Charpentieria itala zalloti, De Mattia & Reier & Haring, 2021

De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne & Haring, Elisabeth, 2021, Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae), ZooKeys 1077, pp. 1-175 : 1

Charpentieria itala zalloti nom. nov.

Figs 48.1-48.2, 50.1-50.2

Remarks.

During field collecting (WDM), five populations belonging to C. itala ssp. were found in the surrounding of Udine and Cividale (Friuli, Italy). These populations show a remarkably reduced size of the shell comparing to the nominate subspecies or C. itala serravalensis , that are the closest C. itala subspecies in the west (Figs 44 , 48 ). Moreover, the sutures are almost colourless, the shell is translucent and the peristome is continuous (Figs 50 .1, 50.2). Nordsieck (1963b) stated that the eastern distributional limit for C. itala is represented by the axis Pordenone-Ampezzo. Thus, these Friulian populations were neglected or simply not known by him. Nevertheless, these populations of C. itala were not unknown to past authors. Pirona (1865: 692) cited " Clausilia alboguttata Wagn. [= C. itala ]. Nei muri vecchi muscosi (On old mossy walls); Udine, Tricesimo, Dolegna, Sacile, Portogruaro". He listed two morphotypes: var. a, major for the western part (Caneva and Portogruaro) and var. b, Clausilia minor for Udine and Dolegna. In his description, for var. b, Clausilia minor Pirona (1865) pointed out the translucent shell (cornea) and the continuous peristome (peristomate continuo) and these details, as previously stated, are regularly found also in the easternmost populations recently collected. Concerning the anatomy of the genital organs, these populations present the absence of the (2) longitudinal epiphallar pleats (Figs 48 .1-48.2). As regards the identity of the var. a, major, following Pirona’s description (saturate Charpentieria rubiginea , peristomate soluto) it can be postulated that he dealt with the nominate subspecies.

The type locality of the nominate subspecies is less than 50 km west of Portogruaro. Thus, following Pirona (1865) and recent research, the distributional area of C. itala is further extended eastward as far as the Friuli plain and Cividale/Dolegna in the east.

Despite Pirona’s (1865) thorough description, Clausilia minor Pirona, 1865 is several times preoccupied by: Clausilia minor Küster, 1850, currently a synonym of Medora contracta contracta ( Rossmässler, 1842); Clausilia minor Küster, 1850, currently a synonym of Medora almissana almissana ( Küster, 1847); Clausilia minor Charpentier, 1852, currently a synonym of Albinaria profuga (Charpentier, 1852); Clausilia minor A. Schmidt, 1856, currently a synonym of Clausilia rugosa provincialis Coutagne, 1886; Clausilia minor Walderdorff, 1864, currently a synonym of Delima montenegrina semilabiata (Walderdorff, 1864).

The Friulian populations with translucent shell and reduced shell dimensions are here named C. itala zalloti nom. nov.

Nordsieck (2011, supplemented May 2021) in chapter 4 clearly referred to our data and manuscript when he felt the need to supplement his web article. He cited Pirona (1865) stating that "The form from Udine, Friuli ( …) is strikingly similar to that from Verona. ( …) Because of this similarity it is deemed to have been introduced." We disagree with his rushed conclusion, as the presence of this taxon also in many natural spots along the low Prealps makes an introduction quite unlikely or, at least, deserving additional research.

Distribution and habitat.

Charpentieria itala zalloti nom. nov. is found on limestone stonewalls (Cividale) or natural limestone small cliffs (Udine castle hill, Tricesimo and Julian Prealps), usually in shady spots. The taxon is found in the Friuli plain and in natural habitats along the low Prealps. Pirona (1865: 692) provides a wider distribution including territories in the west, as far as Sacile, and in the east as far as Dolegna.

Specimens examined.

Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Udine , castle hill. 140 m asl, 46°03'53.37"N, 13°14'12.35"E, L. Anzil leg., W. De Mattia det., 3 dissected spm . Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Udine, Tribil Superiore. 600 m asl, 46°08'26.55"N, 13°37'3.22"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm . Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Udine, Lesizza. 340 m asl, 46°7'55.33"N, 13°33'57.00"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det . Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Udine, Stermizza. 730 m asl, 46°11'15.09"N, 13°31'31.28"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det . Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Udine, Rucchin. 670 m asl, 46°9'12.62"N, 13°38'12.23"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det .

External morphology of the genital organs

(Fig. 48 .1). The V is slightly shorter than the FO. The FDBC is as long as the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is slightly shorter than the BC+SDBC. The V is cylindrical and wide in diameter. The PC is only slightly longer than the V. The P is short but wide in diameter and the transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is short and robust. The E is almost as long as the P but small in diameter.

Internal morphology of the genital organs

(Fig. 48 .2). The V is smooth. The P presents two strong irregular longitudinal folded pleats that reach the A. The PP is folded and elongated with a pointed tip. It occupies almost the whole penial volume. The PP originates from the ER which is connected to the ELP. The two ELP are weak. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ER(ELP)).

Etymology.

Charpentieria itala zalloti nom. nov. was named after Enrico Zallot (Feltre, Italy-Monster, The Netherlands), skilled malacologist, as a token of friendship and esteem.

Figures

Figure 44. Charpentieria itala itala (G. von Martens, 1824), Barbarano Vicentino 44.1, 44.2 whole distal genital organs 44.3 internal distal part of genital organs 44.4 detail of the pseudopapilla. Charpentieria itala albopustolata (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832), Brescia 44.5 whole distal genital organs 44.6 internal distal part of genital organs. Charpentieria itala allatollae (Kaeufel, 1928), Val Ampola, Storo 44.7 whole distal genital organs 44.8 internal distal part of genital organs.

Figure 48. Charpentieria itala zalloti nom. nov., Udine 48.1 whole distal genital organs 48.2 internal distal part of genital organs. Charpentieria itala serravalensis (Nordsieck, 1963), Serravalle, Vittorio Veneto 48.3 whole distal genital organs 48.4 internal distal part of genital organs. Charpentieria itala trepida (Kaeufel, 1928), Cima Ora, Anfo 48.5 whole distal genital organs 48.6 internal distal part of genital organs.

Figure 50. Charpentieria itala zalloti nom. nov., Udine 50.1 - 50.2 shell. Charpentieria itala serravalensis (Nordsieck, 1963), Serravalle, Vittorio Veneto 50.3 shell. Charpentieria itala trepida (Kaeufel, 1928), Cima Ora, Anfo 50.4 shell. Charpentieria itala triumplinae Nardi, 2011, Lavenone, Brescia 50.5 shell. Charpentieria itala variscoi (Pini, 1883), Val Taleggio, Bergamo 50.6 shell.