Pterostichus (Feroperis) maryseae Sun & Shi

Sun, Xiaojie, Shi, Hongliang, Sang, Weiguo & Axmacher, Jan Christoph, 2018, Two new species of Feroperis Lafer (Carabidae, Pterostichus) from China, with a key to all known Chinese species in this subgenus, ZooKeys 799, pp. 95-114 : 95

Pterostichus (Feroperis) maryseae Sun & Shi sp. n. Figs 7, 8-10, 11-13

Type locality.

CHINA: Heilongjiang Province, Hailin County: Taipinggou Forest Farm (44°24.7459'N, 128°24.4753'E), altitude 958 m.

Type materials.

Holotype (IZAS): male, body length 13.4 mm, board mounted, genitalia dissected and glued on plastic film pinned under specimen, "China, Heilongjiang / Taipinggou Forest Farm / Zhangguangcai Mountain"; "Pitfall trap, 958 m, 2016.VI.20 / 44°24.7459'N, 128°24.4753'E / Sun Xiaojie, MZUC"; "HOLOTYPE ♂ / Pterostichus (Feroperis) / maryseae sp. n. / des. SUN & SHI 2018" [red label]. Paratypes (a total of 942 specimens [440 males and 502 females], all in IZAS): 67 males, 162 females, the same data as holotype, but labeled as paratype. 96 males and 97 females, "China, Heilongjiang / Taipinggou Forest Farm / Zhangguangcai Mountain"; "Pitfall trap, 958 m, 2016.VI.08 / 44°24.7459'N, 128°24.4753'E / Sun Xiaojie, MZUC"; "PARATYPE / Pterostichus (Feroperis) / maryseae sp. n. / des. SUN & SHI 2018" [red label]. 89 males and 160 females, "China, Heilongjiang / Taipinggou Forest Farm / Zhangguangcai Mountain"; "Pitfall trap, 958 m, 2016.VII.05 / 44°24.7459'N, 128°24.4753'E / Sun Xiaojie, MZUC"; "PARATYPE / Pterostichus (Feroperis) / maryseae sp. n. / des. SUN & SHI 2018" [red label]. 167 males and 46 females, "China, Heilongjiang / Taipinggou Forest Farm / Zhangguangcai Mountain"; "Pitfall trap, 958 m, 2016. VIII.03 / 44°24.7459'N, 128°24.4753'E / Sun Xiaojie, MZUC"; "PARATYPE / Pterostichus (Feroperis) / maryseae sp. n. / des. SUN & SHI 2018" [red label]. 21 males and 36 females, "China, Heilongjiang / Taipinggou Forest Farm / Zhangguangcai Mountain"; "Pitfall trap, 958 m, 2016.VIII.31 / 44°24.7459'N, 128°24.4753'E / Sun Xiaojie, MZUC"; "PARATYPE / Pterostichus (Feroperis) / maryseae sp. n. / des. SUN & SHI 2018" [red label]. 1 female, "China, Jilin, Jiaohe City / Forest Ecology Stations"; "Pitfall trap, 397 m, 2018.IX.01 / 43°57'20"N, 127°41'50"E / Shi Hongliang, Beijing Forestry University"; "PARATYPE / Pterostichus (Feroperis) / maryseae sp. n. / des. SUN & SHI 2018" [red label].

Diagnosis.

This new species can be distinguished from all the other species in the subgenus by the combination of the following characters: (1) lateral margins of pronotum evenly convex before basal third, then strongly contracted and straight before posterior angles; (2) pronotum posterior angles strongly protruding, forming strong denticles, lateral border strongly widened at posterior denticles, its width about two times wider than the lateral border of pronotum; (3) apical lamella of aedeagus about quadrate, length approx 1.1 times its basal width; slightly widened forming truncate apex, not thickened in lateral view; apical lamella weakly bent to the right in dorsal view.

