Gelanor consequus

Ligia R. Benavides & Gustavo Hormiga, 2016, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical pirate spiders of the genus Gelanor Thorell, 1869 (Araneae, Mimetidae) with the description of five new species, Zootaxa 4064 (1), pp. 1-72 : 20-28

Gelanor consequus O. P.-Cambridge, 1902

( Figs. 5 E–G; 12–22)

Gelanor consequus O. P.-Cambridge, 1902: 306. Female holotype, PANAMA, Bugaba. No other collection data (BMNH, examined).

Galena consequa F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902: 412, plate 37, fig. 7 (female).

Gelanor consequus Mello-Leitão, 1929: 559 , pl. 5, fig. 29 (female).

Gelanor depressus Chickering, 1956 . Female holotype ( Figs. 13 A–E), PANAMA, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island. Biological Zone. viii.1939 (MCZ, examined). New synonymy.

Gelanor gertschi Chickering, 1947 . Female holotype ( Figs. 13 F–J), PANAMA, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island. Biological Zone. vii.1939 (MCZ, examined). New synonymy.

Gelanor heraldicus Petrunkevitch, 1925 . Female holotype ( Figs. 13 K–O), PANAMA, San Lorenzo river, Wilcox camp. On shrubs in forest. 4.vii.1924. A. & W. Petrunkevitch (YPM–ENT 50271, examined). New synonymy.

Synonymies. The study and comparison of the female holotype specimens of G. depressus , G. gertschi and G. heraldicus suggests that these specimens are conspecific with the female holotype of G. consequus and thus junior synonyms of the latter species.

