25.ix.1987, D. Silva and J. Coddington ( USNM), Parque Nacional Manu, Zona reservada de Pakitza, -11.1, -71.116667, 356m, 1M, 1–9.x.1991, D. Silva ( USNM). SURINAME: Brokopondo: Brownsberg Reserve, 4.75, -55.083333, 77m, 1F, v.1984, D. Smith (MCZ- 77125). VENEZUELA: Aragua: Rancho Grande, 9.166667, -64.616667, 1064m, 1F, 1J, 20.xii.1954, A.M. Nadler ( AMNH), 1F, 27-iv / 4-v, Wm. Beebe & others ( AMNH), Rancho Grande near Maracay, 9.166667, - 64.616667, 1064m, 1F, 23.viii.1946, Wm. Beebe & others ( AMNH).

Diagnosis. Adult females of Gelanor latus are the largest in the genus. Both sexes can be distinguished from all other congeners by the unique pattern of the white dorsal abdominal spots: red (dark brown in ethanol) margins encircling white spots, juxtaposed and uniquely broad, much broader than in any other Gelanor species ( Figs. 35 A, 38A). The shape of the cymbial flap is unique to G. latus ( Figs. 34 E, G, 37A), as well as the very prominent epigynum with two circular depressions (in anterior view, Figs. 40 A, D).

Description. Male ( FRENCH GUIANA, Commune Regina. Les Nouragues Field Station. 13–26.xi.2005 I. Agnarsson, J. Coddington, M. Kuntner, J. Miller, D. Roche and N. Scharff; USNM). Habitus as in Figs. 35 A–D. Total length 4.54. In fresh specimens the carapace is grey. Cephalothorax 2.62 long, 2.06 wide, 0.85 high; abdomen 1.92 long, 1.72 wide, 1.47 high. Sternum 1.27 long, 0.97 wide. Labium 0.35 long, 0.32 wide. Clypeus 0.08 high; AME interdistance 0.14, PME 0.04. PME–AME distance 0.18; AME–ALE 0.14; PME–PLE distance 0.25. Chelicerae pale yellow with distal ends bright orange ( Fig. 35 D); ChL 0.89; ChW1 0.43; ChW2 0.47. Dorsal white abdominal spots occupying most of abdomen anterior half; red margins of white spots, broad and juxtaposed. Six thin red lines cross the abdomen transversally. Abdomen ventrally with a white transversal stripe and a red patch under it. Legs as in Figs. 36 E–H. For palp and leg measurements, see Table 7. Palp 1.86 times longer than total body length ( Figs. 37 A–E). Cymbium wider than long (0.76 long, 0.96 wide); cymbial flap with a small median lobe on its margin ( Figs. 34 E, G, 37A); spinnerets as in Fig. 37 .

Tr Fm Pt Tb Mt Ta

Palp 0.4 4.24 1.32 3.63

Leg I 0.18 4.83 1.26 5.01 6.28 1.5

Leg II 0.27 3.76 0.91 3.49 4.01 1.54

Leg III 0.39 2.38 0.67 1.81 1.81 0.81

Leg IV 0.53 3.11 0.68 2.32 2.34 0.79 Female (from FRENCH GUIANA, same label data as male, USNM). Habitus as in Figs. 38 A–D. Total length 5.22. Coloration similar to that in the male. Cephalothorax smooth, 2.55 long, 1.99 wide, 0.9 high; abdomen 2.67 long, 2.88 wide, 2.43 high. Fovea as in Fig. 40 C. Sternum 1.31 long, 1.02 wide. Labium 0.33 long, 0.29 wide. Clypeus 0.07 high. AME inter-distance 0.16; PME inter-distance 0.08; distance PME–AME 0.16; distance AME– ALE 0.24; PME–PLE distance 0.3. Chelicerae ( Figs. 38 D, 39B) dark yellow with darker distal margin. ChL 1.04; ChW1 0.54; ChW2 0.49. Peg teeth as in Figs. 39 D–E. For palp and leg measurements see Table 8. Epigynum very prominent; anteriorly with two circular depressions ( Figs. 40 A, D); septum medially constricted, with large dark brown anterior lateral lobes ( Fig. 40 B). Spermathecae rounded and externally fused ( Figs. 40 C, E); spermathecal accessory glands posterior, very close to fertilization ducts ( Fig. 40 F). Spinnerets as in Fig. 41 .

Variation. Carapace and sternum vary from light yellow-orange to dark orange or black. In both sexes the dark marks on femora I and II can be absent. Male cephalothorax ranges in length from 2.45 to 3.08 and in width from 1.92 to 2.53; abdomen width ranges from 1.49 to 1.98; abdomen height from 1.23 to 1.59; total body length from 4.57 to 5.37 (n=6). Female cephalothorax ranges in length from 2.55 to 3.57; cephalothorax width ranges from 0.9 to 1.53; abdomen width ranges from 2.88 to 5.42; abdomen height ranges from 2.37 to 3.92; total body length ranges from 5.22 to 7.54 (n=7). Number of dorsal macrosetae on male metatarsus I varies from 11 to 16. Epigynal plugs made from secretions were found in about 30% of the females examined (e.g. Figs. 33 E–G).

