Haplosialis Navás

Liu, Xingyue, Price, Benjamin W., Hayashi, Fumio, Moor, Ferdinand De & Yang, Ding, 2014, Revision of the Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) of Madagascar, Zootaxa 3796 (2), pp. 320-336 : 331-332

Genus Haplosialis Navás

Haplosialis Navás, 1927: 31 . Type species: Protosialis madegassa Navás, 1927: 30 , original designation.

Diagnosis. Adults. Forewing length ~9.0– 10.5 mm in males; ~11.0–15.0 mm in females. Body generally pale to dark brown. Head generally orange, sometimes with dark markings on frons and vertex ( Figs. 5–7 ). Antennae pilose, approximately half the length of the forewing. Compound eyes strongly produced in males; ocelli absent. Labrum ~4.0–5.0 times wider than long, lateral margins rounded, front margin slightly emarginated. Prothorax>2.0 times wider than long, pronotum usually with dark vittae laterally. Forewing ( Fig. 4 ) 4.0 times longer than wide, minutely hirsute, margins pilose; costal area feebly broadened proximally, with 5–8 distinct costal crossveins; sc-r present; Rs 2-branched; MA 2-branched; MP 2-branched, anterior branch mostly simple, but occasionally bifurcated, posterior branch mostly bifurcated, but sometimes simple; CuA 2-branched; three crossveins between R and Rs. Hindwing slightly broader than forewing, about 3.0 times as long as wide; 2–5 distinct costal crossveins proximally; venation similar to forewing, with three crossveins between R and Rs, MA mostly with two simple branches, with anterior branch sometimes bifurcated. Male ninth tergum ( Fig. 32 ) transversely arched, posterior margin medially produced in lateral view; ectoproct paired, distally protruding into a slender and dorsally curved process; eleventh gonocoxite ( Figs. 32–35 ) nearly as wide as ninth tergum, transversely arched, posteriorly with a pair of slender projections, which are directed dorsolaterally with hook-like tip; membrane between ninth sternum and eleventh gonocoxite distinctly protruding posteriad. Female seventh sternum ( Figs. 36–37 ) broad, posterior margin strongly produced medially into an acutely pointed projection; eighth gonocoxite ( Fig. 37 ) small, ovoid, medially with a longitudinal incision; eighth gonapophyses ( Fig. 37 ) transversely arched, slightly sclerotized, sparsely setose on anterolateral portions; ninth gonocoxite ( Fig. 36 ) broad, apex bearing rather small gonostylus.

Larva ( Fig. 9 ). Head orange. Prothorax orange, meso- and metathorax pale yellow, with reticulated patterns of brownish marks. Abdomen dark purplish brown, dorsally with transverse yellowish stripes and paired, yellowish, submedian, comma-shaped markings on each segment.

Remarks. Haplosialis is the most poorly studied alderfly genus due to the scarcity of specimens. This genus comprises two extant species: H. afra and H. madegassa , both of which were originally described as species of the genus Protosialis van der Weele, 1909. Haplosialis in appearance resembles Protosialis by the orange head and pronotum and by the similar wing venation. However, the widely separated male ectoproct, the shape of male eleventh gonocoxite, and the setose female eighth gonapophyses indicate a close relationship between Haplosialis and the genus Indosialis Lestage, 1927 , which is endemic to the Oriental realm ( Liu et al. 2008). The syntypes of H. madegassa , were deposited in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) and the L. Navás collection ( Navás 1927), but cannot be found currently. The syntype in the L. Navás collection is probably lost. The syntype in MNHN has been misplaced, following a returned loan within the last 10 years (Dr. J. Legrand, MNHN, personal communication). If the MNHN syntype is confirmed to be lost, a new genus-type of Haplosialis should be designated.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Habitus image of Haplosialis afra (Navás). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 5 – 7. Variation of cephalic and prothoracic marking patterns in Haplosialis afra. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 5. Male, specimen code: St 104 - 03 / P 0363; 6. Male, specimen code: St 02 - 80 / P 0660; 7. Female, specimen code: St 17 - 23 / P 0374. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 32 – 37. Haplosialis afra (Navás). 32. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 33. Male genitalia, ventral view; 34. Male genitalia, lateral view; 35. Male genitalia, caudal view; 36. Female genitalia, lateral view; 37. Female genitalia, ventral view. S 7 & S 9: seventh and ninth sternum, T 7 - 10: seventh to ninth tergum, gp: eighth gonapophysis, gx 8 - 11: eighth to eleventh gonocoxite, gst 9: ninth gonostylus, e: ectoproct. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 8 – 12. Larvae of Megaloptera from Madagascar. 8. Madachauliodes sp., head and prothorax, dorsal view; 9. Haplosialis sp., head and prothorax, dorsal view; 10. Madachauliodes sp., head and prothorax, dorsal view; 11. Same, head, ventral view; 12. Same, eighth abdominal segment, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.