Additional material examined. BOLIVIA: Beni: 16.8mi SW Yucumo, -15.05, -66.15, 500m, 1M, 1F, 15– 19.xi.1989, J. Coddington, S.F. Larcher, E. Peñaranda, C. Griswold, D. Silva ( USNM), Estación Biológica Beni, Zone 1, Plot 0 9, -14.11667, -66.08333, 225m, 4M, 8–14.xi.1989, J. Coddington, S.F. Larcher, E. Peñaranda, C. Griswold, D. Silva ( USNM), Zischka's Camp, 1F, x–xii.1953, Forster & Schindler ( AMNH). BRASIL: Pará: Melgaco, Estacao Cientifica Ferreira Penna, FLONA Caxiuana, -1.052556, -51.002389, 1M, 29.ix.2005 ( MCP 21651), Melgaco, Estacao Cientifica Ferreira Penna, FLONA Caxiuana, -1.05256, -51.00239, 1F, 01.x.2005 ( MCP 21650). Amazonas: Barcelos, Rio Demeni, Rio Jalauaca (floresta terra firme), -0.10139, -59.97491, 1F, 16– 22.viii.2008, A.Nogueira ( INPA 7766), Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, LO5-1500, -2.93088, -59.97491, 2F, 3J, 22.v, F. Fave ( INPA 7760), Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, LO5-500, -2.93088, -59.97491, 1M, 20.v, F. Tunto ( INPA 7761), Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, LO5-3500, -2.93088, -59.97491, 1M, 23.v, F. Padrao ( INPA 7762), 1M, 24.v, F. Padrao ( INPA 7763); Matro Grosso: Sinop, -11.03416, -55.15096, 371m, 1M, 18.iv.1998, A. Braul ( MCP 11132), Sinop, -2.05, -46.01667, 59m, 1F, 7–15.iv.1963, B. Malkin ( AMNH), Sinop, -11.89583, - 55.50083, 371m, 1F, x.1976, M. Alvarenga ( AMNH); Roraima: Caracaraí, Parque Nacional do Viruá, 1.298611, - 61.137222, 1F, 27.v.2006, A. Tourinho ( INPA 1822), Municipalidade Caracaraí, Arquipélago de Mariuí e Baixo Rio Branco, Médio Rio Negro Rio Jufarí, Comunidade Caicubí, Pupunha., -0.98899, -62.0975, 38m, 1M, 28.v.2012, G. Hormiga, J. Ballesteros, L. Benavides, T. Moreira (GH1254). COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Km 22 via Tarapacá, Reserva Tucano, -4.04495, -69.98978, 95m, 1F, 4.xi.2003, Est. Sist. Animal (ICN-Ar-2338); Chocó: Rio San Juan, Caño Taparral ca. 20km N of Palestina, 4.15147, -77.13444, 31m, 1M, 1–15.xii.1968, B. Malkin ( AMNH); Vaupés: Municipio Taraira, Cano Pintadillo, -1.01667, -69.15, 200m, 1M, 1J, iv.2002, J. Pinzón (ICN- Ar-5924), Municipio Taraira, Lago Taraira, Estación Biológica Caparú, -1.06667, -69.01667, 200m, 3F, 2J, ix.2002, L. Benavides (ICN-Ar-5923). COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Province: Osa peninsula, 2.5mi. SW Rincon, 8.03333, -83.15, 48m, 1F, 21-28.ii.1967, OTS Advanced Zoology course ( MCZ 77193). ECUADOR: Napo: 10 Km Road Archidona-Rio Hollin, Sacha Wagra Lodge, -0.955, -77.748, 1F, 29.xi.2009 (GWU-GH892); Orellana: Reserva Etnica Waorani , Transect Ent. 1Km S. Onkone Gare Camp, -0.15139, -76.11669, 216m, 1M, 12.ii.1995, T. Erwin ( USNM), Tiputini Biodiversity Station, nr Yasuni National Park. Transect- t/1 Sta, -0.11806, -76.13583, 220–250m, 1M, 24.x.1998, T. Erwin ( USNM), 2M, 9.ii.1999, T. Erwin ( USNM), Yasuni National Park, -0.67111, - 76.405, 1F, 1–5.xii.2009, L. Benavides (GWU-GH1574). FRENCH GUIANA: Commune Regina: Commune Regina. Les Nouragues Field Station, 4.06907, -52.66894, 52m, 2M, 13–26.xi.2005, I. Agnarsson, J. Coddington, M. Kuntner, J. Miller, D. Roche and N. Scharff ( USNM), Les Nouragues Field Station, 4.06907, -52.66894, 52m, 1M, 13–26.xi.2005, I. Agnarsson, J. Coddington, M. Kuntner, J. Miller, D. Roche and N. Scharff ( ZMUC); Saul: Along path to Mt. Galbao, disturbed tropical rain forest, 3.613333, -53.214917, 53m, 1XX ( USNM). GUYANA: Canje: Ikuruwa River, Forest Savanna, 5.75, -57.5, 56m, 1F, viii–xii.1961, G. Bentley ( AMNH). PANAMA: Panamá City: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 9.15016, -79.00203, 33m, 1F, 24.v.1946, T.C. Scheneirla ( AMNH). PERU: Madre de Dios: Parque Nacional Manu, Zona Reservada de Manu, Rio La Torre and Rio Tambopata, -12, -69.11667, 343m, 1F, viii.1979, A. Rypstra ( USNM), Parque Nacional Manu, Zona reservada de Pakitza, -11.1, -71.11667, 356m, 1F, 26–30.xi.1991, D. Silva ( USNM). VENEZUELA: Aragua: Henri Pittier NP, Rancho Grande, 10.03556, -67.11889, 1500m, 1F, 1J, 18.ii.1984, J. Coddington ( USNM); Monagas: Caripe, Outside Cueva del Guacharo, 10.17444, -63.49889, 1065m, 1F, 18.ii.1984, J. Coddington ( USNM).

Diagnosis. Females of Gelanor consequus are the smallest in the genus. Cephalothorax dark brown (in fresh collected specimens), abdomen more rounded that in the other Gelanor species ( Figs. 13–14 ). The characteristic abdominal spots of the genus are in females of G. consequus very small, its margins red or black and thin. Conductor very prominent, hook-shaped (5C, F; 16A, C; 17A–C, F); cymbium constricted on its base, wider than long ( Fig. 17 D). Epigynum with a small septum compared to other Gelanor species, without lateral lobes protecting the copulatory openings ( Fig. 20 E–F); spermathecae less than one diameter apart, not externally fused; not rounded or oval like in other Gelanor species, but shaped like a “question mark” ( Fig. 20 H).