This new species is distinguishable in the subgenus for its apical lamella of the aedeagus not being capitate or widened to apex, and ventral margin straight before apex in lateral view. These aedeagal characters can distinguish it from most species of Feroperis except these following six species and subspecies: P. procax procax Morawitz, 1862, P. procax decastriensis Lafer, 1979, P. shingarevi maichensis Lafer, 1979, P. shingarevi shingarevi Lafer, 1979, P. arsenjevi Lafer, 1979, P. odaesanensis Lafer, 2011. Besides P. shingarevi shingarevi, all other five taxa are different from the new species by the pronotum posterior angle being rounded, obtuse or only weakly dentate, but the lateral border never widened at posterior denticles. Therefore, P. shingarevi shingarevi (Primorsky Krai: Evseevka, 44°24'N, 132°52'E) is considered to be the most similar species to P. maryseae sp. n.

When compared with P. shingavrevi shingavrevi Lafer, 1979, P. maryseae sp. n. can be differentiated by: (1) in P. maryseae , the pronotum being widest at about basal 2/3, while it is widest near the middle in P. shingavrevi ; (2) in P. maryseae , the apical lamella of aedeagus more obviously truncate, its left margin abruptly bent at about apical third of the apical lamella, while in P. shingavrevi , the apical lamella is less truncate, its left margin slightly bent near the middle of the apical lamella.

P. maryseae sp. n. is sympatric to the second new species, P. silvestris . These two new species can be readily distinguished by their differences in their pronotal posterior angles: in P. silvestris , the posterior angles of the pronotum are weakly protruding and dentate, lateral border not widened at the posterior denticles, its width similar to or less than the lateral border of the pronotum; in P. maryseae , posterior angles of the pronotum are strongly protruding and dentate, lateral border distinctly widened at the posterior denticles, its width at least twice as wide as the lateral border of the pronotum. They also strongly differ in their male genitalia (Figs 2, 9): apical lamella of aedeagus much longer and apex distinctly widened in P. silvestris ; endophallus with a large coniform dorsal lobe in P. silvestris , with such a lobe being absent in P. maryseae . Moreover, these two species are also different in their female genitalia: the female reproductive tract with seminal canal shorter in P. maryseae , about four times length as the receptaculum (versus six times length as the receptaculum in P. silvestris ); sternum VIII with the V-shaped transparent region shorter and wider in P. maryseae .

Description.