Tr Fm Pt Tb Mt Tr

Palp 0.85 0.36 0.64 1.0

Leg I 0.32 5.02 1.7 4.41 4.75 1.54

Leg II 0.31 4.55 1.03 3.56 3.74 1.7

Leg III 0.33 2.89 0.84 1.98 1.95 0.83

Leg IV 0.31 3.51 0.63 2.3 2.31 0.76 Distribution. Recorded from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, French Guiana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru ( Fig. 42 ).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Schematic drawings of Gelanor male palps (drawn after right palps; reversed to show as left palps), G. latus (A – D); G. consequus, partially expanded with KOH (E – G). A, Ectoventral view; arrow points to alveolar cavity. B, Tegular division, proximal (basal) view; arrow points to partially collapsed membranous sac (due to methyl salicylate treatment). C, Proximal (basal) view; arrow points to embolus base-tegulum sclerotized hinge. D, Detail of embolus base-tegulum connection (right pointing arrow, membranous connection; left pointing arrow, sclerotized connection). E, Ectoventral view; bottom pointing arrow, embolus; up pointing arrow, conductor (part). F, Mesal view arrow, embolus base. G, Ectal view; arrow, embolus.

FIGURE 32. Gelanor mixtus (junior synonym of G. latus), female holotype; A – E, Habitus; E – G, Epigynum; H, Spermathecae. A, Cephalothorax, dorsal. B, Cephalothorax, ventral. C, Abdomen, dorsal. D Abdomen, ventral. E, Anterior. F, Ventral. G, Caudal. H, spermathecae dorsal view. Scale bars, A – D, 1 mm; E – H, 200 µm.

FIGURE 34. Gelanor mabelae, male paratype (junior synonym of G. latus); A – B, Habitus; C, Cephalothorax; D – H, Male right palp. A, Dorsal. B, Lateral. C, Cephalothorax frontal. D, Apical. E, Prolateral. F, Dorsal. G, Retrolateral. H, Ventral. Scale bars, A – C, 1 mm; D – H, 500 µm.

FIGURE 35. Gelanor latus, male (GH 1625); A – C, Habitus; D, Cephalothorax; E – H, Palp and legs. A, Dorsal. B, Lateral. C, Ventral. D, Frontal. E, Palp and legs prolateral. F, Palp and legs retrolateral. G, Tibiae I and II, dorsal. H, Metatarsi I and II, dorsal. Scale bars, A – C, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; E – H, 2 mm.

FIGURE 36. Gelanor latus, male palp (LB 05). A, Prolateral. B Dorsal. C, Retrolateral. D, Ventral. E, Apical. Scale bars, 100 µm.

FIGURE 37. Gelanor latus, male spinnerets (LB 05). A, Right ALS with MoPi spigots in boxed region. B, Detail of left MoPi spigots. C, Right PMS. D, Left PLS. Scale bars, 20 µm.

FIGURE 38. Gelanor latus, female (GH 1625); A – C, Habitus; D, Cephalothorax; E – F, Palp and legs. A, Dorsal. B, Lateral. C, Ventral. D, Frontal. E, Prolateral. F, Retrolateral. Scale bars, A – B, 1 mm; C – D, 2 mm; E – H, 200 µm; I, 100 µm.

FIGURE 39. Gelanor latus, female cephalothorax (LB 27). A, Dorsal. B, Lateral. C, Fovea. D, Left chelicera retrolateral margin. E, Right chelicera prolateral margin. Scale bars, A, 500 µm; B, 200 µm; C – E, 50 µm.

FIGURE 40. Gelanor latus, female (A – C, LB 88; D – FE, LB 27; G – H, LB 125); A – F, Genitalia; G – H, Tracheal system. A, Anterior. B, Ventral. C, Caudal. D – E, Spermathecae. D, Anterior. E, Ventral. F, Caudal. G, Tracheal system. H, Detail of the medium tracheal trunks showing their leaf – shaped tip. Scale bars, A – C, 200 µm; D – F, 100 µm.

FIGURE 41. Gelanor latus, female spinnerets (LB 27). A, General view. B, Anal tubercle. C, Right ALS. D, Left PMS with two modified setae in boxed region. E, PMS showing the miA spigot, nubbin and tartipore. F, PMS Cyl spigot. G, PMS modified setae from boxed region on Figure 41 D. H, Right PLS. I, PLS Cyl spigot. Scale bars, A, 200 µm; B, 50 µm; C, D, H, 20 µm; E – G, I, 10 µm.

FIGURE 42. Distribution records of G. latus and its junior synonyms. Red shapes represents type localities and blue circles other localities for the species. Red circle, G. latus; red star, G. mabelae (new synonymy); red square, G. mixtus (new synonymy); red triangle, G. ornatus (new synonymy); red hexagon, G. proximus (new synonymy).

FIGURE 33. G. mabelae female holotype and G. proximus female holotype (both are junior synonyms of G. latus). A – I, G. mabelae; J – P, G. proximus. A. Cephalothorax, dorsal. B, Cephalothorax, ventral. C, Abdomen, dorsal. D, Abdomen, ventral. E, Cephalothorax, frontal. F, Peg teeth. G – I, Epigynum. E, Anterior. F, Ventral. G, Caudal. J, Cephalothorax, dorsal. K, Cephalothorax, ventral. L, Abdomen, dorsal. M, Abdomen, ventral. N – P, Epigynum. N, Anterior. O, Ventral. P, Caudal. Scale bars, A – D, H – L, 1 mm; E – G, M – P, 200 µm.