Description. Male ( FRENCH GUIANA, Commune Regina. Les Nouragues Field Station. 13–26.xi.2005. 4.069067, −52.668944. I. Agnarsson, J. Coddington, M. Kuntner, J. Miller, D. Roche and N. Scharff; ZMUC, GH1597). Habitus as in Fig. 14 . Total length 3.80. Cephalothorax 2.08 long, 1.61 wide, 0.79 high; abdomen 1.72 long, 1.86 wide, 1.26 high. Carapace light yellow with three wide dark brown stripes: one extending from ocular area to carapace apex and one on each side extending from each lateral side reaching towards fovea ( Fig. 14 A). Fovea as in Fig. 8 A. Sternum pale yellow ( Fig. 14 C), 1.07 long, 0.8 wide. Labium 0.34 long, 0.25 wide. Clypeus 0.05 high; AME inter-distance 0.13, PME inter-distance 0.04. PME-AME distance 0.14; AME-ALE 0.19; chelicerae pale yellow with distal ends dark brown; ChL 0.67; ChW1 0.32; ChW2 0.35. Fang and peg teeth as in Fig. 18 B. Abdomen rounded, dark brown, with two white spots encircled by a thin dark red line ( Fig. 14 A); dark red thin lines and white stripes crossing abdomen transversally. Abdomen white laterally ( Fig. 14 B). For palp and leg measurements, see Table 3. Legs as in Fig. 15 . Palp 1.92 times longer than total body length. Cymbium wider than long (0.48 long, 0.65 wide), constricted on its base; conductor very prominent, hook shaped, surrounding the embolus tip ( Fig. 5 E; 16A, C; 17A–C, F). Epiandrous fusules arranged in two lateral clusters and one transverse line of fusules in between ( Fig 18 C); base of fusules in a groove ( Fig. 18 D). Spinnerets as in Figs. 18 E–I.

Tr Fm Pt Tb Mt Ta

Palp 0.19 3.41 0.98 2.75

Leg I 0.12 4.43 1.11 4.90 5.35 2.14

Leg II 0.27 3.64 0.85 3.24 3.58 1.40

Leg III 0.19 2.39 0.48 1.56 1.46 0.71

Leg IV 0.17 2.59 0.52 1.89 1.90 0.66 Female ( FRENCH GUIANA, same label data as male; USNM, GH1623). Habitus as in Figs. 19 A–D. Total length 4.29. Cephalothorax 2.33 long, 1.73 wide, 0.87 high; abdomen 1.96 long, 2.22 wide, 1.41 high. Carapace dark brown, with lighter areas in the location of male’s dark stripes. ( Fig. 19 A). Sternum pale yellow on mid anterior half and black on mid posterior half, with two small marginal dark spots at the coxae II level ( Fig. 19 C), 1.14 long, 0.95 wide. Labium brown, lighter anteriorly. 0.32 long, 0.29 wide. Clypeus 0.12 high. AME interdistance 0.13; PME inter-distance 0.09; distance PME–AME 0.12; distance AME–ALE 0.19; chelicerae light orange ( Fig. 19 D); ChL 0.88; ChW1 0.43; ChW2 0.51. Fang and cheliceral glands as in Figs. 21 A–B. Abdomen similar in shape and coloration to that of male. For palp and leg measurements see Table 4. Legs as in Figs. 19 E– H. Epigynum with a small “T” shaped septum ( Figs. 20 A, E–F); no lateral lobes protecting copulatory openings ( Fig. 20 F); spermathecal sacs “question mark” shaped, not externally fused ( Figs. 20 D, H); copulatory openings posterior to fertilization ducts ( Fig. 20 D); accessory glands clustered near the fertilization ducts ( Fig. 20 H). Spinnerets as in Figs. 21 C–E, G, H.

Tr Fm Pt Tb Mt Ta

Palp 0.19 0.94 0.39 0.6 0.8

Leg I 0.23 3.89 1.08 4.01 3.09 1.16

Leg II 0.18 3.47 0.93 2.98 3.1 1.38

Leg III 0.2 2.21 0.54 1.38 1.39 0.72

Leg IV 0.16 2.57 0.56 1.76 1.58 0.77 Variation. Carapace and sternum vary from light yellow to dark brown. In both sexes the dark marks on femora I and II can be absent. Male cephalothorax ranges in length from 1.99 to 2.29; cephalothorax width ranges from 1.45 to 1.61; cephalothorax height ranges from 0.79 to 0.94; abdomen width ranges from 1.39 to 1.86; abdomen height ranges from 0.97 to 1.46; total body length ranges from 3.54 to 4.14 (n=5). Female cephalothorax ranges in length from 1.85 to 2.39; cephalothorax width ranges from 1.52 to 1.75; cephalothorax height ranges from 0.71 to 1.09; abdomen width ranges from 1.91 to 3.31; abdomen height ranges from 1.84 to 3.07; total body length ranges from 3.86 to 5.34 (n=9).