Body length 12.6-14.9 mm (mean ± SD: 13.5 ± 0.56, n = 20), both sexes with similar body shape. Dorsal surface black and shiny; head and pronotum without obvious microsulpture; elytra with very fine and isodiametric microsculpture. Head mostly smooth, frons and vertex shiny, with scattered micro-punctures; eyes moderately convex; antennae just reaching the pronotum base. Pronotum approximately 1.4 times wider than head (PW/HW =1.26-1.52, mean ± SD: 1.40 ± 0.05, n = 20); rounded in shape, widest at about 2/3 length to the posterior margin (PW/PLt = 1.21-1.36, mean ± SD: 1.28 ± 0.04, n = 20; PW/PLm = 1.37-1.59, mean ± SD: 1.46 ± 0.05, n = 20); lateral margins evenly convex from apex to about basal 1/3, then strongly contracted and almost straight before the posterior angles (PW/PA = 1.29-1.48, mean ± SD: 1.36 ± 0.05, n = 20; PW/PB = 1.29-1.43, mean ± SD: 1.36 ± 0.04, n = 20); apical width of pronotum nearly same as its basal width (PB/PA = 0.93-1.07, mean ± SD: 1.00 ± 0.04, n = 20). Anterior angles obtuse and rounded, distinctly contracted inward; lateral channels narrow in front of midpoint and gradually expanded towards the base, with flatten and sparse punctures on them. Posterior angles strongly protruding, forming strong denticles, lateral border at the posterior denticles strongly widened, at least twice as wide as the lateral broder of the pronotum anterior to the posterior angles; lateral border interrupted before posterior denticles; the posterior denticles about 90° (Fig. 7 C–D), commonly with a side edge (128.6°-152.6°, mean ± SD: 140.7° ± 8.98°, n = 10); carinae between lateral margins and pronotal basal foveae clearly defined, parallel to the median line. Basal foveae moderately deep, clearly defined throughout except at the basal area, outer basal foveal groove long and deep, reaching the posterior margin of pronotum, inner basal foveal groove short and weakly incised, base separated from the posterior margin; basal foveae slightly rugose and sparsely punctate; disc moderately convex and smooth, only very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra oviform (EL/EW = 1.30-1.47, mean ± SD: 1.39 ± 0.05, n = 20; EL/PLt = 2.09-2.33, mean ± SD: 2.17 ± 0.07, n = 20, EW/PW = 1.16-1.30, mean ± SD: 1.21 ± 0.03, n = 20), widest near the middle; elytra base slightly depressed in the middle; striae deeply impressed, with fine and sparse punctures; parascutellar stria long, apex free, short and incomplete or connected with first stria, normally located between the first stria and elytra suture, occasionally between first and second stria; parascutellar pore present on the base of first stria. Third interval generally with 3-6 setigerous pores, situated mostly closer to the second stria, occasionally 1-2 additional pores may present on the first and fifth intervals; umbilicate series of pores on the ninth interval, each side composed of 16-20 pores, sparser in the middle and denser anteriorly and posteriorly. Hind wings strongly vestigial, only developed as leathery wing bud. Ventral side: pro- and mesoepisternum sparsely punctate and shallowly rugose; metepisternum with coarse punctures; abdominal sterna glabrous in the middle, with sparse coarse punctures laterally; lateral area of sterna IV and V densely rugose. Legs long and slender; first meso- and metatarsomeres with distinct carina on the outer surface, these occur also near the base of the second tarsomeres; fifth tarsomere with 2-4 pairs of setae on ventral surface. Male genitalia: median lobe of male genitalia bent more than 90 degrees at basal 2/5 (Fig. 9C); in lateral view, ventral margin almost straight in the middle, apical portion not bent to the ventral side, apical lamella slightly depressed from dorsal to ventral side; on dorsal view (Fig. 9A); apical orifice slightly turned to the left; apical lamella sub-quadrate, slightly narrowed to apex, about 1.1 times as its basal width, slightly oblique to the right; apex a little truncate, left margin of the apical lamella abruptly bent at about apical 1/3. Right paramere very long and strongly bent, a little narrowed to apex, apical portion thick, apex obliquely truncate (Fig. 9B). Endophallus (Fig. 10) extending from the dorsal-left side of aedeagus to ventral side, major parts of the endophallus located on the ventral side of the aedeagus, basal portion slightly swollen to the dorsal direction; gonopore (gp) located near the basal-ventral direction of the aedeagus, pointing towards the aedeagal base. Five distinct recognizable lobes: left lateral lobe (ll) compressed, forming a widening triangular shape towards the base of gp when viewed dorsally, surface with fine scales; left ventral lobe (lv) divided into two separate sub-lobes; lv-1 round, apex positioned towards aedeagal base, base adjacent to rb; lv-2 very small, situated at about half the height of lv-1; right ventral lobe (rv) composed of two sub-lobes: rv-1 small and compressed, on the base of left-ventral surface of endophallus, close to the aedeagal apex, surface with fine scales; rv-2 large and round, between the base of gp and rv-1, surface with fine scales; dorsal lobe absent. Female genitalia: spermatheca with the seminal canal as long as about four times the length of the receptaculum; receptaculum tubiform, apical slightly pointed; spermathecal gland long; the seminal canal inserted at the base of the common oviduct, base of the seminal canal sclerotized (Fig. 13). Stylomere 1 (Fig. 11) with thick setae ventro-apically, stylomere 2 with two ensiform setae at the basal half of outer margin and with one ensiform seta at the upper middle part of its inner-ventral margin. Tergum VIII (Fig. 12A) with major portion chitinized, two small semi-chitinized patches with dense spots on each side; anterior margin with large quadrate middle notch. Sternum VIII (Fig. 12B) with sparse seta the on posterior margin; posterior margin curved, deeply notched in the center; posterior region chitinized, anterior region semi-chitinized, with a V-shaped transparent region on the center, shorter and wider than the previous species, adjacent to the central posterior notch.

Distribution.

This species is only known form the Zhangguangcai Mountain range on the border of Jilin and Heilongjiang Provinces of China. Two localities in the Hailin County of Heilongjiang Province and Jiaohe County of Jilin Province were recorded.

Etymology.

This species is named after Miss Maryse Diekman, who collected many specimens of both new species.