Distribution. Recorded from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela ( Fig. 22 ).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Schematic drawings of Gelanor male palps (drawn after right palps; reversed to show as left palps), G. latus (A – D); G. consequus, partially expanded with KOH (E – G). A, Ectoventral view; arrow points to alveolar cavity. B, Tegular division, proximal (basal) view; arrow points to partially collapsed membranous sac (due to methyl salicylate treatment). C, Proximal (basal) view; arrow points to embolus base-tegulum sclerotized hinge. D, Detail of embolus base-tegulum connection (right pointing arrow, membranous connection; left pointing arrow, sclerotized connection). E, Ectoventral view; bottom pointing arrow, embolus; up pointing arrow, conductor (part). F, Mesal view arrow, embolus base. G, Ectal view; arrow, embolus.

FIGURE 8. Gelanor altithorax, female (A – G, LB 177; H – L, LB 317); A – C, Cephalothorax; D – F, abdomen. A, Dorsal. B, Lateral. C, Ventral. D, Dorsal. E, Lateral. F, Ventral. G, Cephalothorax, Frontal. H, Carapace, Dorsal. I, Fovea, detail. J, Legs, prolateral. K, Detail of tibiae I and II, Prolateral view. L, Detail of metatarsus I and II, prolateral view. Scale bars, A – C, G, K, L, 1 mm; D – F, J, 2 mm; H, 200 µm; I, 20 µm.

FIGURE 13. Gelanor depressus, female holotype; Gelanor gertschi, female holotype; and Gelanor heraldicus, female holotype (all three are junior synonyms of Gelanor consequus). A – E, Gelanor depressus. F – J, Gelanor gertschi. K – O, Gelanor heraldicus. A – B, Habitus. C – E, Epigynum. A, Dorsal. B, Ventral. C, Anterior. D, Ventral. E, Posterior. F – G, habitus. H – J, Epigynum. F, Dorsal. G, Ventral. H, Anterior. I, Ventral. J, Posterior. K – L, habitus; M – O, Epigynum. K, Dorsal. L, Ventral. M, Anterior. N, Ventral. O, Posterior. Scale bars, A, B, F, G, K, L, 1 mm; C – E, H – J, M – O, 200 µm.

FIGURE 14. Gelanor consequus, male paratype. A, Dorsal. B, Lateral. C, Ventral. Scale bars, 1 mm.

FIGURE 15. Gelanor consequus, male paratype; A – D, legs. A, Prolateral. B, Retrolateral. C, femora I and II, dorsal. D, Tibiae I and II, dorsal. Scale bars, A – B, 2 mm; C – D, 1 mm.

FIGURE 17. Gelanor consequus, male (LB 41), left palp, SEM. A, Dorsal. B, Apical. C, Ventral. D, Prolateral. E, Retrolateral view expanded. F, Apical, conductor detail. G, Tarsal organ. Scale bars, A – E, 100 µm; F, 30 µm; G, 10 µm.

FIGURE 18. Gelanor consequus. Male (LB 41). A, Fovea. B, Fang and peg teeth. C, Epiandrous spigots. D, Detail of epiandrous spigots. E, Spinnerets, general view. F, left ALS. G, ALS detail showing the MoPi (*). H, left PMS. I, left PLS.

FIGURE 19. Gelanor consequus, female (A – D, GH 1623; E – H, LB 49); A – C, Habitus; D, Cephalothorax; E – H, Legs. A, Dorsal. B, Lateral. C, Ventral. D, Frontal. E, Prolateral. F, Retrolateral. G, Femora I and II. H, Tibiae I and II. Scale bars, A – C, G – H, 1 mm; E – F, 2 mm; D, 500 µm.

FIGURE 20. Gelanor consequus, female genitalia (A – D, LB 49; E – I, LB 94); A – D, Epigynum clarified; E – I, Epigynum, SEM. A, Anterior. B, Ventral. C, Posterior. D, Dorsal. E, Ventral. F – G, Ventral view, detail. H, Spermathecae. I, Spermathecae, accessory glands. Scale bars, A – D, 200 µm; E, 100 µm; F – G, 10 µm; H, 20 µm; I, 5 µm.

FIGURE 21. Gelanor consequus, female (A – B, F, LB 49; C – E, G – H, LB 94); A – B, Chelicerae; C – H, Spinnerets and colulus. A – B, Cheliceral glands and tooth. C, Spinnerets, general view. D, Right ALS. E, Detail showing modified setae on ALS margin. F, Colulus. G, Right PLS. H, Left PMS. Scale bars, A, 20 µm; B, D – H, 10 µm; C, 100 µm.

FIGURE 22. Distribution map of records of Gelanor consequus and its junior synonyms. Red shapes represent type localities. Blue circles represent new records for the species. Red star, G. consequus; red hexagon, G. depressus (new synonymy); red square, G. gertschi (new synonymy); red triangle, G. heraldicus (new synonymy).